Com o aumento da população e crescimento da produção industrial, há uma crescente quantidade de resíduos provenientes destas transformações. Neste estudo o foco são os coprodutos do processo de vinificação, conhecidos como bagaço. Anualmente são produzidas no mundo 60 milhões de toneladas de uva, das quais 80% são utilizadas no processo de vinificação, gerando toneladas de co-produtos orgânicos pouco aproveitados. Este é caracterizado por conter altas concentrações de compostos fenólicos, os quais podem ser reaproveitados como antioxidantes. Assim, o principal objetivo deste projeto foi apresentar a influência de diversos métodos de extração sobre a composição química e a atividade antioxidante destes extratos/frações. Para isso foram realizadas extrações por micro-ondas, ultrassom e líquido-líquido, com solventes de polaridades diferentes (etanol, água, metanol, hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila). Além disso, o extrato foi fracionado com auxílio de coluna aberta utilizando sílica como fase estacionária e como fase móvel solventes de diferentes polaridades. A caracterização química foi realizada através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com detector UV-Vis (CLAE-UV) e Espectrometria de Massas de Alta Resolução (EMAR). Entre os principais compostos identificados estão os fenólicos como a rutina, o ácido gálico, a catequina, e alguns carboxilatos como o ácido linoleico e o ácido esteárico. Nas extrações realizadas podemos identificar que o solvente etanol, em todos os métodos de extração, obteve melhores resultados referente a qualificação e quantificação de compostos químicos em análise com CLAE-UV. A avaliação da capacidade antioxidante foi realizada através do método 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH•). Os dados obtidos por extração micro-ondas mostraram uma maior porcentagem de varredura (2,44%±36,64), quando o solvente utilizado foi o etanol. Na extração por sonografia, os valores mais elevados 2,07%±74,22 foram observados utilizando-se acetato de etila. Na extração líquido-líquido o maior percentual de varredura (0,61±33,62) foi observado para o solvente acetato de etila. Em geral, os extratos obtidos por extração com micro-ondas apresentaram maior teor de compostos fenólicos (0,04±13,18 a 6,02mg±107,03 GAE/100g). Os resultados obtidos neste projeto indicam que este co-produto pode ser melhor aproveitado para a aplicação como uma fonte de ingredientes funcionais, como suplementos alimentares ou na indústria cosmética, por conterem compostos importantes (sic). / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-11-24T17:18:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vania Pezzini.pdf: 896272 bytes, checksum: a82ee0965fb04dc09ece21930de3f4fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T17:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vania Pezzini.pdf: 896272 bytes, checksum: a82ee0965fb04dc09ece21930de3f4fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-24 / With increasing population and industrial production growth, there is an increasing amount of waste coming from these transformations. The focus of this study will be on the co-products of the winemaking process, known as grape marc. Every year 60 million tons of grape are produced, 80% of which are used in the winemaking process, generating tons of underutilized organic co-products. This is characterized by its high concentrations of phenolic compounds which can be reused as antioxidants. Thus, the main goal of this project was to present the influence of different extraction methods on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of these extracts/fractions. For this, the extractions were performed by microwave, ultrasound and liquid-liquid, with different polarities solvents (ethanol, water, methanol, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate). Moreover, the extract was fractionated with the aid of an open column using silica as stationary phase and different polarities solvents as mobile phase. The chemical characterization was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Vis detector (CLAE) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Among the main compounds identified are phenolics such as rutin, gallic acid, catechin, and some carboxylates such as linoleic acid and stearic acid. In the extracted extractions we can identify that the ethanol solvent, in all extraction methods, obtained better results regarding the qualification and quantification of chemical compounds in analysis with HPLC-UV. The evaluation of antioxidant capacity was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH •) method. The data obtained by microwave extraction showed a higher percentage of scanning (2,44%±36,64), when the solvent used was ethanol. In the extraction by sonography, the highest values 2,07%±74,22 were observed using ethyl acetate. In the liquid-liquid extraction the highest percentage of sweep (0,61±33,62) was observed for the solvent ethyl acetate. In general, the extracts obtained by extraction with microwaves presented higher levels of phenolic compounds (0,04±13,18 a 6,02mg±107,03 GAE/100g). The results obtained in this project indicate that this co-product can be better utilized for the application as a source of functional ingredients, as food supplements or in the cosmetic industry, because they contain important compounds (sic).

