O método Geofísico de Radar de Penetração no Solo - GPR vem contribuindo muito em estudos de zonas costeiras, sobretudo por apresentar uma resposta e uma interpretação geofísico-geológica satisfatória na grande maioria dos casos. No entanto o GPR possui algumas limitações, por utilizar de princípios físicos para sua execução algumas propriedades existentes nos materiais em subsuperfície podem causar a atenuação do sinal ou mesmo manter a onda eletromagnética confinada se igualando a uma camada guia de onda. O objetivo desse estudo é entender e inferir a partir de uma análise física e de uma interpretação geofísica-geológica quais os fatores que podem estar causando esse tipo de fenômeno. A área de estudo está localizada no Banhado do Taim uma região do extremo Sul do Brasil, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O dado utilizado neste estudo consta de um perfil de GPR obtido sobre um paleocanal que conectava a região da atual lagoa Mirim com o oceano Atlântico. Esse registro apresente dados excelentes de preenchimento de canais, porém na parte final do perfil esse registro é sombreado como se fosse adicionado um escudo bloqueador. Os resultados indicaram que esse bloqueio está relacionado à existência da camada guia de onda, que a mesma está associada a um tipo de ambiente lagunar. Esse ambiente está relacionado à presença de sedimentos finos, nos quais a fração de argila existente e a matéria orgânica misturada a um teor elevado de umidade contribuem para um alto valor de condutividade e baixa resistividade, resultando numa forte atenuação do sinal e aprisionamento da onda eletromagnética. / The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method has contributed to studies of coastal zones, especially because it presents a response and interpretation geophysicalgeological satisfactory. However, GPR has some limitations, because it uses physical principles in its execution, and some properties in subsurface materials can cause signal attenuation or even keep the electromagnetic wave confined to a waveguide layer. The objective of this study is to understand and infer from a physical analysis and a geophysical-geological interpretation the factors that cause this phenomenon. The study area is located in Banhado do Taim (marshes), a region in southernmost Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data used in this study consists of a GPR profile obtained on paleochannels that connected the region of the current Mirim lagoon with the Atlantic Ocean. This record shows excellent channel fill data, however, in the final part of the profile, this record is shaded as if a shield were blocking the signal. Results indicate that this blockade is related to the existence of the waveguide layer, which is associated with a type of lagoon environment. This environment is related to the presence of fine sediments, in which the clay fraction and organic matter mixed with high humidity content, which contributed to the high conductivity and low resistivity value. Result is strong signal attenuation and entrapment of the electromagnetic wave

Low-loss waveguides with minimal dispersion are desired throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. These properties are difficult to achieve in the Terahertz (THz) region due to material and geometric constraints. This thesis focuses on the design, fabrication, and testing of waveguide-based devices using two promising technologies: the free-space metallic-slit waveguide (MSWG) and the coplanar strip (CPS) waveguide on a thin (1 um) commercial silicon nitride membrane. The work presented here differs from standard THz waveguide research which commonly uses the field radiated by a photoconductive antenna (THz optics) for excitation and detection. To improve upon system integration, a focus is placed on planar waveguide devices without refractive THz elements. Three main waveguide devices are investigated. First, an edge-coupled MSWG-based linear tapered slot antenna (LTSA) was used for THz-Time Domain Spectroscopy (TDS). This device functions as an alternative to a standard photoconductive switch coupled to a silicon lens and maintains comparable performance. Next an edge-coupled tapered MSWG was investigated. The MSWG conductor separation was increased to a low-loss configuration where the field propagated for 24 mm, after which the conductors were tapered to focus the field onto the receiving active region where a THz-bandwidth pulse was detected. Finally a CPS waveguide was fabricated on a thin silicon nitride membrane where a THz-bandwidth pulse was detected after propagating for 10 mm. The active regions for this device were fabricated using a unique method. This method results in the creation of thousands of small (40 um x 20 um) active regions (from a 4 mm x 4 mm host substrate) which can be placed anywhere for THz excitation and detection. The small active regions in conjunction with the CPS waveguide on the silicon nitride membrane provide an excellent platform for THz system testing. A single membrane can host many THz circuits which can be made ``active" by the placement of a few thin-film photoconductive devices. Main potential future applications include waveguide-based spectroscopy and coherent THz-bandwidth circuit analysis. / Graduate

