Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Ted C. Schroeder / Annual vaccination of the beef cow herd is a common management tool for most beef herd operations. However, no studies have established the minimal vaccination frequency needed to attain an acceptable herd production output with minimal financial inputs. The hypothesis of this study stated that the production output and profitability of the cow herd would not be decreased by vaccinating the cow herd at intervals of greater than one year. An animal's immune response to a vaccine or a direct challenge by a pathogen requires it to partition nutritional resources from other functioning biological systems within the body such as reproduction and lactation. According to the concept of diminishing returns, there is a point at which the cost of inputs (labor costs, vaccine costs and frequency of vaccination) does not result in corresponding levels of production output (measured by calf weaning weight, cow pregnancy rate and calf survivability). Thus, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of varying the interval of vaccination on cow reproductive productivity, calf productivity at weaning and herd profitability. It is important to note that this research study does not question the premises of vaccinating a cow herd or the effectiveness of the vaccines, but only investigates the time interval between vaccinations. This study consisted of approximately 1000 head of beef cattle divided between two ranch locations in south central South Dakota. Permanent and yearly production records were collected for each individual cow and calf for three production years 1998, 1999 and 2000. At each location cows were randomly assigned into four treatment groups:1) Group V0 – control or non-vaccinated, 2) Group V1 – vaccinated in 2000, 3) Group V2 – vaccinated in 1999 and 2000 and 4) Group V3 – vaccinated in 1998, 1999 and 2000. At the conclusion of this four year study, varying the interval of vaccinations did not decrease the production and the profitability of the treatment groups compared to the control group in the weaning weight and calf mortality models. However, in the pregnancy model conception rates were significantly reduced in 2 of the 3 treatment groups.

L’activité musculaire peut être caractérisée par la performance et un état de fatigue. Le muscle diaphragmatique est caractérisé par sa résistance à la fatigue, en faisant un témoin de capacité à l'autonomie respiratoire. Bien que cliniquement d'intérêt, la mesure de l'état de fatigue de ce muscle est difficile. Nous avons approché cette mesure en analysant les signaux de son activité électrique recueillis par contact. L'obtention des paramètres requière un traitement du signal. Nous avons développé les outils de recueil et de traitement de ce signal et les avons analysé pendant l'anesthésie. Le recueil a fait l'objet du développement d'une sonde multiélectrodes et des logiciels hardware et software de recueil du signal. L'analyse du signal a été l'objet de différentes méthodes mathématiques de débruitage temps réel sur des processeurs RISC-ARM, comparant des algorithmes de deux types d’ondelettes (MuRw, LiFw), et un filtre morphologique (MoFi), le choix portant finalement sur l'ondelette MuRw offrant le meilleur compromis en temps de calcul et en rapport signal sur bruit. L'évaluation clinique de sujets sains et de patients a montré la pertinence des paramètres fréquentiels de l'activité électrique MuRw du diaphragme comme représentants de son état de fatigue, en particulier par le rapport hautes sur basses fréquences obtenu par analyse spectrale / Muscular activity can be described in terms of performance and fatigue. Diaphragmatic muscle is charactarized by its resistance to fatigue, making of it a good representative of ventilatory autonomy. While of clinical interest, its measurement is difficult. We considered this measurement by analyzing the electrical diaphragmatic signal gathered from direct recordings. To be obtained, the parameters have to be filtered. We developped the tools to record as well as to filter the signal and have validated them in clinical settings during anesthesia and intensive care. A multielectrodes probe and the associated hardware and software were developped for the signal recording. The filtering which followed compared using differnt wavelet analysis algorithms (MuRw, LiFw), and a morphological filter (MoFi), through a RISC-ARM processor for a real-time measurement. MuRw was the best compromise for calcul duration and signal noise ratio. Clinical evaluation on patients and healthy volounteers demonstrated the pertinence of frequential parameters extracted from the filtered signal, particularly the High Low ratio obtained after spectral analysis

The full text of this thesis/dissertation is not available online. Please <a href="mailto:upetd@up.ac.za">contact us</a> if you need access. Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Animal Production))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

