No abstract available. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Chemistry / unrestricted

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global wine industry has shifted to a more adopted ‘consumer-preference’ production. Modern wine consumers are more knowledgeable and cultivated in their understanding of wine quality, value and style. The quality of red wines mainly depends on grape composition, the wine making process and the ability of tasters to recognise sensory attributes. The harvest date/stage has an influence on the grape composition, thus making the decision on when to harvest an important factor in the production of quality wines or different wine styles. The traditional indicators used in the wine industry to determine time of harvest are more related to the perception of taste and mouthfeel and give little indication of the style of wine in terms of aromatic profile. A new physiological indicator using berry sugar accumulation for the purpose of sequential harvest is proposed to assist the winemaker in producing wines with possible different sensory profiles. This indicator can be used in association with the classical indicators of ripening to affect the diversity of wine styles from a single vineyard or a group of vineyards. The wines could thus have different potential aroma profiles, depending on when the grapes were harvested. The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of performing sequential harvest using a physiological indicator on red wine’s sensory composition. This was done to study the possible relation between harvest time (e.g. fruit composition evolution) and the wine styles/sensory attributes across the different harvest times, thereby possibly increasing the diversity of wine styles. A theoretical berry sugar loading concept was compiled and displays a phase of rapid sugar loading starting at véraison followed by a plateau phase. Depending on whether grapes were harvested in the beginning, mid or end of the plateau phase of fruit sugar accumulation the wines could have different potential aroma profiles. Three main stages: fresh fruit (FF), neutral (N) or pre ripe and mature fruit (MF) has been previously proposed using the sugar loading concept and in terms of harvesting dates. Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes form Eikendal Vineyards, Stellenbosch were used to make wines according to sequential harvest. Four harvest stages were considered, pre fresh fruit (Pre FF), fresh fruit (FF), mature fruit (MF) and over ripe (OR). The wines were tasted and analysed using two different sensory techniques. In both Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines, the PreFF and OR stages could be more easily discriminated than the two harvest stages in-between, FF and MF. The results suggested that the wines made from the FF and MF stages could not be distinguished from each other in general when the attribute citation frequency method or sorting tasks were performed. However, a trend could be observed for both Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines in terms of aroma attributes with attributes changing from green to ripe fruit during ripening using expert tasters. Relevant research should be engaged to refine sequential harvest in order to obtain more diverse wine styles from a single site or a group of vineyards. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreldwye wynbedryf het ’n verskuiwing ondergaan na ’n verbruikersvoorkeurbenadering in produksie. Wynverbruikers is deesdae beter ingelig en meer ontwikkeld ten opsigte van hulle kennis van wyngehalte, wynstyl, asook die waarde van wyn. Die gehalte van rooiwyn hang hoofsaaklik af van die druifsamestelling, die wynmaakproses en die vermoë van proewers om sensoriese eienskappe te herken. Aangesien die oesdatum/-fase ’n invloed het op druifsamestelling, is die besluit oor wanneer daar geoes moet word ’n belangrike faktor in die vervaardiging van gehaltewyne of verskillende wynstyle. Die tradisionele aanwysers wat in die wynbedryf gebruik word om oestyd te bepaal, hou verband met die waarneming van smaak en mondgevoel en gee weinig aanduiding van die wynstyl op grond van die aromatiese profiel. ’n Nuwe fisiologiese aanwyser wat gebruik maak van suikerakkumulasie in die druiwekorrel in opeenvolgende oeste, het ten doel om die wynmaker te help om wyne met verskeie moontlike sensoriese profiele te vervaardig. Hierdie aanwyser kan saam met die klassieke aanwysers van rypwording gebruik word om ’n verskeidenheid wynstyle uit een wingerd of wingerdgroep te vervaardig. Die wyne kan dus potensieel oor verskillende aromatiese profiele beskik, afhangend van wanneer die druiwe geoes is. Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die invloed van opeenvolgende oes te toets deur ’n fisiologiese aanwyser op rooiwyn se sensoriese samestelling toe te pas. Dit word gedoen deur die moontlike verhouding tussen die oestyd (bv. ontwikkeling van vrugsamestelling) en die wynstyle of wyn se sensoriese kenmerke op verskillende oestye te bestudeer ten einde die verskeidenheid wynstyle potensieel te vermeerder. ’n Teoretiese konsep van druifsuikeropname is saamgestel wat dui op ’n fase van vinnige suikeropname wat by véraison begin, gevolg deur ’n plato-fase. Wyn kan oor verskillende moontlike aromatiese profiele beskik, afhangend daarvan of die druiwe aan die begin, middel of einde van die plato-fase van suikeropname geoes is. Drie hooffases is al voorheen voorgestel deur gebruik te maak van die konsep van suikeropname volgens oesdatum, te wete vars vrugte (VV) (“fresh fruit”, FF), neutraal (N) (“neutral”, N) of voor ryp (“pre ripe”), en ryp vrugte (RF) (“mature fruit”, MF). Cabernet Sauvignon- en Merlot-druiwe van Eikendal, Stellenbosch, se wingerde is gebruik om wyn volgens opeenvolgende oes te maak. Vier oesfases is oorweeg, te wete voor vars vrugte (VVV) (“pre fresh fruit”, Pre FF), vars vrugte (VV) (“fresh fruit”, FF), ryp vrugte (RV) (“mature fruit”, MF), en oorryp (OR) (“over ripe”, OR). Die wyn is geproe en geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van twee verskille sensoriese tegnieke. In die geval van beide die Merlot- en Cabernet Sauvignon-wyn kon die VVV- en OR-fases makliker onderskei word as die twee tussenin-fases, VV en RV. Resultate dui daarop dat wyn wat van die VV- en RV-fases gemaak is, oor die algemeen nie van mekaar onderskei kan word wanneer die frekwensie van kenmerkaanhaling-metode en sorteringstaak uitgevoer word nie. ’n Tendens kon egter waargeneem word vir Cabernet Sauvignon- én Merlot-wyn ten opsigte van aromatiese kenmerke, deurdat kenmerke gedurende rypwording van groen na ryp vrugte verander het indien ekspertproewers gebruik is. Verdere navorsing moet gedoen word om opeenvolgende oes te verfyn ten einde ’n wyer verskeidenheid wynstyle van ’n enkele area of wingerdgroep te verkry.

La demande chinoise de vins a profondément marquée le marché du vin depuis la dernière décennie. Cette demande est surtout analysée jusqu'à présent de maniére macro-économique et macro-géographique. Notre thèse s'attache a décrire plus finement cette demande en s'appuyant sur des enquêtes et observations participantes la constitution de la demande chinoise à partir essentiellement de la province du Liaoning. Enfin, un aspect peu connu jusqu'à aujourd'hui est abordé, toujours dans le Liaoning, la place de l'imaginaire du vin dans l'aménagement régional, tant rural qu'urbain. / The thesis is for the object to show that the Chinese demand that has wine in the French vineyard. Geographical analysis distinguishes the diversified demands and enter at a time of social and cultural geography of the appropriation of wine in China and different effects in the vineyards.

