It has been claimed by some that Hong Kong, the world’s freest economy, is without corruption or other kinds of white-collar crime. Statistical sources suggest that these crimes are indeed rare in the city. This study examined those claims by looking at the practices of Hong Kong’s real estate industry, specifically through the lens of a case study on 39 Conduit Road. The property development known as 39 Conduit Road became the centre of controversy in June 2010 when the developer, Henderson Land, was accused of market manipulation. The study found that many common practices in the real estate industry, such as intimidation and deception, could constitute an abuse of power by real estate developers. The abuse of power, especially when done in the course of an occupation, is a fundamental part of the sociological discourse of white-collar crime. The study concluded therefore that it was not that white-collar crime did not exist in Hong Kong but more that these behaviours were structurally rendered invisible. The study located the failure to observe these abuses in the city’s power structure where the local government used its economic policy of laissez faire to turn issues into non-issues, and in its legal culture where ambiguity in the law was construed as a right to act. / published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The objective of this study was to assess the affect of economic performance, relative performance and corporate structure on the frequency of corporate crime. The data utilized in this study were obtained from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and were originally collected by Marshall Clinard and Peter Yeager (1979). In addition to this data source, disaggregated economic data were collected in order to assess the volatility of economic performance for the corporations in the study. The collected data were then merged with the existing data set using the corporate identification numbers provided with an agreement of anonymity. Pearsons's r was used to assess the zero-order relationships among all the variables in the analysis. A series of T-tests were also performed to examine whether offending corporations had significantly lower economic performance measures than did their non-offending counterparts. Finally, multiple regression techniques were utilized to assess the predictive capability of economic performance and corporate structure on corporate offending. The bivariate analysis showed little correlation among the economic performance variables and the total and total serious violation categories. Concentration and diversification were significantly correlated with the violation categories. Diversification was also found to be highly correlated in a negative direction with all of the volatility measures. Similar results were found when analyzing the relative performance measures. When comparing the mean economic scores of offending and non-offending corporations, mean performance was generally lower among offending corporations. Offending corporations, however, were shown to experience less economic volatility than their non-offending counterparts. With respect to relative performance, offending corporations were found to have lower mean economic performance measures than non-offending firms. However, offenders were found to be less volatile relative to their industry than non-offenders. The regression analysis revealed a positive relationship with the trend of profit and a negative relationship with volatility of profit, both contradict theoretical expectations. In addition, the structural variables were found to be positively related to corporate violations, but they had little mediational effect with respect to the economic variables, as hypothesized. Based on the findings of this study, the limitations and implication for an economic explanation of corporate offending are discussed. / M.S.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LANKER VINICIUS BORGES SILVA LANDIN.pdf: 1157352 bytes, checksum: a1647bfe8ff1c03ac85f2fcf2955db7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / This dissertation analyzes the white-collar crimes, selectivity and impunity. The investigation of this criminal modality is of paramount importance to Brazil, because contrary to what presents itself, this is one of the criminal activities that brings more harm to the Brazilian society, generating high financial losses, as the case of Petrobras, which is being investigated by Operation Lava jet. Even being involved in criminal activities, the white-collar criminals are not stereotyped as dangerous people to society, unlike what happens, for example, with the thieves. The stereotyping suffered by some criminals is one of the lines of the punishment selectivity of the approach in Brazil. White-collar crimes receive different treatment, if not privileged. The society, laws and agencies responsible for investigating and punishing those who commit crime have a greater tendency to promote exemplary punishment to common criminals, since these are considered dangerous to society. However, for the criminals of high society, the same punishment is not required, because this class is rarely labeled as a class of offenders. In addition, its close relationship with the media that allows use this to form and transmit a good social image. It is emphasized that impunity is taken for all crimes, but is more present in so-called white-collar crimes. For the research the hypothetical-deductive and statistical methods were used. The main findings are pessimistic , since impunity and selectivity serve as power maintenance tool of the great white-collar criminals , so the likelihood is remote to achieve modify the Brazilian criminal reality. / Esta dissertação analisa os crimes de colarinho branco, a seletividade e a impunidade. A investigação dessa modalidade criminosa é de suma importância para o Brasil, pois ao contrário do que se apresenta, essa é uma das práticas delituosas que mais danos traz à sociedade brasileira, gerando elevados prejuízos financeiros, como o caso da Petrobras, o qual está sendo investigado pela Operação Lava Jato. Mesmo estando envolvidos com atividades delituosas, os criminosos de colarinho branco não são estereotipados como pessoas perigosas para a sociedade, diferentemente do que ocorre, por exemplo, com os ladrões. A estereotipização sofrida por alguns criminosos é uma das linhas da abordagem da seletividade da punição no Brasil. Os crimes de colarinho branco recebem tratamento diferenciado, para não dizer privilegiado. A sociedade, as leis e os órgãos responsáveis pela investigação e punição de quem comete crime possuem uma grande tendência em promover a punição exemplar aos criminosos comuns, uma vez que estes são tidos como perigosos para sociedade. No entanto, em relação aos criminosos da alta sociedade, a mesma punição não é exigida, pois essa classe raramente é etiquetada como classe de delinquentes. Ademais, sua relação de proximidade com a mídia permite com que use desta para formar e transmitir uma boa imagem social. Ressalta-se que a impunidade é verificada em todos os crimes, mas se faz mais presente nos chamados crimes de colarinho branco. Para a realização da pesquisa foram utilizados os métodos hipotético-dedutivo e estatístico. Os principais resultados encontrados são pessimistas, posto que a impunidade e a seletividade servem como instrumento de manutenção do poder dos grandes criminosos do colarinho branco, sendo assim é remota a possibilidade de se conseguir modificar a realidade criminal brasileira.

