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xiv, 200 leaves : ill., appendices / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.1971) from the Dept. of Organic Chemistry, University of Adelaide

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The practical method of applying the variation principle to the calculation of the energy of an atom demands a trial function which contains variable parameters. The previous work done using this approach was based on the use of some combination of hydrogenic wave functions containing parameters inserted in appropriate places. The present calculation of the energy of the eleven-electron atom has been brought about using this method.

<p> Bohmian mechanics is an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics that incorporates the familiar and intuitive picture of particles moving along trajectories and yet predicts the same results as the more widely accepted Copenhagen interpretation.</p> <p> In recent years there has been renewed interest in this Bohmian view, in part for the novel approach that it suggests to certain problems, such as decay processes, both from a theoretical and computational stand point. In this thesis we focus on using the concepts introduced by the Bohmian framework as a practical computational tool.</p> <p> I evaluate a number of implementations of the Bohmian method, get a sense of their strengths and weaknesses and attempt to overcome some stability issues that arise. For problems in one-dimension (lD), accurate solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation produce a wave function from which Bohmian trajectories can be computed by integrating along flux lines. For direct integration of the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equations, the main problems that arise are related to evauating the quantum potential (QP), especially in regions of low probability density. Sufficient accuracy is required to avoid unphysical trajectory crossings. A number of interpolation schemes were investigated, and smoothed splines with special treatment of edge effects gave the best results.</p> <p> For problems in 2D the alternating direction implicit (ADI) method was employed to produce the wave function. Ways of dealing with unphysical reflections from the boundaries of a finite size domain were studied.</p> <p> The use of cellular automata, especially the lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) were also considered. Here Bohm trajectories would be propagated by following a small set of rules. The main problem identified is that, unless a scheme can be found in which the quantum potential is self-generating from an equation of continuity, the overhead of computing the QP at each time step, is prohibitive.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

1 Maxim Gumin's Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm is an example-driven image generation algorithm emerging from the craft of procedural content generation. The intended use of the algorithm is to generate new images in the style of given examples by ensuring local similarity. Our work aims to generalize the original work to make the algorithm applicable in other domains. Furthermore, we aim to apply it in a more difficult task of village generation in the 3D sandbox video game Minecraft. We will create a generic WFC library and a Minecraft mod, which will allow for structure generation using WFC. We hope that our WFC library will be beneficial to anyone exploring WFC and its applications in the Kotlin language and that our Minecraft showcase reveals some of the benefits and limits of the algorithm in complex problems.

This investigation is primarily concerned with the low loss, or plasmon region of an electron energy loss spectrum. Specifically, why these spectra have the shape and form that they do; what the significance of the material is in determining the shape and form of these spectra; what can be done with plasmon excited electrons; and how all of this fits in with the current theory of plasmon excitation. In particular, the concept of plasmon scattering being an energy transfer process of a coupled wave in the material is explored. This gives rise to slightly different explanations of the plasmon scattering process to the status quo. Multiple scattering is typically pictured as a combination of separate and independent, elastic and inelastic scattering events interactively contributing to a final exit wave function. However, this investigation explores the idea of the elastic and inelastic components being a coupled event, and what the consequences of this idea are from a conceptual point of view. The energy transfer process itself, does not deviate from a virtual particle exchange description that is consistent with the standard model. However, the two significant points made throughout the chapters are one: that the elastic and inelastic scattering events are coupled rather than separate, and two: that each succussive higher order scattering event in multiple scattering scenarios, are dependant and connecte d rather than independent.

The experiment performed by Itano, Heinzen, Bollinger and Wineland on the quantum Zeno effect is analyzed in detail through a quantum map derived by conventional quantum mechanics based on the Schrodinger equation. The analysis shows that a slight modification of their experiment leads to a significantly different result from the one that is predicted through von Neumann's hypothesis of collapse of the wave function in the quantum measurement theory. This may offer a possibility of an experimental test of von Neumann's quantum measurement theory. / text