Afin de répondre à la demande croissante de nouveaux services, les objets que nous utilisons au quotidien (les smartphones, les voitures, les avions, etc.) tendent à intégrer de plus en plus de systèmes radio tandis que l’espace disponible pour l’intégration de ces éléments est de plus en plus réduit. Ces systèmes radio nécessitent l’utilisation de plusieurs antennes devant répondre à des critères de compacité, d’isolation, de coût, etc. À titre d’illustration, un smartphone contient plusieurs antennes pour assurer des fonctions telles que la téléphonie, la navigation, la connexion à internet par WiFi, les liaisons Bluetooth, la technologie NFC (Near-Field Communications) et ce nombre tend à s’accroitre considérablement avec l’émergence de nouveaux services. Le même phénomène se retrouve également au niveau des plateformes aéroportées où des fonctions telles que la communication, la navigation, le radar, etc. sont utilisées. Cela conduit donc à la nécessité de réduire le nombre d’antennes en regroupant par exemple plusieurs fonctions au sein d’une même et unique antenne. Dans de précédents travaux de recherches, J. Euzière a démontré la possibilité de combiner une fonction radar et une seconde fonction (ici de communication) en utilisant un réseau de 16 monopoles initialement dédié au seul radar, grâce au Time Modulated Array (TMA). De cette façon, les deux fonctions utilisaient la même fréquence et étaient alimentées par une seule source. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une solution d’antenne multifonction pour radar et communication encore plus compacte (constituée d’une seule antenne). L’idée est de partir d’une solution antennaire déjà existante et d’y apporter les modifications nécessaires à l’ajout d’une seconde fonction, sans pour autant augmenter la surface de l’antenne ni la complexité du système. / In order to respond to the increasingly demand of new services, the objects we use on a daily basis (such as mobile phones, cars, airplanes etc.), tend to integrate more and more radio systems while the space available is limited. These radio systems require the use of many antennas that must meet multiple requirements such as compactness, isolation, costs, etc. A smart-phone, for example, contains several antennas for global navigation satellite system (GNSS), WiFi, TV, FM radio, Bluetooth, near-field communications (NFC) and the number is expected to increase as new systems are added. Another example is in airborne platforms where multiple functions such as communication, navigation, radar, electronic warfare are used. This leads to the need of reducing the number of associated antennas by regrouping several radio functions into a single antenna. However, combining the functionality of several antennas into one shared radiating element while maintaining the functionality of the various radio systems presents a great challenge. During its Ph.D, J. Euzière demonstrated the possibility to combine a radar function and a secondary function from a 16-monopole array originally dedicated to radar operation by using Time Modulated Array (TMA) technique. By this way, the two functions were operating at the same frequency and the system was powered by a single source.The main objective of this thesis is to propose a more compact antenna (a single antenna) dedicated to radar and communication operations instead of using antenna array as J. Euzière did it. The idea is to start from an existing antenna solution and make the necessary modifications to add a second function without adding additional surface and complexity. As we are interested in radar applications, we will choose a directive antenna: a horn antenna. The goal is then to study the possibility to modify the radiation pattern of the horn antenna through controllable elements (slots) and to transmit a direct modulated signal at the antenna level for the communication function. Furthermore, polarization diversity is an attractive way to increase the isolation between two applications. Thus, this aspect will be taken into account in the design of the antenna solution.