M.Cur. (Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing) / The objective of this research is to explore and describe how the white-collar criminal experiences being admitted to prison. In a country like South Africa, where the crime rate is of the highest in the world and where a new democratic era has also begun where the prisoner is entitled to more humane treatment, the Department of Correctional Service faces considerable criticism from time to time, whilst being exposed to increasing demands. The white-collar criminal experiences problems integrating successfully in the prison community, with the result that such integration and the accompanying deprivation give rise to mental health problems. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual research study has been undertaken to describe how. the white-collar criminal experiences being admitted to prison. Five whitecollar criminals, who. met all the set criteria, were included in the study by means of purposive convenience sampling. . In-depth exploration into the experience of the white-collar criminal was done by utilising the phenomenological method of interviewing for the collection of data. The researcher put a central question to the respondents, viz.: "How do you experience your admission to prison?" Data were analysed by means of descriptive analysis as described by Tesch. Anindependent coder was used to code and analyse the data. Consensus discussions between the researcher and the coder were held on the results. Obstacles and facilitative aspects were identified, which influence the white-collar criminal's ability to integrate in the prison community as part of the facilitation of the promotion, maintenance and restoration of mental health as an integral part of health...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIR - Ryanna P Veras.pdf: 1061167 bytes, checksum: b20201ba22f6d1d84481f75299b54ad9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-22 / This work analises, in the sociological macro level, which perspective should be applied to study white collar crimes in criminology. The sistematic study of crime has begun in the beginning of the XVIII century with the Classic School, however, it has been in the end of the XIX century that emerged the sociologycal studies of crime, influenced by the works of Durkheim. In the beginning of the XX century, sociology has turned an universitary discipline, in the University of Chicago, where has been developped the first sociologycal theory of crime, the Chicago School. Then, the sociology has been divided in two distinct levels, the micro level sociology, which studies the interaction between society and man, and the macro level, which studies the society's structure. The term white collar crime was criated by the american sociologist Edwin Sutherland, in 1939. For him, white collar crime is that one commited by respectable person from the high social class, in his business. Sutherland noted that the punishment of these crimes was less commom than the punishment of the ordinary crimes. The macro level theories which considered this question were the anomie theory, labeling approach, conflict criminology and critical criminology. The first one has analised the theme in the etiologic perspective and the others has used the perspective of social reaction. The etiologic perspective intends to find an ontologic substract in crime and reveal its causes. The perspective of social reaction considers the crime a criation of the criminal system, by the selection of actions, interpretation and a final definition in a judicial sentence. This work intends to demonstrate that the study of white collar crimes should addopt the social reaction perspective, because, it should answer in first place the question: why the white collar crimes are not absorved by the criminal system? As it's impossible to obtain some reliable sample to develop etiologic studies if the real forces that control the penal system and the society were not revealed / O trabalho analisa, na óptica da macrossociologia, qual o paradigma deve ser utilizado para se estudar os crimes do colarinho branco em criminologia. O estudo sistematizado do delito se iniciou no século XVIII com a Escola Clássica, entretanto, foi no fim do século XIX que surgiram os estudos sociológicos do delito, influenciados pelo trabalho de Durkheim. No início do século XX a sociologia se tornou disciplina universitária, na Universidade de Chicago, dando origem à primeira teoria sociológica do delito, a chamada Escola de Chicago. Então, a sociologia passou a se desenvolver em duas linhas distintas, a microssociologia, que estuda a interação entre a sociedade e o indivíduo e a macrossociologia, que se detém no estudo da sociedade. Crimes do colarinho branco foi um termo criado pelo sociólogo norte-americano Edwin Sutherland, em 1939. Para ele crime do colarinho branco é aquele cometido por pessoa de respeito e elevada classe social, no exercício de sua atividade. Suhterland percebeu que a punição de tais delitos era bem menor do que a punição dos crimes ditos comuns. As teorias macrossociológicas que abordaram os crimes do colarinho branco foram a teoria da anomia, o labeling approach, a criminologia do conflito e a criminologia crítica. A primeira o fez sob o paradigma etiológico e as demais adotaram o paradigma da reação social. O paradigma etiológico busca no delito