La Barge à queue noire Limosa limosa est un oiseau limicole communément rencontré tout au long de l’année sur le territoire Français. Les individus présents sur la partie ouest de l’Europe sont représentés par deux sous-espèces : la sous-espèce L. l. limosa, dite barge à queue noire « continentale », est principalement observée pendant les phases de migration et en très faibles effectifs reproducteurs sur les marais ouest Atlantique; la sous-espèce L. l. islandica, dite « islandaise », est quant à elle, exclusivement présente en hivernage le long des côtes atlantiques et de la Manche. L’étude menée au cours de ces travaux de thèse porte principalement sur la barge « islandaise » en dehors de la période de reproduction sur les sites d’hivernage le long de la façade atlantique Française. Contrairement à L. l. limosa, la population de L. l. islandica connaît sur l’ensemble de son aire de répartition, une expansion aussi bien en termes d’effectif qu’en nombre de sites fréquentés. La synthèse des effectifs nationaux hivernants montre que la population hivernante en France suit cette même tendance, avec une progression de 1350 à 27000 individus au cours des vingt dernières années. Actuellement, la France accueille environ 30 % de la population sur un nombre de sites grandissant mais néanmoins restreint, principalement représentés par les Réserves Naturelles littorales abritant des vasières intertidales utilisés comme zone d’alimentation. À partir de données biométriques, génétiques ou encore des historiques de vie des oiseaux équipés de bagues couleurs, les périodes de présence des deux populations sur le territoire Français ont pu être mis à jour. De plus, au sein de la sous-espèce islandaise, plusieurs durées d’hivernage en France ont été avancées, pouvant varier de 2 à 8 mois selon les individus. La phénologie des effectifs étudiée sur chacun des sites suggère une utilisation très variée des sites ainsi que de nombreux échanges entre ces sites au cours d’un même hiver. Couramment utilisée dans la compréhension de la distribution des populations d’oiseaux, la disponibilité de la ressource trophique a également été étudiée au regard du régime alimentaire de la Barge queue noire à partir d’échantillonnages de macrofaune, de collecte de fèces mais aussi d’analyses d’isotopes stables. Au cours de l’hiver, à l’échelle des Pertuis Charentais, les barges montrent deux régimes distincts mais néanmoins monospécifiques. Elles s’alimentent de rhizomes de zostères (Zostera noltii) sur les herbiers des vasières de l’Ile de Ré et de bivalves (Macoma balthica) sur les vasières nues. Au cours de l’hiver, il est supposé que la déplétion de ces ressources conduit à une redistribution des effectifs de barges sur de nouvelles zones d’alimentation voire de nouveaux reposoirs. Les deux régimes alimentaires sont majoritairement retrouvés à l’échelle de la distribution nationale des barges. Néanmoins, leurs distributions au sein des sites français dépend des caractéristiques sédimentaires, des interactions intra et interspécifiques, de la disponibilité de reposoirs de marée haute et des dérangements tels que la chasse. Ce travail a permis d’établir de solides connaissances et aboutit à la collecte de données détaillées et complémentaires qui vont permettre de tester les modèles théoriques de distribution spatiale des organismes à l’échelle d’une région de leur aire de distribution. / The Black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa is a shorebird species commonly observed in France throughout the year. Two sub-species are dissociated in West European. The so called “continental” Godwit L. l. limosa is observed in France during migration cycles and some pairs breed in marshes on the Atlantic coast; the so called “Icelandic” Godwit winters exclusively along coast of the Western Europe. This present work mainly investigates the wintering ecology of Icelandic–godwit in coastal mudflats of France. Contrarily to the continental sub-species, the whole Icelandic-godwit L. l. islandica population increased quantitatively as long as the number of sites used. In France, national counts pointed out that wintering population follows this trend and have increased from 1350 to 27000 individuals during the last twenty years. This population represents now around 30% of the whole islandica population but individuals stage in large flocks in a very limited number of sites, mainly included in Nature Reserves. From standard biometrics, molecular analyses and resighting data, phenologies of the both sub-species can then be specified for France. Furthermore, this study allowed to define how long the wintering period lasts in France for Icelandic-Godwits, between 2 and 8 months depending on individuals. Phenology at site scale suggested that godwits used several sites throughout the winter. As currently used for understanding the distribution of bird populations, trophic resource availability was studied in regard to the diet of the Black-tailed godwit from macrofauna sampling, droppings collection and stable isotope analyses. At the Pertuis Charentais scale, two feeding behaviors were clearly distinguished: seagrass grazing (Zostera notlii) or bivalve probing (Macoma balthica). Food depletion along the winter is expected to lead to the decrease of local populations, and to the selection of new feeding area or roost. Considering the distribution of the species at the national level, the diets were recorded depending on the mudflats’ characteristics. Even if food distribution is commonly used to understand at first the bird population distribution, our observations point out that, here at a local level, more parameters may influence the wintering distribution such as sediment characteristics, intra and inter-specific interactions, high tide roosts availability and human disturbances as the hunt. This work allowed to establish a solid knowledge and to collect many complementary data to test the distribution theories on the Black-tailed Godwit population wintering in France.