La réalisation d’un système holographique 3D embarqué dans un véhicule nécessite le développement d’une structure d’éclairage surfacique à géométrie planaire pour générer un faisceau cohérent, directionnel et uniforme. Ce type de système a été jusque là réalisé à base de composants optiques classiques comme des lentilles et des miroirs. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution plus compacte grâce à l’utilisation des (nano-) technologies d’intégration pour réaliser une émission cohérente, directionnelle et uniforme sur une grande surface à 633 nm en remplaçant les composants optiques volumineux par un circuit intégré photonique.Nous présentons d’abord de manière générale les applications des composants optiques et photoniques dans le domaine automobile, puis la structure planaire intégrée que nous visons pour l’éclairage du système holographique. Nous montrons ensuite l’intérêt du développement de circuits photoniques à base de guides de nitrure de silicium pour le fonctionnement dans le domaine du visible, comme requis pour la présente application. Les travaux réalisés sur les guides d’onde en Si₃N₄ pour la propagation de la lumière à 633 nm sont alors détaillés. Dans un premier temps, nous introduisons les méthodes théoriques pour analyser les modes guidés et montrons les résultats de calcul des indices des modes 1D et 2D pour dimensionner un guide rectangulaire monomode. Enfin, nous détaillons l’étude théorique et de simulation pour définir certains composants intégrés du circuit visé, comme le diviseur 1 × N de faisceau et les guides d’onde courbes. Nous présentons alors les travaux de fabrication des guides d’ondes Si₃N₄ encapsulés dans la silice, précédemment conçus, et qui présentent une dimension autour de 250 nm × 300 nm. Nous montrons les principales étapes de fabrication en salle blanche, comprenant le dépôt des diélectriques à l’aide de la PECVD, la lithographie assistée par faisceau d’électron (EBL) et la gravure ionique réactive (RIE). Les résultats de fabrication sont évalués et analysés afin d’optimiser le procédé de fabrication. Finalement, nous présentons le banc de caractérisation des guides d’onde et les résultats des pertes optiques mesurées. Le dernier chapitre est dédié à l’étude du couplage d’un mode photonique guidé à un mode plasmonique dans un système de guides d’onde, qui consiste en une chaine de nanoparticules métalliques en Au ou en Ag déposée sur le guide d’onde rectangulaire Si₃N₄. L’état de l’art et l’étude théorique sont d’abord présentés, puis nous montrons les résultats de simulation numérique de l’efficacité de couplage en fonction des tailles des nanoparticules et de la longueur d’onde dans ce système de guides d’onde couplés. / An auto-embedded 3D holographic system requires the development of a surface lighting integrateddevice to generate a coherent, directional and uniform lighting beam. Up to now, the realization of this type ofsystem is based on the conventional optical components such as lenses and mirrors. The objective of this thesis isto propose an ultra-compact solution by using the nanotechnologies, in order to realize coherent, directional and uniform light emitting at 633 nm on a large surface in replacing the bulky optical components by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). In the beginning of the thesis, we present the automotive applications of optics and photonics, and then introduce to the integrated planar structure, which is expected to illuminate the holographic system. We present then our interest of developing silicon nitride waveguides-based PICs, which can be operated in the visible range, as required for the mentioned application. The realized research work on the Si₃N₄ waveguides for the light propagation at 633 nm are then detailed. At first, we introduce the theoretical methods for the analysis of the guided modes and present the calculated indexes of the 1D and 2D modes, which are used to design the single-mode rectangular waveguide. At last, we present exhaustively our theoretical study and simulation work to define some targeted PICs, as the 1 × N beam splitter and the bent waveguides. Then weintroduce the fabrication of the predetermined SiO₂ cladded Si₃N₄ waveguide samples, which have a cross-section size about 250 nm × 300 nm. We present main processes of the fabrication in cleanroom, including the deposition of the dielectric layers by using PECVD, the electron beam lithography (EBL) and the reactive ionicetching (RIE). The fabrication of waveguides has been evaluated and analyzed, in order to optimize the fabrication process. Finally, we present the waveguide’s characterization set-up and the measurement results ofthe optical losses. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the coupling effect from a guidedphotonic mode to a plasmonic mode supported by a guiding structure, which consists of a metallic nanoparticle(Au or Ag) chain deposited on top of the Si₃N₄ rectangular waveguide. The state of the art and the theoretical study are firstly introduced. Then we present the numerical simulation results of the coupling efficiency as a function of nanoparticle’s sizes and operation wavelength in this photonic-plasmonic coupled waveguide system.