um conteúdo ontológico e, assim, revelar suas causas. O paradigma da reação social entende que o delito é um fenômeno criado pelo sistema penal, por meio da seleção de condutas, interpretação e definição final em uma sentença. A dissertação pretende demonstrar que o estudo dos delitos do colarinho branco deve adotar o paradigma da reação social, pois deve, necessariamente, responder em primeiro lugar a pergunta: por que os crimes do colarinho branco não são absorvidos pelo sistema penal? Pois, não há como se obter qualquer amostra confiável para realizar estudos etiológicos se não forem desvendadas as verdadeiras forças que regem o sistema penal e informam a própria organização social como um todo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melina Marques Mendes Santana.pdf: 953155 bytes, checksum: 9ec7f895d4848d3ba880f4a4eb067e0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-16 / This work aims at assessing the criminal treatment of the insider trading activities on the capital markets. It begins by assessing the most relevant aspects of capital markets and their impact for the economy. Subsequently, it studies the value of the information and the way it should be dealt with by current and potential market participants and any other stakeholder. Following the information collection phase, the differences between white collar crimes and conventional crimes are scrutinized. Then, the work is performed by verifyingand describing how the insider trading has been defined as a crime in the Brazilian legal system and by pointing out the pros and cons of the current legislation. There is also a brief analysis of the international legislation linked to the subject. Ultimately, this work intends to contribute to the elucidation of the insider trading subject and to the unequivocal elimination of that practice / Este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa acerca do tratamento penal dispensado ao uso indevido de informação privilegiada no mercado de capitais insider trading. Inicia-se com a abordagem dos aspectos mais relevantes do mercado de capitais e de seu impacto na economia. Na sequência, é estudado o valor da informação no mercado de capitais e a forma pela qual deve ser acessada pelos investidores atuais ou potenciais , além dos demais players do mercado. Reunido este arcabouço de informações, passa-se a analisar o tema do Direito Penal Econômico, com as suas especificidades em relação à criminalidade tradicional para, então, verificar a forma pela qual a prática do insider trading foi criminalizada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, apontando-se os erros e acertos do legislador. Por fim, é feita uma breve análise da legislação estrangeira correlata ao tema. Com isso, pretende-se contribuir para a elucidação do tema e para o repúdio efetivo a tal prática

Using a multi-case study, three Ponzi schemes were investigated: Road2Gold, Bernie Madoff’s empire, and the Earl Jones affair. This grounded study used an inductive bottom-up methodology to observe and describe stakeholder mobilization in reaction to corporate fraud. This research on stakeholder behaviour in Ponzi schemes articulates new theory for describing stakeholder behaviour and possible determinants for successful mobilization to action. The data presented here point to a useful distinction in the stakeholders in a corporate fraud: reluctant and engaged stakeholders. Reluctant stakeholders seek only interest-based ends, whereas engaged stakeholders have additional identity and ideological goals shared by a mobilized group. / viii, 85 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

Este trabalho toma como objeto o Direito Penal Econômico em perspectiva interdisciplinar, no contexto da Constituição da República e, portanto, do Estado Democrático de Direito. Os propósitos são os seguintes: Analisar os vínculos entre modelo sócio-econômico, política criminal e paradigma punitivo. Identificar perspectivas do Direito Penal Econômico, no cenário contemporâneo de sociedade de risco. Examinar pressupostos, vertentes e abordagem do Direito Penal Tributário, com enfoque na abordagem social do bem jurídico tributário, do delito fiscal, da lavagem de dinheiro, na esteira dos crimes do colarinho branco. Do ponto de vista metodológico, desenvolveu-se pesquisa descritiva, baseada no modelo crítico-dialético, apoiada no pressuposto de que a trajetória do Direito Penal e sua inserção na seara econômica e tributária acompanham as contradições e valores sócio-filosóficos dominantes na sociedade. Nesse passo, com base na doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência nacional e estrangeira, procede-se à releitura do Direito Penal Econômico, a partir da Constituição e do modelo de Estado Social, que admite a intervenção no domínio econômico, no intuito de promover a justiça social. Além disso, procede-se à análise de sistemas penais de diversos países, para verificar, no cenário da globalização econômica e da aproximação das questões relacionadas à delinquência econômica, como são enfrentados problemas relacionados à configuração, à persecução e a punição de tais delitos. A conclusão aponta para a necessidade de construção de uma Política Criminal do Direito Penal Econômico que tome em consideração variáveis relacionadas à Economia e aos Princípios do Direito Penal, de molde a promover ajustamento do sistema penal aos valores