5 Abstract This thesis is aimed at spatial variability of population structure of our four most common and the most numerous species of ducks wintering in the Czech Republic. These analysed species are Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) and Northern Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula). The field data were collected by January International Waterbird Census in the Czech Republic between 2004 and 2013. Analysed habitat variables include: type of wetland, altitude, population size, level of urbanisation (size of settlement) and mean January air temperature in the investigated site. There was found no significant effect of type of wetland and local population density on population structure in any of these bird species. The next factor, altitude of sites was confirmed as significant only for Mallards, when increasing altitude decreased proportion of males in the population. Furthermore, effect of urbanization was found also in Mallard, when proportions of males increased with level of urbanization, i.e. in larger cities. Finally, , temperature of sites was confirmed to be significant factor affecting population size in the three analyzed species, i.e. in Mallard, Tufted Duck and Northern Goldeneye. Except Common Merganser, ratio of males grew with...

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:49:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana R A Cararo.pdf: 2592961 bytes, checksum: 333a7a523e628bcfb0cede0bd365f0a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / ABSTRACT: The Wintering Armory Quilombola community of Tile was founded in 1868, when the Group of thirteen freed slaves took over the land area of Wintering Armory of tile, located in the municipality of Reserva do Iguaçu, Paraná, left in inheritance to the same, by his former mistress, Balbina Francisca de Siqueira, as testament dating from 1860. Currently the community is composed of about 350 families, which are divided into four nuclei (Guarapuava, pinion, Settlement and Embankment), waiting for the completion of the process of titling their territory, initiated in 2005, Is by the INCRA. Since they had to leave their land in 1975, the community sought to retrieve them, promoting several lawsuits, without, however, succeed. The last alternative fetched then, like so many other Rural Black Communities, fighting to be recognised, respected and kept the areas that traditionally occupy, went to fitness for existing legislation. Article 68 ADCT, included in the Federal Constitution of 1988, after mobilization of the black movement, ensures permanent land titling that are occupying the remaining Quilombo Communities calls. After signing the Decree 4,887/2003, communities such as the Wintering Armory of tile that were no longer in their land, have been given the right to have them in physical form, using the principle of attribution. In this way, this work aims to show the importance the quilombola legislation, principally the Decree 4,887, has for these black rural communities, which for years struggling to get possession of the Earth. / A Comunidade Quilombola Invernada Paiol de Telha foi constituída em 1868, quando o grupo de treze escravos libertos assumiu a área de terra da Invernada Paiol de Telha, localizada atualmente no município de Reserva do Iguaçu, Paraná, deixada em herança para os mesmos, pela sua antiga senhora, Balbina Francisca de Siqueira, conforme testamento datado de 1860. Atualmente a Comunidade é composta por cerca de trezentas e cinquenta famílias, que estão distribuídas em quatro núcleos (Guarapuava, Pinhão, Assentamento e Barranco), a espera da conclusão do processo de titulação do seu Território Quilombola, iniciado em 2005, junto ao INCRA. Desde que tiveram de sair das suas terras em 1975, a Comunidade procurou reavê-las, promovendo diversas ações judiciais, sem, no entanto, obterem êxito. A última