Submitted by Karen Britto (karenbritto@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-05-23T14:39:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Michele Bielinski da Silveira - 2018.pdf: 5302836 bytes, checksum: ba3f891e4103ee81a566c4d332766de7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T14:39:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michele Bielinski da Silveira - 2018.pdf: 5302836 bytes, checksum: ba3f891e4103ee81a566c4d332766de7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / O marketing de lugares têm sido uma estratégia adotada por governos, visando melhorar a atratividade de determinados espaços, se utilizando da divulgação de imagens que retratem as suas peculiaridades, atraindo turistas, investidores e interessados. Todavia, as estratégias de marketing de lugares também podem ser desenvolvidas por empresas privadas, as quais ao fomentar seus produtos retratam elementos territoriais, criando valor agregado ao espaço, aumentando a atratividade e incitando o desenvolvimento territorial. Assim, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar de que forma as ações de marketing desenvolvidas pelas empresas vitícolas e vitivinícolas da Região da Campanha Gaúcha têm contribuído para constituir o marketing de lugares e o desenvolvimento territorial. Para tanto, o estudo delimita-se pela análise das empresas que compõe a Associação dos Vinhos da Campanha, se caracteriza pela abordagem qualitativa, método de estudo de caso e possui como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista, o levantamento documental e a observação não participante. Foram realizadas dezessete entrevistas, dez com os gestores ou responsáveis pelas vitícolas e vitivinícolas da Região da Campanha Gaúcha e sete com agentes de desenvolvimento, indivíduos indicados pelos representantes das vitícolas/vitivinícolas como representativos para o desenvolvimento do território e do setor vitivinícola. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre sete de agosto e nove de novembro de 2017. Os dados foram tratados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, gerando categorias temáticas a partir de padrões que emergiram de conteúdos similares entre as entrevistas, documentos e observações, sendo agrupados em categorias sem prévia determinação. Os resultados demonstram que as ações de marketing realizadas pelas vitícolas e vitivinícolas contribuem para o marketing do território, transmitindo por meio de suas divulgações e rótulos de produtos, artefatos e elementos que remetem ao terroir da Região da Campanha Gaúcha. De modo geral, as empresas ainda contribuem realizando ou participando de ações e eventos no território, atraindo a atenção de turistas, investidores e interessados para a região. Apesar dos aspectos positivos, a interação das empresas vitícolas e vitivinícolas com os agentes públicos, privados e sociedade da Região da Campanha Gaúcha necessitam ser fortalecidas, o que contribuirá para o planejamento e execução de ações estratégicas para o fomento e visibilidade do território. As ações de marketing desenvolvidas pelas empresas também têm auxiliado na valorização da marca do território, principalmente no que tange a divulgação de imagens, elementos culturais e históricos que relacionam a tradição e valorização regional com os vinhos e espumantes, contribuindo para o reconhecimento da marca Região da Campanha Gaúcha e construção de sua imagem. O conjunto dessas ações têm impulsionado a atração turística, a valorização da cultura regional e sua relação com a uva e o vinho, a preservação do meio ambiente e a criação de projetos que têm ocasionado a geração de emprego, renda, aumento na arrecadação de impostos e educação voltada a vitivinicultura, impulsionando o desenvolvimento territorial. Por fim, pode-se auferir que as empresas vitícolas e vitivinícolas têm contribuído para o aumento da visibilidade e prosperidade da Região da Campanha Gaúcha, mediante suas ações e estratégias de comunicação, contribuindo para a valorização e marketing do território. / The place marketing has been a strategy adopted by governments, aiming to improve the attractiveness of certain spaces, if using the disclosure of images that portray their peculiarities, attracting tourists, investors and interested parties. However, the place marketing strategies can also be developed by private companies, which in promoting their products portray territorial elements, creating added value to space, increasing attractiveness and encouraging territorial development. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the marketing actions developed by wine and winemaking companies in the Region of the Campanha Gaúcha have contributed to the creation of place marketing and territorial development. Therefore, the study is delimited by the analysis of the companies that make up the Association of Campanha Wines, is characterized by the qualitative approach, method of case study and has as an instrument of data collection the interview, the documentary survey and the observation not participant. Seventeen interviews were carried out, ten of them with the managers or responsibles of the wine and winemaking sectors of the Region of the Campanha Gaúcha and seven with development agents, who were nominated by the representatives of wine/winemakers as representative for the development of the territory and the wine sector. Data were collected between August 7 and November 9, 2017. The data were treated using the content analysis technique, generating thematic categories from patterns that emerged from similar contents between the interviews, documents and observations. grouped into categories without prior determination. The results demonstrate that the marketing actions carried out by the viticulture and wine industries contribute to the marketing of the territory, transmitting through its publicity and product labels, artifacts and elements that refer to the terroir of the Region of the Campanha Gaúcha. In general, companies still contribute by carrying out or participating in actions and events in the territory, attracting the attention of tourists, investors and interested parties to the region. Despite the positive aspects, the interaction of wine and wine companies with the public, private and public agents of the Region of the Campanha Gáucha needs to be strengthened, which will contribute to the planning and execution of strategic actions for the promotion and visibility of the territory. The marketing actions developed by the companies have also helped in the valorization of the brand of the territory, mainly in what concerns the dissemination of images, cultural and historical elements that relate the tradition and regional valorization with the wines and sparkling wines, contributing for the recognition of the brand Region of the Campanha Gaúcha and construction of its image. All these actions have promoted tourism attraction, appreciation of the regional culture and its relationship with grapes and wine, the preservation of the environment and the creation of projects that have caused the generation of employment, income, increase in tax collection and education focused on winemaking, boosting territorial development. Finally, it can be seen that wine and wine companies have contributed to increase the visibility and prosperity of the Region of the Campanha Gaúcha, through its actions and communication strategies, contributing to the valorization and place marketing.

