Legal aspects of movement and stay of person in wild nature Abstract The thesis deals with the legal framework of movement and stay of an individual in wild nature, that is to say outside developed land areas. The legal framework used is effective on 30th August 2018. The thesis describes the legal aspects and limits of an individual's behaviour in wild nature in the context of nature and landscape protection. The first part of the thesis focuses on the general definition of the key concepts. A definition of wild nature, an individual, movement and stay is given. The following part is divided into chapters according to the kind of area in question, namely movement and stay in the forest, in agricultural areas, on water and in caves. A chapter is dedicated to particularities of specially protected areas. Two chapters of the thesis deal with the legal framework regarding plants and animals. Another chapter deals with staying in wild nature overnight, particularly with regard to camping or bivouacking in the Czech Republic. Penalties that may be imposed on individuals violating regulations concerning movement and stay in wild nature are also mentioned. Description and interpretation of signs used is given for the sake of better orientation in the field. A special section is dedicated to overnight stays in wild...

This study investigates outdoor educators’ spiritual experiences in wilderness from a retrospective point of view. The aim is to understand their meaning-making and the role of such experiences in their life and career as well as to draw out possible implications for outdoor education (OE) with special regards to a sustainable future of our planet. For that purpose, qualitative, semi-structured interviews were held with six American OE professionals aged 28 to 53, and analyzed in the manner of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The paper examines the concepts of wilderness, nature-based spirituality and OE, describes a number of relevant studies, and dedicates a critical chapter to the philosophical foundations of IPA. Due to participants’ varying comfort levels with spirituality, the paper suggests to refer to awe-inspiring experiences rather than spiritual experiences. The interviews show the significance of such experiences for the individual, and stress the importance of understanding them as part of a personal story, set in a framework in which participants make meaning. The paper identifies a number of elements that foster the awe- inspiring experiences reported in this study, and presents five ways they inspire the beholder on an intra-, inter- and extrapersonal level. In regards to OE, the paper emphasizes the crucial role awe-inspiring experiences may play in a perpetuating positive cycle towards environmental care and stewardship.

I en värld där djur- och växtarter minskar som en konsekvens av att urbaniseringen ökar står planeringspraktiken inför ett dilemma. Biologiska och ekologiska värden tenderar att ställas mot estetiska och ekonomiska parametrar i planeringsprocesser, vilket gör att flora och fauna i en hög utsträckning marginaliseras. Denna marginalisering har varit närvarande under stora delar av arkitekturhistorien då vild natur ansetts oacceptabel och ställts under människans kontroll. Studien ämnar att studera dessa spänningar och undersöka hur urban biodiversitet kan arbetas med och främjas inom planeringspraktiken. Detta görs genom att belysa vegetation över stadsrummet i dess olika former.  Den urbana miljön erbjuder unika förutsättningar för djur och växters möjlighet att etablera och föröka sig. För att exemplifiera detta har studien, genom en fallstudie, undersökt olika platser i en av Europas grönaste städer. Den italienska huvudstaden Rom har säregna förutsättningar för vegetationens möjlighet att växa genom dess geografiska läge och vattenrika landskap. Fallstudien riktar sig därför specifikt till Rom och kring hur urban biodiversitet utifrån vegetationens spontana förekommande ter sig i stadsrummet. Studien är därav uppbyggd på det empiriska material som samlats in under fallstudien. De två fallen som studeras är den spontant uppkomna parken och sjön Lago ex-Snia som idag klassas som ett lokalt naturskyddsområde och den klassiska anläggningen Villa Massimo med dess tillhörande trädgårdar. Fallen står på varsin sida av ett spektrum och studeras utifrån dess skiljaktigheter i arbetet med vild natur och spontan vegetation.  Genom kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer har tre personer som på olika sätt har yrkesverksamma kopplingar till urban biodiversitet fått utrymme och blivit hörda. Dessa kvalitativa intervjuer har tillsammans med dokumentanalyser och fältanalyser givit oss en förståelse för den spontana vegetations effekter på stadsrummet. Avslutningsvis menar studien att dessa effekter i högre utsträckning bör utnyttjas och prioriteras inom planeringspraktiken. Detta kan göras möjligt genom att bredda kunskapen och öka medvetenheten kring den spontana vegetationens faktiska nyttograd. / In a world where animal and plant species are declining as a consequence of increasing urbanisation, the planning practice faces a dilemma. Biological and ecological values tend to be set against aesthetic and economic parameters in planning processes, resulting in a high degree of marginalisation of flora and fauna. This marginalisation has been present throughout much of architectural history as wild nature has been deemed unacceptable and placed under human control. The study aims to study these tensions and examine how urban biodiversity can be worked with and promoted in the planning practice. This is done by highlighting vegetation across urban space in its various forms.  The urban environment offers unique conditions for animals and plants to establish and reproduce. To illustrate this, the study has, through a case study, investigated different sites in one of Europe's greenest cities. The Italian capital Rome has unique conditions for vegetation growth due to its geographical location and water-rich landscape. The case study therefore focuses specifically on Rome and how urban biodiversity based on the spontaneous occurrence of vegetation appears in the urban space. The study is therefore built on the empirical material collected during the case study. The two cases studied are the spontaneously emerging park and lake Lago ex-Snia, which today is classified as a local nature conservation area, and the classic complex Villa Massimo with its associated gardens. The cases stand on either side of a spectrum and are studied according to their differences in working with wild nature and spontaneous vegetation.  Through qualitative research interviews, three people who are professionally connected to urban biodiversity in different ways have been given space and have been heard. These qualitative interviews, together with a document analysis and a field analysis, have given us an understanding of the effects of spontaneous vegetation on urban space. The study concludes that these effects should be better utilised and prioritised in planning practice. This can be made possible by broadening knowledge and raising awareness of the actual usefulness of spontaneous vegetation.