alternativa buscada então, a exemplo de tantas outras Comunidades Rurais Negras, que lutam para terem reconhecidas, respeitadas e tituladas as áreas que tradicionalmente ocupam, foi à adequação a Legislação vigente. O Artigo 68 ADCT, incluído na Constituição Federal de 1988, após mobilização do Movimento Negro, garante a titulação definitiva das terras que estejam ocupando as chamadas Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombo. Após a assinatura do Decreto 4.887/2003, comunidades como a Invernada Paiol de Telha que não estavam mais em suas terras, passaram a ter o direito de tê-las tituladas, utilizando-se do principio da auto atribuição. Deste modo, este trabalho objetiva mostrar a importância que a legislação quilombola, principalmente o Decreto 4.887, tem para essas comunidades rurais negras, que há anos lutam para conseguir a posse da terra.

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Graduation date: 1993

Ο Μαυροπετρίτης (Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839) είναι ένα μεσαίου μεγέθους μεταναστευτικό γεράκι το οποίο επισκέπτεται τη χώρα μας τους καλοκαιρινούς μήνες για να αναπαραχθεί. Οι αναπαραγωγικές αποικίες εντοπίζονται σε νησιά και ακτές της Μεσογείου, της Μακαρονησίας και της βορειοδυτικής Αφρικής, ενώ τους υπόλοιπους μήνες το είδος απαντά στη Μαδαγασκάρη και γειτονικές περιοχές. Στο παρελθόν έχει πραγματοποιηθεί ένας μεγάλος αριθμός μελετών σχετικά με την περίοδο αναπαραγωγής, ενώ για τον υπόλοιπο κύκλο ζωής του είδους οι γνώσεις μας μέχρι τις αρχές του 21ου αιώνα ήταν περιορισμένες. Στην παρούσα διατριβή μελετώνται τα βασικότερα στάδια του κύκλου ζωής του Μαυροπετρίτη, επικεντρώνοντας στην περίοδο αναπαραγωγής, μετανάστευσης και διαχείμασης ατόμων που αναπαράγονται στην Ελλάδα. Συγκεκριμένα, διερευνάται (α) η αναπαραγωγική επιτυχία του είδους και η επίδραση περιβαλλοντικών παραγόντων στην έκβαση της αναπαραγωγικής επιτυχίας, (β) το πρότυπο κατανομής των αναπαραγωγικών αποικιών στο Αιγαίο και Ιόνιο πέλαγος, (γ) τα κριτήρια που χρησιμοποιούν τα αναπαραγωγικά ζευγάρια κατά την επιλογή θέσης φωλιάσματος σε ακατοίκητες νησίδες του Αιγαίου πελάγους, (δ) η περίοδος μετανάστευσης τεσσάρων γερακιών από μια αποικία του Κεντρικού Αιγαίου και οι παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν το πρότυπο μετανάστευσής τους και, (ε) η περίοδος διαχείμασης και το πρότυπο κατανομής των τεσσάρων γερακιών στην περιοχή διαχείμασης. Η εκπόνηση της παρούσας διατριβής βασίσθηκε σε μεγάλο βαθμό στα πρωτογενή δεδομένα που συλλέχθηκαν στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος «LIFE - ΦΥΣΗ 2003 Δράσεις για την προστασία του Μαυροπετρίτη (Falco eleonorae) στην Ελλάδα (LIFE 03NAT/GR/000091)», με κύριο ανάδοχο την Ελληνική Ορνιθολογική Εταιρεία (Ε.Ο.Ε.) σε συνεργασία με το Μουσείο Φυσικής Ιστορίας Κρήτης (ΜΦΙΚ), το Υπουργείο Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης και Τροφίμων και τη Βρετανική Ορνιθολογική Εταιρεία (RSPB) και με χρηματοδότηση της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής και συγχρηματοδότηση του ιδρύματος «Α. Γ.Λεβέντης». Το πρόγραμμα παρακολούθησης της μετανάστευσης των τεσσάρων Μαυροπετριτών πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πλαίσιο του προγράμματος «Μελέτη των πτηνών του ελληνικού θαλάσσιου χώρου» με ανάδοχο την Ελληνική Ορνιθολογική Εταιρεία και με χρηματοδότηση του ιδρύματος «Α. Γ. Λεβέντης». / Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839) is a medium-sized migratory raptor that visits the Greek islands during the breeding season. Its breeding colonies are distributed on islands and coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, Macaronesia and northwest Africa, while during the rest of the year the species is found in Madagascar and surrounding islets. In previous years most studies focused on the breeding period, while up to the 21st century our knowledge with regards to the rest of its life cycle