O efeito país de origem é um dos assuntos mais abordados na literatura internacional de negó-cios, marketing e comportamento do consumidor. Diante da importância deste tema, esta pesquisa realizou, utilizando a ferramenta eletroencefalografia, um experimento geral que foi subdividido em três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, buscou-se verificar a influência que a origem de fabricação dos vinhos exercia sobre as atividades cerebrais dos consumidores brasileiros em geral em relação a vinho com a informação de ser do Brasil, da França e sem informação. No segundo experimento, 3(País de origem: Brasil, França e sem informação ) x 2(Gênro: Masculino e Feminino) buscou-se verificar a influência da origem de fabricação sobre as respostas cerebrais dos homens e das mulheres. No terceiro experimento, 3(País de origem: Brasil, França e sem informação ) x 2(Envolvimento: Alto e Baixo) buscou-se verificar esta influência para os consumidores de alto e baixo envolvimento. O vinho utilizado era o mesmo e de origem brasileira. A amostra foi constituída por estudantes da universidade de São Paulo. Como resultados, foram verificados, por meio da análise espectral de potência, que a informação do país de origem não gerou influências significativas para os consumidores em geral e nem para as mulheres nem nenhum dos grupos (experimental e de controle). Mas gerou influência significativas para os homens no grupo experimental. Também foram verificados resultados diferentes para os consumidores de alto e baixo envolvimento. Os consumidores de alto envolvimento prestaram mais atenção a informação do país de origem, contudo esta informação não impactou emocionalmente os consumidores. Já para os consumidores de baixo envolvimento verificou-se diferenças significativas entre o grupo experimental Brasil e França e o grupo de controle França e sem informação. Em termos teóricos, esta pesquisa apresenta uma grande contribuição para a literatura ao conciliar de forma inédita o efeito país de origem com a ferramenta da neurociência EEG. Em termos práticos sugere uma diferenciação das ações de marketing (propaganda, anúncios, campanhas, disponibilização no ponto de venda) sobre os grupos de consumidores / The country-of-origin effect is one of the most addressed issues in the international business literature, marketing and consumer behavior. Considering the importance of this theme, this research carried out, using the electroencephalography tool, a general experiment that was subdivided into three experiments. In the first experiment, it was sought to verify the influence that the origin of wine manufacturing exerted on the brain activities of Brazilian consumers in general in relation to wine with the information of being from Brazil, France and without information. In the second experiment, 3 (Country of origin: Brazil, France and without information) x 2 (Gênro: Male and Female) sought to verify the influence of manufacturing origin on the brain responses of men and women. In the third experiment, 3 (Country of origin: Brazil, France and without information) x 2 (Involvement: High and Low) sought to verify this influence for the consumers of high and low involvement. The wine used was the same and of Brazilian origin. The sample consisted of students from the University of São Paulo. As results, power spectral analysis verified that the information from the country of origin did not generate significant influences for consumers in general, neither for women nor for any of the groups (experimental and control). But it generated significant influence for men in the experimental group. Different results have also been found for high and low involvement consumers. High-involvement consumers paid more attention to home country information, but this information did not impact consumers emotionally. For the low-involvement consumers, there were significant differences between the experimental group Brazil and France and the control group France and without information. In theoretical terms, this research presents a great contribution to the literature in unprecedented reconciliation of the country of origin effect with the EEG neuroscience tool. In practical terms, it suggests a differentiation of marketing actions (advertising, ads, campaigns, availability at the point of sale) on consumer groups