Com o aumento da população e crescimento da produção industrial, há uma crescente quantidade de resíduos provenientes destas transformações. Neste estudo o foco são os coprodutos do processo de vinificação, conhecidos como bagaço. Anualmente são produzidas no mundo 60 milhões de toneladas de uva, das quais 80% são utilizadas no processo de vinificação, gerando toneladas de co-produtos orgânicos pouco aproveitados. Este é caracterizado por conter altas concentrações de compostos fenólicos, os quais podem ser reaproveitados como antioxidantes. Assim, o principal objetivo deste projeto foi apresentar a influência de diversos métodos de extração sobre a composição química e a atividade antioxidante destes extratos/frações. Para isso foram realizadas extrações por micro-ondas, ultrassom e líquido-líquido, com solventes de polaridades diferentes (etanol, água, metanol, hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila). Além disso, o extrato foi fracionado com auxílio de coluna aberta utilizando sílica como fase estacionária e como fase móvel solventes de diferentes polaridades. A caracterização química foi realizada através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com detector UV-Vis (CLAE-UV) e Espectrometria de Massas de Alta Resolução (EMAR). Entre os principais compostos identificados estão os fenólicos como a rutina, o ácido gálico, a catequina, e alguns carboxilatos como o ácido linoleico e o ácido esteárico. Nas extrações realizadas podemos identificar que o solvente etanol, em todos os métodos de extração, obteve melhores resultados referente a qualificação e quantificação de compostos químicos em análise com CLAE-UV. A avaliação da capacidade antioxidante foi realizada através do método 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH•). Os dados obtidos por extração micro-ondas mostraram uma maior porcentagem de varredura (2,44%±36,64), quando o solvente utilizado foi o etanol. Na extração por sonografia, os valores mais elevados 2,07%±74,22 foram observados utilizando-se acetato de etila. Na extração líquido-líquido o maior percentual de varredura (0,61±33,62) foi observado para o solvente acetato de etila. Em geral, os extratos obtidos por extração com micro-ondas apresentaram maior teor de compostos fenólicos (0,04±13,18 a 6,02mg±107,03 GAE/100g). Os resultados obtidos neste projeto indicam que este co-produto pode ser melhor aproveitado para a aplicação como uma fonte de ingredientes funcionais, como suplementos alimentares ou na indústria cosmética, por conterem compostos importantes (sic). / With increasing population and industrial production growth, there is an increasing amount of waste coming from these transformations. The focus of this study will be on the co-products of the winemaking process, known as grape marc. Every year 60 million tons of grape are produced, 80% of which are used in the winemaking process, generating tons of underutilized organic co-products. This is characterized by its high concentrations of phenolic compounds which can be reused as antioxidants. Thus, the main goal of this project was to present the influence of different extraction methods on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of these extracts/fractions. For this, the extractions were performed by microwave, ultrasound and liquid-liquid, with different polarities solvents (ethanol, water, methanol, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate). Moreover, the extract was fractionated with the aid of an open column using silica as stationary phase and different polarities solvents as mobile phase. The chemical characterization was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-Vis detector (CLAE) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Among the main compounds identified are phenolics such as rutin, gallic acid, catechin, and some carboxylates such as linoleic acid and stearic acid. In the extracted extractions we can identify that the ethanol solvent, in all extraction methods, obtained better results regarding the qualification and quantification of chemical compounds in analysis with HPLC-UV. The evaluation of antioxidant capacity was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH •) method. The data obtained by microwave extraction showed a higher percentage of scanning (2,44%±36,64), when the solvent used was ethanol. In the extraction by sonography, the highest values 2,07%±74,22 were observed using ethyl acetate. In the liquid-liquid extraction the highest percentage of sweep (0,61±33,62) was observed for the solvent ethyl acetate. In general, the extracts obtained by extraction with microwaves presented higher levels of phenolic compounds (0,04±13,18 a 6,02mg±107,03 GAE/100g). The results obtained in this project indicate that this co-product can be better utilized for the application as a source of functional ingredients, as food supplements or in the cosmetic industry, because they contain important compounds (sic).