Os equipamentos dispóníveis para acompanhamento clínico de implantes dentários monitoram mudanças de estabilidade, mas não são capazes de quantificar o nível de osseointegração. A literatura mostra que a aplicação de ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade estimula o reparo de fraturas ósseas e o crescimento de tecido ósseo nos poros de implantes, indicando que um guia de onda ultra-sônico poderia ser usado tanto para monitorar o processo de osseointegração como também para diminuir o período de recuperação. Diversas dimensões e geometrias foram consideradas nas simulações dos guias ultra-sônicos, e o guia com formato degrau apresentou maior sensibilidade a mudanças na composição do meio que envolve o implante. Resultados obtidos por simulação sugerem que há uma relação linear entre a energia do sinal detectado e o grau de osseointegração. Foram realizados experimentos com guias de onda de titânio e alumínio, sendo necessário realizar mais testes com guias de dimensões reduzidas para a obtenção de um dispositivo adequado para uso clínico. / Available equipments for clinical assessment of dental implants monitor changes in stiffness but are not able to quantify the osseointegration level. Literature shows that the application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates the healing of bone fractures and the bone ingrowth into implants pores, indicating that an ultrasonic waveguide could be used to monitor the osseointegration process as well as to shorten the healing period. Several dimensions and geometries were considered in the waveguides simulations, and the step-shaped waveguide showed more sensibility to changes in the surrounding media of the implant. Results obtained by simulation suggest there is a linear relation between the energy of the detected signal and the osseointegration level. Experiments with titanium and aluminum waveguides were conducted, being necessary to carry out more studies with reduced size waveguides in order to obtain a suitable device for clinical use.

Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons excited at a metal-dielectric interface by incident light. They possess a broad set of interesting properties including a high degree of tunability, the generation of strong field enhancements close to the metal's surface and high sensitivity to their adjacent dielectric environment. It is possible to enhance the sensitivity of plasmonic systems by using narrow plasmon resonances. In this thesis two approaches to narrowing surface plasmon resonances have been studied: diffraction coupling of localised surface plasmon resonances in gold nanoarrays and the use of graphene-protected copper thin films. Applications of these approaches in hybrid systems have been considered for modulation, waveguiding, biosensing and field enhancements. Arrays of gold nanostripes fabricated on a gold sublayer have been used to create extremely narrow plasmon resonances using diffraction coupling of localised plasmon resonances with quality factors up to a value of $Q \sim 300$, among the highest reported in the literature. The nanostructures were designed to give the narrowest resonance at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.5 µm, allowing for this array geometry to be used in hybrid systems for proof-of-concept optoelectronic devices. The gold nanostripe array was used in a hybrid nanomechanical electro-optical modulator along with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and graphene. The modulator was fabricated with an air gap between the nanoarray and the hexagonal boron nitride/graphene. Applying a gate voltage across the device moves the hBN towards the nanoarray, resulting in broadband modulation effects from the ultraviolet through to the mid-infrared dependant on the motion of the hBN instead of graphene gating. The deposition of a 400 nm hafnium(IV) oxide film on top of the gold nanoarray created a structure capable of guiding modes at 1.5 µm. The hybrid air-dielectric-stripe waveguide is capable of guiding modes over a distance of 250 µm. Copper thin films have stronger plasmon resonances and higher phase sensitivity than gold thin films. Transferring a graphene sheet on the copper prevents oxidation of the copper. A feasibility study of this hybrid system has shown that phase-sensitive graphene-protected copper biosensing can detect HT-2 mycotoxin with over four orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than commercially-available gold-based surface plasmon resonance biosensing systems. In summary, two methods of attaining narrow plasmon resonances have been demonstrated and their promise in modulation, waveguiding and biosensing have been demonstrated.