e princípios constitucionais, promovendo o equilíbrio entre interesses individuais e coletivos. / The work takes as an object the economic criminal law in its connections with the Criminal Policy in the context of the Brazilian Constitution and seeks to achieve the following purposes: to analyze the links between socio-economic model, criminal policy and punitive paradigm. Identify prospects of economic criminal law in the contemporary scenario of risk society. Examine assumptions, strands and Tax criminal law approach, focusing on social welfare tax legal approach, fiscal crime, money laundering, in the wake of white-collar crimes. From the methodological point of view, descriptive research was developed, based on dialectic-critical model, based on the assumption that the trajectory of the criminal law and its insertion in the economic field and accompanying tax the contradictions and socio-philosophical dominant values in society. At this rate, based on the doctrine, legislation and national and foreign jurisprudence, rereading of economic criminal law, from the Constitution and the welfare state model, which admits the intervention in the economic domain, in order to promote social justice. In addition, we analysis penal systems of various countries, to verify, in the scenario of economic globalization and the approximation of issues related to economic crime, as are facing problems related to configuration, the prosecution and punishment of such crimes. The conclusion points to the need for construction of a Criminal Policy of economic criminal law to take into account variables related to the economy and to the principles of criminal law, such as to promote adjustment of the penal system to constitutional values and principles, promoting a balance between individual and collective interests.

Este trabalho toma como objeto o Direito Penal Econômico em perspectiva interdisciplinar, no contexto da Constituição da República e, portanto, do Estado Democrático de Direito. Os propósitos são os seguintes: Analisar os vínculos entre modelo sócio-econômico, política criminal e paradigma punitivo. Identificar perspectivas do Direito Penal Econômico, no cenário contemporâneo de sociedade de risco. Examinar pressupostos, vertentes e abordagem do Direito Penal Tributário, com enfoque na abordagem social do bem jurídico tributário, do delito fiscal, da lavagem de dinheiro, na esteira dos crimes do colarinho branco. Do ponto de vista metodológico, desenvolveu-se pesquisa descritiva, baseada no modelo crítico-dialético, apoiada no pressuposto de que a trajetória do Direito Penal e sua inserção na seara econômica e tributária acompanham as contradições e valores sócio-filosóficos dominantes na sociedade. Nesse passo, com base na doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência nacional e estrangeira, procede-se à releitura do Direito Penal Econômico, a partir da Constituição e do modelo de Estado Social, que admite a intervenção no domínio econômico, no intuito de promover a justiça social. Além disso, procede-se à análise de sistemas penais de diversos países, para verificar, no cenário da globalização econômica e da aproximação das questões relacionadas à delinquência econômica, como são enfrentados problemas relacionados à configuração, à persecução e a punição de tais delitos. A conclusão aponta para a necessidade de construção de uma Política Criminal do Direito Penal Econômico que tome em consideração variáveis relacionadas à Economia e aos Princípios do Direito Penal, de molde a promover ajustamento do sistema penal aos valores e princípios constitucionais, promovendo o equilíbrio entre interesses individuais e coletivos. / The work takes as an object the economic criminal law in its connections with the Criminal Policy in the context of the Brazilian Constitution and seeks to achieve the following purposes: to analyze the links between socio-economic model, criminal policy and punitive paradigm. Identify prospects of economic criminal law in the contemporary scenario of risk society. Examine assumptions, strands and Tax criminal law approach, focusing on social welfare tax legal approach, fiscal crime, money laundering, in the wake of white-collar crimes. From the methodological point of view, descriptive research was developed, based on dialectic-critical model, based on the assumption that the trajectory of the criminal law and its insertion in the economic field and accompanying tax the contradictions and socio-philosophical dominant values in society. At this rate, based on the doctrine, legislation and national and foreign jurisprudence, rereading of economic criminal law, from the Constitution and the welfare state model, which admits the intervention in the economic domain, in order to promote social justice. In addition, we analysis penal systems of various countries, to verify, in the scenario of economic globalization and the approximation of issues related to economic crime, as are facing problems related to configuration, the prosecution and punishment of such crimes. The conclusion points to the need for construction of a Criminal Policy of economic criminal law to take into account variables related to the economy and to the principles of criminal law, such as to promote adjustment of the penal system to constitutional values and principles, promoting a balance between individual and collective interests.