Os vinhos brasileiros, principalmente do Rio Grande do Sul, apresentam, muitas vezes, elevada acidez decorrente da maturação diferente das uvas. Esta acidez é determinada por altas concentrações de ácido málico. Para atenuar a acidez fixa nos vinhos, os mostos são submetidos à fermentação malolática durante ou seguidamente a fermentação alcoólica. Na prática enológica, essa fermentação representa problemas, ocorrendo de forma descontrolada e em muitos casos não chegando a finalizar. Ainda que muitas vezes eficiente, a fermentação malolática espontânea, dependente das bactérias presentes na uva ou na cantina, varia de fermentação para fermentação e de ano para ano, sendo hoje um dos pontos críticos no processo de vinificação. Estirpes de Oenococcus oeni e Lactobacillus sp., espécies de bactérias láticas, são predominantes nesse processo fermentativo. Os parâmetros como pH, dióxido de enxofre (SO2), conteúdo alcoólico e temperatura são os mais importantes que afetam o desempenho dessas bactérias no vinho. Outras espécies bacterianas podem adicionar características indesejáveis no produto final, como a produção de aminas bioativas, odor impertinente e bacteriocinas que inibem a fermentação malolática. Esse trabalho visou a seleção e identificação de bactérias láticas nativas de vinícolas da Serra Gaúcha. Foram isoladas 34 bactérias provenientes de amostras de vinhos que se encontravam em fase de fermentação malolática, e dessas, apenas 16 foram classificadas como láticas, pois apenas essas apresentaram características de catalase negativa, Gram positivas e imóveis. Nem todas as 16 bactérias obtiveram bom crescimento em meio líquido. O ensaio fermentativo de glicose com avaliação da produção de ácido e gás demonstraram que alguns isolados não acidificaram e nem produziram gás. Já o teste de fermentação de carboidratos, que utilizou 14carboidratos, constatou que as bactérias possuem preferência em metabolizar dissacarídeos e monossacarídeos. Nos testes fermentativos em mosto sintético, alguns isolados conseguiram alterar significativamente o pH, reduzindo a acidez, porém não apresentaram turbidez. A fermentação malolática nesse experimento foi acompanhada qualitativamente em cromatografia de papel e, mesmo com problemas de crescimento, alguns isolados conseguiram efetuar uma boa fermentação malolática. Com relação à avaliação da sensibilidade ao metabissulfito de potássio (K2S2O5), diferentes níveis de Ph e diferentes concentrações de etanol, os isolados desenvolveram–se melhor nas concentrações mais baixas de K2S2O5 e em graduação alcóolica menor. Os níveis de pH próximos a 3,5 foram os preferidos para o desenvolvimento bacteriano. A existência da crovinificação em vinho sintético com grau etanólico de 10%, apenas por quatro isolados que demonstraram boa fermentação malolática em mosto, certificou que quanto menor a concentração de álcool, menor também é a interferência na fermentação. Nesse experimento avaliou-se a degradação málica quali/quantitativamente, com utilização de cromatografia de papel e kit enzimático. Houve alteração de pH, comprovando a conversão do ácido málico em lático por todos os isolados. A classificação final dos isolados os enquadrou com as espécies Lactobacillus suebicus, Lactobacillus pentosus e Lactobacillus plantarum. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES / Brazilian wines, mainly from Rio Grande do Sul, often have high acidity due to the different maturation of the grapes. This acidity is determined by high concentrations of malic acid. In order to attenuate the fixed acidity in the wines, the musts are subjected to malolactic fermentation during or after the alcoholic fermentation. In oenological practice, this fermentation represents problems, occurring in an uncontrolled way and in many cases not coming to an end. Although often efficient, spontaneous malolactic fermentation, depending on the bacteria present in the grape or canteen, varies from fermentation to fermentation and from year to year, and is now one of the critical points in the winemaking process. Strains of Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus sp., Species of lactic bacteria, are predominant in this fermentation process. Parameters such as pH, sulfur dioxide (SO2), alcohol content and temperature are the most important that affect the performance of these bacteria in wine. Other bacterial species may add undesirable characteristics