Orientador: Silvio Antonio Sachetto Vitiello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T22:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedroso_ViniciusZampronio_M.pdf: 1006322 bytes, checksum: a4558189ae209bae9a6212be5b0bd54f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: We present a trial wave function to describe systems formed from 4He atoms. This function is able to describe the system in the liquid and solid phases, it is translationally invariant and satisfies the Bose-Einstein statistics. This wave function depends on a set of auxiliary variables integrated all over the space and favors the exchange between particles, mainly at higher densities where it is more important. We also calculated the equation of state and the pair distribution function of the liquid and solid phases of the system and results are in good agreement with the experimental data / Abstract: Apresentamos uma função de onda tentativa para descrever sistemas de átomos de 4He. Esta função é capaz de descrever o sistema nas fases sólida e liquida, é translacionalmente invariante e satisfaz a estatística de Bose-Einstein. A função proposta depende de um conjunto de variáveis auxiliares integradas em todo o espaço e favorece os processos de troca de partículas, principalmente para densidades mais altas onde ela é importante. Calculamos a equação de estado e a função de distribuição radial das fases liquida e sólida do sistema e obtivemos um ótimo acordo com dados experimentais / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

Les modèles intégrables sont des modèles physiques pour lesquels certaines quantités peuvent être calculées de manière exacte, sans recours aux méthodes de perturbations. Ces modèles très particuliers suscitent un intérêt croissant en physique théorique. Les applications directes en physique de la matière condensée et les liens subtils plus récemment mis en évidence avec certaines théories de jauge supersymétriques ont motivé depuis des décennies l’élaboration d’outils mathématiques complexes. Parmi eux, l’ansatz de Bethe a joué un rôle central, et permis la diagonalisation de nombreux modèles de natures très différentes. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse est consacré à une introduction aux deux approches de l’ansatz de Bethe, dites ”en coordonnée” et ”algébrique”, dans le cadre de la chaîne de spin de Heisenberg et d’un modèle stochastique généralisant à un spin continu le modèle du Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process. Le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse présente l’ansatz algébrique modifié pour la chaîne XXX périodique. Cet ansatz modifié est proposé pour résoudre le cas de la chaîne ouverte, pour laquelle l’ansatz classique n’est plus efficace. Le produit scalaire des états de Bethe modifiés ainsi obtenus est étudié. Le troisième chapitre concerne la résolution de l’identité, et le problème fonctionnel inverse. Une expression pour les états de spin en terme des états de Bethe est présentée pour le q-TASEP, et une expression de la résolution de l’identité en terme des états de Bethe pour la chaîne de spin XXZ infinie est démontrée, faisant intervenir dans les deux cas la contribution des états liés. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre concerne les représentions en déterminant dans l’ansatz de Bethe. Une expression pour les éléments de matrice de l’opérateur Nombre de Particule pour le gaz de Bose avec interaction delta en terme d’un déterminent est démontrée, et des représentations intégrales pour les déterminants d’Izergin-Korepin et de Slavnov sont investiguées, établissant ainsi un nouveau lien formel direct entre ces deux représentations en déterminant. / Integrable models are physical models for which some quantities can be exactly obtained, without use of perturbation theory. Those very special models are source of an increasing interest in theoretical physics. The direct applications in condensed matter physics and the subtle links evidenced more recently with some supersymmetric gauges theories motivated the development of complex mathematical tools. Among these, Bethe ansatz played an important role, and provides an efficient approach for diagonalizing a lot of models of various nature. The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to the introduction to the two approaches of the Bethe ansatz, said “coordinate” and “algebraic”, in the context of the XXX Heisenberg spin chain and a continuous spin generalization of the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process, the so called Zero-range Chipping model with factorized steady state (ZCM). The second chapter is devoted to the Modified Algebraic Bethe Ansatz in the context of the periodic XXX chain. This modified ansatz is proposed for solving the spectral problem of the open spin chain, for which the usual ansatz fails. The scalar product of the obtained modified Bethe states is studied. The third chapter concerns the resolution of the identity and the inverse functional problem. An expression for the spin states in terms of Bethe states est presented for the ZCM, and an expression for the resolution of the identity in term of Bethe states for the infinite XXZ chain is proved, involving in both cases the contribution of bound states. At last, the fourth chapter concerns determinant representations in the Bethe ansatz. An expression for the “matrix elements of the particle number operator” for the delta-Bose gas in terms of a determinant is proved, and some integral representations for the Izergin-Korepin and Slavnov determinants are investigated, then establishing a new formal link between these two determinant representations.