The origin of the Silverpit structure, UK North Sea has been contested since its discovery on seismic data in 2002. The Silverpit structure consists of a 3 - 4km central zone of deformation, which includes a conical uplift. This is surrounded by a series of ring faults up to a maximum diameter of 20km. Meteorite impact, evaporite withdrawal, pull-apart basin tectonics and halokinesis tectonics have all been suggested as possible origins. This thesis uses a multi-discipline approach to test these hypotheses and determine with certainty the origin of the Silverpit structure. Seismic interpretation of the Silverpit structure has highlighted that deformation in the central deformation zone and beneath the structure is comparable with other meteorite craters. However, the ring faults are comparable with other structures formed by regional evaporite dissolution and movement. Seismic interpretation on a regional, 3500km2 scale proved that the structure is unique and that salt movement was taking place at the same time as the Silverpit structure was created. Unusual diagenesis in the chalk beneath the Silverpit structure was identified as a result of the presence of both unusual geophysical and geochemical signatures. An anomalous sonic log response is attributed to a significantly decreased porosity at the base of the chalk unit. Anomalously negative stable oxygen isotopes were also found in the chalk beneath the structure. Unusually elevated heat flow is the likely cause of these irregularities. The evidence presented in this thesis leads to the conclusion that the origin of the Silverpit structure is in fact two-phase. Meteorite impact has lead to the formation of the central zone of deformation and conical uplift. It has also influenced the diagenesis of the chalk beneath the crater and created a more brittle chalk unit. Regional salt withdrawal is responsible for the formation of the ring faults, which have only formed in the meteorite impact induced brittle chalk. In simple terms, a meteorite impact formed the 3km crater and then salt withdrawal produced the circular rings during several million years after the impact.

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(DSM-IV-TR/) nor in withdrawal scales. However, a related term, "impatience" is listed in some nicotine withdrawal scales. (Hughes J. R., Measurements of the Effects of Abstinence from Tobacco: A Qualitative Review, 2007). Although impatience is not a synonym of impulsivity, both share the synonym "impetuous". Therefore, impatience can be considered a measure of impulsivity. Although some reviews of the effect of smoking cessation on impatience have occurred, we know of no quantitative review of prospective studies of whether smoking cessation increases impatience. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on impatience as measured by the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale-Revised (MNWS). Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMED), EMBASE, and PsychInfo was conducted. Articles containing relevant keywords were reviewed by two evaluators independently. To be considered for inclusion in the meta-analysis, studies had to be prospective studies, had to have pre-cessation impatience measurements, to include at least overnight abstinence, had to have smoking abstinence biochemically verified, and had to include effect size as an outcome measure. Results: All pooled analyses were based on random-effects models. Seven trials met the selection criteria. The total number of subjects was 426. There was a significant level of heterogeneity among studies (X2(6), pI2= 89%). The summary mean effect for impatience after tobacco cessation was an increase of .44 on a 0-3 scale (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.67) and a p-value Conclusion: The meta-analysis shows that impulsivity increases post smoking cessation. These findings imply that smoking cessation may have an effect on decision making. Additionally higher rates of impulsivity have been associated with smoking relapse. (Doran, Spring, McChargue, Peradia, & Richmond, 2004). In order to better assist in the development of individual treatments, a better understanding is needed of how increased impulsivity influences cognitive behavior and relapse rates. These findings support the inclusion of impulsivity as a criterion for nicotine withdrawal.

Exclusion And Withdrawal of Members And Cancellation of Their Membership In a Limited Liability Company Abstract This thesis aims to analyze current legislation of exclusion and withdrawal of members and cancellation of their membership in a limited liability company. Although comparing the current legislation with the previous one is not the purpose of the thesis, such comparison is provided in several places. The purpose is to show the same or, conversely, different features of both, particularly in relation to the applicability of existing case law and doctrinal interpretation. The work consists of three main chapters that form a coherent wholes. The first chapter is devoted to the withdrawal of a member of a limited liability company and is further divided into several sub-chapters. It deals with the legal aspects of the withdrawal of a member under the Czech legislativ. It describes in detail the various reasons of the withdrawal and also offers some suggestions de lege ferenda. The second chapter focuses on the exclusion of a shareholder of a limited liability company by the general meeting. It brings an analysis of legislation, describes the procedure of exclusion and analyzes the available case law. The third chapter, entitled "Termination of participation of a member of a limited liability company...

Withdrawal from contract in business relations (consequences) Summary Withdrawal from a contract i the instute available to parties that find a contract to be unsound or damaging and that seek to be released from their contractual obligations. The conditions under which a party has the right to withdraw from a contract can be set out in the contract itself, but if the contract does not make specific provision for this then a right to withdrawal may be mandated by law. Following a party's withdrawal from a contract, both (or all) parties will find themselves in a new situation with new mutual rights and obligations. This paper focuses on the regulations governing the consequences of withdrawal from a contract as set out in the Czech Commercial Code. A major aspect of this is an analysis of the theoretical conception of withdrawal ex nunc (one of the most important legal concepts distinguishing current commercial regulations from the regulations set out in the General Civil Code). This paper examines the obligations that end with contract withdrawal, the obligations that survive and outlast the termination of a contract, and the new obligations that bind and affect the parties to the contract once the contract has been terminated by withdrawal. In these contexts, the fate of hedging instruments (such as...