to the final product, such as the production of bioactive amines, impertinent odor and bacteriocins that inhibit malolactic fermentation. This work aimed at the selection and identification of native lactic bacteria from the Serra Gaúcha wineries. A total of 34 bacteria were isolated from samples of malolactic fermentation, of which only 16 were classified as lactic acid. Not all 16 bacteria obtained good growth in liquid medium. The fermentative glucose test with evaluation of acid and gas production showed that some isolates did not acidify or produce gas. Already the carbohydrate fermentation test, which used 14 carbohydrates, found that the bacteria have a preference inmetabolizing disaccharides and monosaccharides. In the fermentative tests in synthetic wort, some isolates were able to significantly alter the pH, reducing the cidity, but did not present turbidity. The malolactic fermentation in this experiment was accompanied qualitatively in paper chromatography and, even with growthproblems, some isolates were able to effect a good malolactic fermentation. With respect to the evaluation of the sensitivity to potassium metabisulphite (K2S2O5), different pH levels and different concentrations of ethanol, the isolates were better eveloped at lower concentrations of K2S2O5 and lower alcoholic strength. PH levels near 3.5 were preferred for bacterial development. The existence of microvinification in synthetic wine with 10% ethanolic degree, only by four isolates that demonstrated good malolactic fermentation in must, certified that the lower the alcohol concentration, the lower the interference in the fermentation. In this experiment, the degradation was evaluated qualitatively / quantitatively, using paper chromatography and enzymatic kit. There was a change in pH, confirming the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid by all isolates. The final classification of the isolates included the species Lactobacillus suebicus, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus plantarum

Emerging Technologies Sustainability Assessment (ETSA) is a new technology assessment tool that was developed in order to compare emerging processes or technologies to existing alternatives. It utilizes infoIDlation modules, with the minimum use of resources such as time and money, in order to deteIDline if the process under development is comparatively favourable and should be developed beyond the early conceptual phase. The preliminary ETSA is vital in order to identify the gaps in the existing information and the specific methodologies to be used for data capture and analysis. The use of experimental design tools, such as Design-Expert, can facilitate rapid and efficient collection of necessary data and fits in well with the rationale for the ETSA. Wine distillery effluent (vinasse) is the residue left after alcohol has been distilled from fennented grape juice. It is an acidic, darkly coloured effluent, with a high COD and polyphenol content. The most popular method of disposal of this effluent, land application, is no longer viable due to stricter legislation and pressure on the industry to better manage its wastes. Although the ability of whiterot fungi to degrade a number of pollutants is well-known, fungal treatment of wine distillery effluent is still in the conceptual phase. The perfoIDlance of the fungal remediation system was assessed experimentally in terms of COD removal and laccase production using Design-Expert. Although Pycnoporus sanguine us was found to be most efficient at COD removal (85%) from 30% vinasse, laccase production was low (0.021 U/I). The optimum design for economically viable fungal treatment used Trametespubescens. This fungus was able to remove over 50% of the COD from undiluted vinasse while producing almost 800U/l of the valuable laccase enzyme within three days. Since the effluent from the fungal system did not meet the legal limits for wastewater disposal, a two-stage aerobicanaerobic system is suggested to improve the quality of the effluent prior to disposal. The ETSA was used to assess the fungal technology in relation to the two current methods of vinasse treatment and disposal, namely land application and anaerobic digestion. Based on the ETSA, which considered environmental, social and economic impacts, the fungal system proved to be potentially competitive and further development of the technology is suggested.