Depuis les années 1980, les chercheurs essayent de concevoir des ordinateurs dits « optiques », au sein desquels les signaux électriques seraient remplacés par des signaux photoniques. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de s’intéresser aux problèmes d’interconnexions entre les composants. Cette thèse porte sur la problématique de l’interconnexion optique entre composants électroniques. Afin de proposer une solution à cette problématique, nous étudierons deux types de structures plasmoniques, une première structure d’un seul bloc solide où l’onde d’information est réfléchie sur un prisme d’air, cette structure est composée d’un guide d’onde métallique recouverte d’une couche de photoresist et elle est nommée « guide plasmonique à ultra longue distance » (ULR-SPP). La seconde structure est basée sur une interconnexion flexible où l’information circule le longue d’un guide souple, ce type d’onde est qualifié de « PlasArc ». Au travers d’un chapitre de simulation numérique, nous déterminerons les caractéristiques dimensionnelles afin de minimiser les pertes d’énergies par propagations de nos guides d’ondes dans chacune des structures. Toutes nos simulations sont effectuées dans la gamme d’ondes des signaux télécoms. Puis, nous présentons la fabrication de nos deux types de guides d'ondes ainsi que leurs spécificités de réalisation à savoir une gravure profonde sèche de 60 µm pour les structures ULRSPP et le retrait d’un substrat solide pour les guides « PlasArc ». La caractérisation de nos structures seront réalisées par des méthodes distinctes (réduction successive de la longueur des échantillons, mesures de la perte par propagation le long du guide, taille du mode obtenu en bout de guide, …) sur des tailles d’échantillons pouvant aller de 5 mm à plusieurs centimètres de longueurs. Une étude de la perte selon le rayon de courbure est établie sur les guides d’ondes plasmoniques de type « PlasArc » / Since the 1980s, researchers have been trying to design so-called "optical" computers, in which electrical signals would be replaced by photonic signals. For this, it is necessary to look at interconnection problems between components. This thesis deals with the problem of optical interconnection between electronic components. In order to propose a solution to this problem, we will study two types of plasmonic structures, a first structure of a single solid block where the information wave is reflected on an air prism, this structure is composed of a guide of metal wave covered with a layer of photoresist and it is named "ultra-long-distance plasmonic guide" (ULR-SPP). The second structure is based on a flexible interconnection where the information flows along a flexible guide, this type of wave is called "PlasArc". Through a numerical simulation chapter, we will determine the dimensional characteristics in order to minimize the energy losses by propagation of our waveguides in each of the structures. All our simulations are performed in the waveband of telecom signals. Then, we present the fabrication of two types of plasmonic waveguides as well as their specificities of realization namely a deep etching of 60 μm for ULRSPP structures and the removal of a solid substrate for waveguide named "PlasArc". The characterization of structures will be realized by distinct methods (cut-back, measurements of the loss by propagation along the guide, size of the mode obtained at the end of the guide, ...) on sizes of samples that can go from 5 mm to several centimeters in length. A study of the loss according to the radius of curvature is established on plasmonic waveguides of "PlasArc" type

This thesis presents a detailed study of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible silicon waveguide and ring resonator technologies. The project specifically focuses on a range of slotted ring resonator configurations comprised of rib-style waveguides. Single ring resonators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers with double rings and central drop port channels have been successfully characterised. Thermal tuning techniques using on-chip heaters were used to determine their sensitivities. A stringent signal cleaning method was also developed to remove systematic background noise. Analysing the transmission signals produced by the Mach-Zehnder interferometers with double rings and a central drop port, it was revealed that coupled resonator induced transparency (CRIT) is created along with Fano-type resonances when the resonant peaks of the two ring resonators are tuned to overlap. The tuning of these features revealed a 2.7 and 2-fold improvement in device sensitivity. A 3x3 transfer matrix model has been developed to simulate the behaviour of light travelling through this configuration. Modelling suggests that effective refractive index and relative phase are the key factors in determining this behaviour. When tuned to close proximity, a resonant ‘superstate’ is achieved in which a modified model is required. Applying the single ring resonators to biosensing applications, basic refractive index testing and a glucose sensing calibration were conducted. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidics system was also developed to improve the reliability of sensing and enable automation. Using silicon nitride ring resonators with inkjet-printed upconverting nanoparticles, it was found that the evanescent field of the rings could stimulate the upconversion process revealing visible spectrum emission around the rings.