The aim of this (diploma) thesis is to compare the withdrawal from a contract according to the Civil Code on one hand and the Commercial Code on the other hand. In addition to this aim the thesis compares the withdrawal from a contract and the dismissal of a contract and critically deals with contemporary valid legislation. This thesis reminds a judicial development of this institute. Mentioning all the above aspects it evaluates legislation of withdrawal from a contract in the new Civil Code. Providing of all these aspects this thesis tries to help to map the developing statement at the final stage of transformation of Czech civil law and to collect crucial issues to evaluate the given thesis. The thesis analyses several aspects of the withdrawal from a contract - conditions of its application, reasons and consequences of this withdrawal and a limitation of actions. In addition it examines a cancellation fee as a special consequence of the withdrawal from contract. After a detailed investigation of legislation in the Civil Code and in the Commercial Code it emerged that the legislation in the Commercial Code is more precise and closer to a modern conception of contractual law. Considering modern contractual law legislation in the new Civil Code could also be positively evaluated. It has been...

This research will be of interest to global higher education policy makers, researchers and practitioners engaged in student retention, widening access and managing strategic interventions to deliver step improvements in performance. Widening access policies continue to have contemporary relevance. Effectively and efficiently reducing student non-continuation rates, without compromising widening access performance, remains a challenge for many HEIs. A new system level Management Model for Improving Student Retention Performance and its supporting performance framework is derived from empirical data gathered from a longitudinal instrumental case study and informed by the literature. They have specific validity for HEIs with strong widening access performances and general applicability to others. The dominant theoretical model informing the research is Tinto's longitudinal model of institutional departure (Tinto, 1993). The Management Model for Improving Student Retention Performance is presented around three primary categories: students, faculty and institution. Each interacts with each other and operates within individual and mutually inclusive environmental systems. There is also a supporting Improving Student Retention KPI Framework and Improving Student Retention Performance Monitoring Information System to provide the mechanisms and tools that influence the effective and efficient application of the model to deliver a step improvement in student retention. Evidence of considerable improvements [50%] in student retention performances1 for widening access students is evidenced by the case institution which is not shared by comparable HEIs in Wales. Two new performance indicators are also derived: the Specific Widening Participation Indicator (SWPi) and the Multiple Widening Participation Index (MWPi). These support a new paradigm for understanding widening access and student non- continuation performances and challenge the algorithm used to calculate institution non-continuation benchmarks. They are included in the new performance framework and inform the third primary research contribution which exposes the significant discrepancies between the funding allocations made by HEFCW, the demands on HEIs relating to widening participation policy and the extent of their MWPi>0 and retention performances. Incongruence between HEFCW funding methodology and Welsh policy is evidenced.

abstract: Nicotine and tobacco use, whether it be through cigarette smoking or other devices, creates negative health conditions in pilots. The literature that was reviewed pertained to nicotine withdrawal symptoms and their negative impact on pilot performance. There have been studies conducted in order to explore how these symptoms impact pilot performance using cigarettes as the only nicotine device and does not specify the nicotine levels or the frequency of use. This thesis extends this work to examine the relationship between the nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the nicotine behaviors of pilots. It was hypothesized that the extent of withdrawal symptoms may differ by device and by nicotine levels and frequency of use, with higher levels and more frequent use being associated with more severe withdrawal symptoms. These behaviors included the device they use to take nicotine whether it be cigarettes, vaporizers, e-cigarettes, or smokeless tobacco. The behaviors also included exploration of how nicotine levels relate to withdrawal symptoms whether the nicotine level is as low as 3mg or high as 36mg. The last relationship that was explored was that between the withdrawal symptoms presented in pilots and how often they used nicotine, whether it be often as every day or less frequent as 1-2 times a year. It was found that there is no statistical relationship between nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the nicotine habits such as device used, nicotine level used, and frequency of use. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Engineering 2019

Children with language impairment (LI) are more likely to be socially withdrawn than their typically-developing peers. This withdrawal can lead to negative outcomes later in life. This study focuses on a subtype of withdrawal labeled as solitary-pretend play, which involves parallel play and solitary-dramatizing. The effectiveness of the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS) to measure the construct of solitary-pretend play was considered in a group of 256 children. First, confirmatory factor analysis was used on the entire sample to assess the TBRS questions. The TBRS ratings of 128 children with LI and 128 typically developing peers were then compared, with group and gender as variables. The analyses revealed that the TBRS items intended to measure solitary-pretend play grouped together to measure a single construct. Additionally, significant differences were observed between the groups of children with LI and their typically-developing peers. There was also a significant difference between boys and girls. The interaction between these variables was not significant. These results demonstrated that the TBRS is a viable measure of solitary-pretend play in children and that children with LI are rated as demonstrating higher levels of solitary-pretend play that their typical peers. Boys were also rated as demonstrating more instances of solitary-pretend play compared to girls. This study suggests that the TBRS is an effective way to quickly identify instances of solitary-pretend play in children and that children with LI and boys are more likely to demonstrate instances of solitary-pretend play, which will lead to the needed referrals and interventions to help manage these behaviors. Further research is required to determine the extent to which the influence of group and age has on solitary-pretend play and the extent to which each of the subtypes of withdrawal relate one to another.