As an important part of a nation’s history and culture, South African wine industry contributes vastly towards South Africa’s economy and job creation. However, under the influence of the widespread globalisation, South African wineries have to face many new issues and challenges. How to expand their overseas markets and obtain a sustainable development mode has drawn more attention from South African entrepreneurs in this field. Due to the rapid economic development and the huge population, China can provide a market with enormous potential to South African wineries. The fast growing trade between the two countries can also bring opportunities to South African entrepreneurs to explore the Chinese market. Therefore, it is necessary and vital for South African wineries to understand the Chinese market and the factors that influence wine imports from South Africa before they enter the wine market in China. The research problem addressed in this study was to investigate the factors in the Chinese market that influence wine imports from South Africa. To achieve this objective, a literature study was undertaken to probe the various aspects of the wine market in China, including the characteristics, the status quo and the development trends of this market. The driving factors that attribute to a great increase in wine consumption in China were also explored and discussed. Based on the literature study, a survey questionnaire was developed to obtain the empirical data. By means of comparison and integration of the findings of the empirical survey with the literature study, the results were obtained for solving the research problems. In addition, conclusions and recommendations iii were drawn to assist South African wineries and other marketers in choosing appropriate marketing strategies and avoiding potential risks.

Orientadores: Helena Teixeira Godoy, Carlos Eugenio Daudt / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T11:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Facco_ElizeteMariaPesamosca_D.pdf: 27687746 bytes, checksum: d51d71b95043f23c20948f904cbac415 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

The object of the study is Moravian wine center that will serve as a center of winemaking in South Moravian region and also as a cultural center related to wine and gastronomy. The building is situated in a rowhouse in Brno in the street Hlinky, which has always been associated with the cultivation and production of wine. The building is designed as a multi-functional with a total of five floors and a basement. It also includes parking with automatic parking system.

<p>Poslednjih petnaestak godina, svetski turizam, s obzirom na interes korisnika, uključio je u ponudu vinski segment, koji se pokazao veoma uspe&scaron;nim. Vinski turizam prisutan je u najpoznatijim svetskim vinogradarskim regijama u Italiji, Francuskoj, Nemačkoj, Austriji, Kaliforniji. Svakako ne treba izostaviti Australiju i Novi Zeland koje imaju u poslednjih desetak godina izuzetno razvijen vinski turizam, za koji slobodno možemo da kažemo da zauzima primat u odnosu na druge oblike turizma. Vinski turizam je u Evropi veoma unosan posao. Većina zemalja u na&scaron;em okruženju uspela je da u svojoj sredini uspe&scaron;no re&scaron;i, stimuli&scaron;e i organizuje takozvani &ldquo;vinski turizam&rdquo; stvaranjem &ldquo;vinskih puteva&rdquo;. Srbija kao zemlja, u ovom pogledu, itekako ima &scaron;ta da ponudi stranom i domaćem gostu, ali to mora da bude urađeno tako da se u potpunosti ispune svi standardi za ovaj vid turizma kakav se praktikuje u vinarski razvijenim zemljama Evrope. &ldquo;Vinski putevi Srbije&rdquo; i &ldquo;Vinski putevi Vojvodine&rdquo; sigurno bi značajno doprineli podizanju kvaliteta vina i odrazili bi se povoljno na standard proizvođača kao i svih onih koji bi bili uključeni u ovu akciju. Na&scaron;a zemlja je nekada bila ozbiljna vinska sila. I sada se svaki domaći vinogradar hvali kvalitetom svog, domaćeg vina. Postoje svi uslovi za vinogradarstvo, od klimatskih do geografskih, koji pogoduju nastanku vina odličnog