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a produção e caracterização de filmes finos do tipo GeO2-Bi2O3 (BGO) produzidos por sputtering-RF com e sem nanopartículas (NPs) semicondutoras, dopados e codopados com íons de Er3+ ou Er3+/Yb3+ para a produção de amplificadores ópticos. A produção de guias de onda do tipo pedestal baseados nos filmes BGO foi realizada a partir de litografia óptica seguida por processo de corrosão por plasma e deposição física a vapor. A incorporação dos íons de terras-raras (TRs) foi verificada a partir dos espectros de emissão. Análises de espectroscopia e microscopia foram indispensáveis para otimizar os parâmetros dos processos para a construção dos guias de onda. Foi observado aumento significativo da luminescência do Er3+ (região do visível e do infravermelho), em filmes finos codopados com Er3+/Yb3+ na presença de nanopartículas de Si. As perdas por propagação mínimas observadas foram de ~1,75 dB/cm para os guias pedestal em 1068 nm. Para os guias dopados com Er3+ foi observado aumento significativo do ganho na presença de NPs de silício (1,8 dB/cm). O ganho óptico nos guias de onda amplificadores codopados com Er3+/Yb3+ e dopados com Er3+ com e sem NPs de silício também foi medido. Ganho de ~8dB/cm em 1542 nm, sob excitação em 980 nm, foi observado para os guias pedestal codopados com Er3+/Yb3+ (Er = 4,64.1019 átomos/cm3, Yb = 3,60.1020 átomos/cm3) com largura de 80 µm; para os guias codopados com concentração superior de Er3+/Yb3+ (Er = 1,34.1021 átomos/cm3, Yb = 3,90.1021 átomos/cm3) e com NPs de Si, foi observado aumento do ganho óptico de 50% para guia com largura de 100 µm. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que guias de onda baseados em germanatos, com ou sem NPs semicondutoras, são promissores para aplicações em dispositivos fotônicos. / This work aims to study the production and characterization of GeO2-Bi2O3 (BGO) thin films produced by RF-sputtering with and without semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs),doped and codoped with Er3+ or Er3+/Yb3+ ions for the production of optical amplifiers. The pedestal type waveguide production based on BGO thin film was done trough optical lithography followed by reactive ion etching and physical vapor deposition processes. The incorporation of the rare-earth ions was verified from the emission spectra. Spectroscopy and microscopy analysis were indispensable to optimize the processes parameters for the waveguide fabrication. It was observed minimum propagation losses of ~1,75 dB/cm, at 1068 nm for the pedestal type waveguides. Optical gain was also measured in the Er3+/Yb3+ codoped waveguides with and without Si nanoparticles. Optical gain of 8 dB/cm, at 1542 nm, under 980nm pumping were obtained for 80 µm width Er3+/Yb3+ codoped waveguides (Er = 4,64.1019 atoms/cm3, Yb = 3,60.1020 atoms/cm3). For waveguides doped with higher concentration of Er3+/Yb3+ (Er = 1,34.1021 átomos/cm3, Yb = 3,90.1021 átomos/cm3) and containing silicon nanoparticles, it was observed 50% enhancement of the optical gain for 100 µm width waveguides. For the Er3+ doped waveguides, it was observed significant gain enhancement in the presence of silicon nanoparticles (1.8 dB/cm). The present results demonstrate that germanate waveguides, with or without semiconductor NPs are promising for applications in photonic devices.

The objective of this work presented here is to extend the capabilities of siloxane waveguide technology in the field of biochemical sensing. Recent advances in the integration of polymeric optical waveguides with electronics onto standard printed circuit boards (PCBs) allow the formation of cost-effective lab-on-achip modules suitable for mass production. This technology has been primarily designed for on-board data communication. The focus of this research is to investigate the possibility of realising a Siloxane polymer based lab-on-chip sensor. Different siloxane-polymer-based optical waveguide sensor structures have been designed and analysed from the aspect of biochemical sensing. An evanescent-wave absorption sensor based on mode-selective asymmetric waveguide junctions is proposed for the first time. The device mitigates the common optical effect of spurious response in absorption sensors due to the analyte transport fluid. Head injury is the leading cause of death in the population of people under 40 years. Currently, 3 out of 5 deaths in emergency rooms are due to severe brain injuries in the developed world. Researchers at the Neurosciences Critical Care Unit (NCCU) at Addenbrooke's Hospital have managed to correlate biochemical changes with the severeness of the injury and the likelihood of patient recovery. Considerable progress has been made to develop a lab-on-chip sensor capable of continuously monitoring glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the brain fluid, hence the contribution to the current trend in the advancement of portable lab-on-chip technologies for the deployment of point-of-care diagnostic tools. A novel recognition layer has been developed based on porphyrin in combination with glucose, lactate and pyruvate oxidase for measuring all the analytes, enabling fast and reversible chemical reactions to be monitored by optical interrogation. The operational wavelength of the developed recognition layer is 425 nm, which required the formation of polymer features that were beyond the fabrication capabilities at the time. Through considerable process development and the adoption of nanoimprinting lithography, siloxane polymer based optical waveguides were fabricated allowing the realisation of highly sensitive optical sensors. Based on the results that are presented here, it can be concluded the functionalization of siloxane polymer waveguide have a potential for realising biochemical sensors in the future. The new fabrication technique will allow the formation of more robust and complex lab-on-chip sensors based on this material.