remained relatively poor. In this thesis i study the main stages of Eleonora's falcon life cycle, focusing on the breeding, migratory and wintering period of individuals that breed in Greece. In particular, i investigate (a) the breeding success of the species and the effect of environmental factors on the outcome of the breeding effort, (b) the distribution pattern of the breeding colonies in the Aegean and Ionean Sea, (c) the criteria the breeding pairs use at the time of nesting site selection in uninhabited islets of the Aegean Sea, (d) the migratory period of four falcons originating from a breeding colony of the Central Aegean Sea and the factors that shape the irmigratory pattern and, (e) the wintering period and the distribution pattern of the four falcons in their wintering grounds. This thesis was based to a great extent on the data collected in the frame of the project "LIFE-Nature 2003 Conservation Measures for Falco eleonorae in Greece (LIFE 03NAT/GR/000091)" undertaken by the Hellenic Ornithological Society (H.O.S.) in collaboration with the Natural History Museum of Crete (NHMC), the Ministry of Rural Development and Food and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), which was funded by the European Commission and cofunded by the A.G. Leventis Foundation. The migration tracking project was funded by the A.G. Leventis Foundation through project "Survey and Conservation of Seabirds in Greece".

This thesis examines the early work of poets Leonard Cohen and Seamus Heaney in light of their treatment of mythology, ritual, and mythologization, moving either from personal to political awareness (Heaney), or from political to personal awareness (Cohen). Heaney, writing in the midst of the Irish Troubles throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, slowly works up to political awareness as the situation from which he is writing becomes more dire. By contrast, Cohen writes during the beginnings of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec, from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, moving progressively farther away from the highly political and mythologized work of his first book. This thesis analyzes both poets first four books of poetry and how each poet addresses the politics of his historical time and place as a minority figure: an Irish Catholic in Northern Ireland, and an Anglophone Jew in Montreal, respectively. Ultimately, each poet chooses to mythologize and use traditional mythologies as a means of addressing contemporary horrors before being poetically (and politically) exhausted by the spiritual and mental exertion involved in the "poetry of disfigurement."

This thesis examines the early work of poets Leonard Cohen and Seamus Heaney in light of their treatment of mythology, ritual, and mythologization, moving either from personal to political awareness (Heaney), or from political to personal awareness (Cohen). Heaney, writing in the midst of the Irish Troubles throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, slowly works up to political awareness as the situation from which he is writing becomes more dire. By contrast, Cohen writes during the beginnings of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec, from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, moving progressively farther away from the highly political and mythologized work of his first book. This thesis analyzes both poets first four books of poetry and how each poet addresses the politics of his historical time and place as a minority figure: an Irish Catholic in Northern Ireland, and an Anglophone Jew in Montreal, respectively. Ultimately, each poet chooses to mythologize and use traditional mythologies as a means of addressing contemporary horrors before being poetically (and politically) exhausted by the spiritual and mental exertion involved in the "poetry of disfigurement."