kvaliteta. Prema podacima Republičkog zavoda za statistiku, povr&scaron;ine pod vinogradima u 2005. godini, u Vojvodini bile su 10.875 ha. Od toga u okviru poljoprivrednih preduzeća i zadruga 2.989 ha ili 28%, a kod individualnih proizvođača 7.886 ha ili 72%. U poslednjih desetak godina, nakon propadanja plantaža dru&scaron;tvenih vinograda, javlja se priličan broj individualnih proizvođača grožđa i vina sa savremenim zasadima i vrhunskom proizvodnjom vina. Danas, vinogradarstvo i vinarstvo u Vojvodini, objektivno, tehnički i tehnolo&scaron;ki bitno zaostaje za razvojem u poređenju sa drugim evropskim vinogradsko-vinarskim zemljama. Tek manji pozitivni pomaci prisutni su u privatnom sektoru, kojem nedostaje ozbiljnija podr&scaron;ka dru&scaron;tvene zajednice. Vinogradima nedostaje obnova i modernizacija, i sveukupna revitalizacija.</p> / <p>During the last fifteen years, world tourism included in its offer, considering consumer interest, wine segment which showed as very succesful. Wine tourism is present in well known wine regions of Italy, France, Germany, Austria, California. Australia and New Zealand also shouldn&rsquo;t be omitted for they have, in the last ten years, extremely well developed wine tourism whish holds primacy over all other forms of tourism. Wine tourism in Europe is highly lucrative business. Most countries in our region managed to solve, stimulate and organize so-called &ldquo;wine tourism&rdquo; by creating &ldquo;wine roads&rdquo;. In this regard, Serbia as a country has a lot to offer to foreign and local guests, but it has to be done in accordance with every standard set for this form of tourism which is practiced in every European country with wine making tradition. &bdquo;Wine roads of Serbia&ldquo; and &bdquo;Wine roads of Vojvodina&ldquo; would surely significantly contribute to improving in wine quality and would also reflect favorably on producers&rsquo; standards as well as on standards of everyone involved in this project. Our country used to be an important wine producer. Even now every local grape-grower will praise his own, domestic wine. All requirements for viticulture are set, from climatic to geographic, all of which subserve in making of excellent quality wines. According to Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, in Vojvodina areas under vineyards in year 2005. were 10.875 ha. From that, 2.989 ha, i.e. 28% goes to agricultural enterprises and cooperatives, and 7.886 ha, i.e. 72% goes to agricultural holdings. In the past ten years, after decline of public-owned vineyards, a smart few of individual grape-growers and winemakers appeared with modern varieties of grapes and supreme wine production. Nowadays, viticulture and wine production in Vojvodina is objectively, technically and technologically lagging behind the development compared to other European wine growing and wine producing countries. Only small positive shifts are present in private sector, which lacks serious support from the community. Vineyards lack reconstruction and modernization, and the total revitalization.</p>

During the last few decades, economists have become interested in the wine industry and several of them have focused on the determinants of price. One characteristic that has been identified as an important determinant is expert wine ratings. Much of the previous research on this topic has focused on relating expert grades to the retail price of wine. Using proprietary data, this paper will test whether these grades influence retail prices as well as retailer profits and wholesale pricing. By analyzing an individual wholesale firm in South Florida and their distribution network, this paper determines the effect expert ratings have on these dependent variables. Empirical evidence confirms that expert ratings have a positive effect on wholesale and retail wine prices and that they exhibit a parallel influence on retailer profits. This thesis aims to contribute new information to aid both the end consumers purchasing decisions as well as busi-ness pricing strategies.

No description available.