O efeito país de origem é um dos assuntos mais abordados na literatura internacional de negó-cios, marketing e comportamento do consumidor. Diante da importância deste tema, esta pesquisa realizou, utilizando a ferramenta eletroencefalografia, um experimento geral que foi subdividido em três experimentos. No primeiro experimento, buscou-se verificar a influência que a origem de fabricação dos vinhos exercia sobre as atividades cerebrais dos consumidores brasileiros em geral em relação a vinho com a informação de ser do Brasil, da França e sem informação. No segundo experimento, 3(País de origem: Brasil, França e sem informação ) x 2(Gênro: Masculino e Feminino) buscou-se verificar a influência da origem de fabricação sobre as respostas cerebrais dos homens e das mulheres. No terceiro experimento, 3(País de origem: Brasil, França e sem informação ) x 2(Envolvimento: Alto e Baixo) buscou-se verificar esta influência para os consumidores de alto e baixo envolvimento. O vinho utilizado era o mesmo e de origem brasileira. A amostra foi constituída por estudantes da universidade de São Paulo. Como resultados, foram verificados, por meio da análise espectral de potência, que a informação do país de origem não gerou influências significativas para os consumidores em geral e nem para as mulheres nem nenhum dos grupos (experimental e de controle). Mas gerou influência significativas para os homens no grupo experimental. Também foram verificados resultados diferentes para os consumidores de alto e baixo envolvimento. Os consumidores de alto envolvimento prestaram mais atenção a informação do país de origem, contudo esta informação não impactou emocionalmente os consumidores. Já para os consumidores de baixo envolvimento verificou-se diferenças significativas entre o grupo experimental Brasil e França e o grupo de controle França e sem informação. Em termos teóricos, esta pesquisa apresenta uma grande contribuição para a literatura ao conciliar de forma inédita o efeito país de origem com a ferramenta da neurociência EEG. Em termos práticos sugere uma diferenciação das ações de marketing (propaganda, anúncios, campanhas, disponibilização no ponto de venda) sobre os grupos de consumidores / The country-of-origin effect is one of the most addressed issues in the international business literature, marketing and consumer behavior. Considering the importance of this theme, this research carried out, using the electroencephalography tool, a general experiment that was subdivided into three experiments. In the first experiment, it was sought to verify the influence that the origin of wine manufacturing exerted on the brain activities of Brazilian consumers in general in relation to wine with the information of being from Brazil, France and without information. In the second experiment, 3 (Country of origin: Brazil, France and without information) x 2 (Gênro: Male and Female) sought to verify the influence of manufacturing origin on the brain responses of men and women. In the third experiment, 3 (Country of origin: Brazil, France and without information) x 2 (Involvement: High and Low) sought to verify this influence for the consumers of high and low involvement. The wine used was the same and of Brazilian origin. The sample consisted of students from the University of São Paulo. As results, power spectral analysis verified that the information from the country of origin did not generate significant influences for consumers in general, neither for women nor for any of the groups (experimental and control). But it generated significant influence for men in the experimental group. Different results have also been found for high and low involvement consumers. High-involvement consumers paid more attention to home country information, but this information did not impact consumers emotionally. For the low-involvement consumers, there were significant differences between the experimental group Brazil and France and the control group France and without information. In theoretical terms, this research presents a great contribution to the literature in unprecedented reconciliation of the country of origin effect with the EEG neuroscience tool. In practical terms, it suggests a differentiation of marketing actions (advertising, ads, campaigns, availability at the point of sale) on consumer groups

The research project, Optimization of an array of Peptidic Indicator Displacement Assays for the Discrimination of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines, describes the multiple step lab trials conducted to optimize an array of ensembles composed of synthesized peptides and PCV:Cu+2 complexes for the differentiation of seven Cabernet Sauvignon wines with different tannin levels. This report also includes the methods and analysis used. The analysis interpreted by principal component analysis. / text

No description available.

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