The main reason for choosing the topic of study, is an increasing number of long-term ventilator-dependent patients undergoing weaning proces from artificial pulmonary ventilation at intensive care units. The content of the chapters include anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, pathophysiology and some diseases associated with the ventilator-dependence. Also, the development and charakteristics of the OCHRIP - NIP and DIOP, the weaning procedure and the role of the nurses in the weaning proces. This study presents goals and hypothesis of investigation, as well as a variety of methodologies used. The study presents two aims of the research. Firstly, to map the experience and knowledge of nurses when disconnecting patients from artificial lung ventilation. Secondly, to find out how nurses perceive the care of these patients, including their view on the possibilities for further development of weaning process care. The research was carried out at ARO, ICU, NIP and DIOP bed units at five hospitals and two faculties of Intensive Care. It involved an anonymous questionnaire of 147 respondents (nurses) and students. The main finding of the research is that nurses have sufficient knowledge and experience in weaning from mechanical ventilation, notwithstanding they underestimate their own...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19531号 / 理博第4191号 / 新制||理||1602(附属図書館) / 32567 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 中川 尚史, 教授 中務 真人, 教授 曽田 貞滋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be associated with iatrogenic chest wall injuries. The extent to which these CPR-associated chest wall injuries contribute to a delay in the respiratory recovery of cardiac arrest survivors has not been sufficiently explored. In a single-center retrospective cohort study, surviving intensive care unit (ICU) patients, who had undergone CPR due to medical reasons between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2019, were analyzed regarding CPR-associated chest wall injuries, detected by chest radiography and computed tomography. Among 109 included patients, 38 (34.8%) presented with chest wall injuries, including 10 (9.2%) with flail chest. The multivariable logistic regression analysis identified flail chest to be independently associated with the need for tracheostomy (OR 15.5; 95% CI 2.77–86.27; p = 0.002). The linear regression analysis identified pneumonia (β 11.34; 95% CI 6.70–15.99; p < 0.001) and the presence of rib fractures (β 5.97; 95% CI 1.01–10.93; p = 0.019) to be associated with an increase in the length of ICU stay, whereas flail chest (β 10.45; 95% CI 3.57–17.33; p = 0.003) and pneumonia (β 6.12; 95% CI 0.94–11.31; p = 0.021) were associated with a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Four patients with flail chest underwent surgical rib stabilization and were successfully weaned from the ventilator. The results of this study suggest that CPR-associated chest wall injuries, flail chest in particular, may impair the respiratory recovery of cardiac arrest survivors in the ICU. A multidisciplinary assessment may help to identify patients who could benefit from a surgical treatment approach.

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Establishing a chronology of variation in isotopic values can reveal frailty associated with biological and social age, as well as highlight individuals who vary from typical patterns. Although general dietary characteristics and infant feeding practices were previously unknown for subadults excavated from the cemetery at Alytus, Lithuania (14th-18th centuries), previous research concludes that Alytus' subadults experienced high rates of physiological, metabolic, non-specific stress, in addition to specific diseases like tuberculosis. To investigate nuanced relationships between diet and mortality, nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes from the femoral and humeral midshaft diaphyses of 70 subadults (32 weeks gestation to16 years) were analyzed. Dietary reconstruction reveals that on average, exclusive breastfeeding continued until around 2 years of age when enriched ?13C (-19.6‰) and ?15N values (12.7‰) begin to deplete suggesting introduction of C3 grain gruels and potential weaning-associated infirmity. Nitrogen values remained slightly elevated in children (3-5 years, 11.2‰) until the beginning of juvenility (5-8 years, 10.3‰) when ?15N more closely mirrored adult values (16 years, 10.2‰), consistent with predominant consumption of terrestrial animal protein, possibly with riverine influence. The difference between femoral to humeral ? F-H 13C (-0.05 ±0.25‰, 1?) and ? F-H 15N (- 0.01±0.45‰, 1?) was not significant, though humeral values were on average more enriched. Enrichments in humeral nitrogen and carbon coincided with estimated weaning age. Cohorts experiencing childhood and adolescent growth spurts experienced higher femoral ?13C and ?15N values. Examining dietary experience and physiological changes contributes a holistic understanding of subadult morbidity and mortality experiences in Medieval Lithuania.

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