Previous literature discussing Japanese women's language (JWL) has shown that it is an ideal more than an existing genderlect (Inoue 2006; Nakamura 2007). As a social construct, it has been rendered a powerful truth through institutionalized practices and representations as well as individual negotiations. JWL, a cultural knowledge about how women speak, has been dynamically constructed in certain spatio-temporal intersections (Inoue 2003, 2004a, 2004b, 2006; Washi 2004). Mass media have served as one of the influential sites of production and reproduction of the discourses that naturalize indexical orders of JWL of the given temporality. The purpose of this study was to reveal how modern female speakers of Japanese negotiate the presented media discourses and contribute to recontextualization of JWL discourses through metapragmatic narratives. Three participants were asked to analyze the speech styles of two female characters from a TV drama in terms of linguistic femininity, and to discuss what it means to speak feminine to them. The participants' written scene analysis data, individual interviews, and the focus group discussion were triangulated in order to effectively uncover and denaturalize the intertwined discourses of feminine speech and JWL. The participants' metapragmatic narratives were examined based on the principles of the discourse centered approach (Sherzer 1987), shedding light on their dynamic articulations of JWL discourses. The participants' scene analyses in terms of femininity and generalization of what consists of femininity showed both interpersonal and intrapersonal similarities and differences. Simultaneously, the participants' metadiscursive narratives revealed some contradictory discourses around JWL: discourse of JWL in the contemporary Japanese society and discourse of JWL as cultural heritage. In the articulation of these discourses, the imagined continuity of JWL is romanticized as a cultural heritage, so the semiotic value of JWL is that of an icon of an ideal woman. However, the participants also acknowledged the structural transformation of Japanese society and the higher socioeconomic status of modern women, which naturalizes the masculinization of women's speech to keep up with men. These two contrastive discourses make JWL a vicarious language, through which the participants appreciate the continuity of JWL in the future.

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the use of the verbal hedge "you know" in the spontaneous speech of women and drag queens to compare for instances of certainty and uncertainty as described by Holmes (1986). For the data, episodes of the reality shows RuPaul’s Drag Race Untucked which airs on Logo TV and The Real Housewives of Orange County which airs on Bravo TV were manually transcribed by the conventions of written speech. The use of "you know" was then analyzed by function and context. In the results of this study, the women used "you know" to express uncertainty more often than the drag queens, except not in the way Lakoff (2004) described as being an aspect of "women’s language." The drag queens used "you know" more often to express certainty. However, when used to express uncertainty its use by the drag queens was more relevant to "women’s language" as described by Lakoff (2004) or an exaggerated performance of femininity.

In the hands of two prominent authors, Elizabeth Inchbald and Frances Burney, a critical paradox concerning female silence arises: while both authors operate very successfully in the publishing world, both do so while subverting impositions of silence, exhibiting a clear breach of propriety. An examination of Inchbald's novel A Simple Story and play Wives as they Were, Maids as they Are and Burney's novel Cecilia and play The Witlings, elucidates how each author adapts literary genres to portray female wit, exposing eighteenth-century impositions of silence in the process. By engendering female characters with the ability to employ humor as young women, Burney and Inchbald develop characters with agency and articulation.

This diploma thesis focuses on the sociolinguistic analysis of the language of female characters in a play, musical and film. The theoretical part summarizes sociolinguistic literature and it also scrutinizes the current findings of the influence of gender, social class and identity on language. These concepts are discussed both from linguistic and sociological point of view. The practical part is aimed at the analysis of woman's language in George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion and its two adaptations, the musical My Fair Lady and the film Pretty Woman. It deals with the change of the main characters that become representatives of upper social class. The change is discussed diachronically in terms of language, especially pronunciation, lexis, grammar and style, but also in terms of identity and social class.

Данная работа на соискание степени магистра написана на тему «Особенности мужской и женской разговорной речи на материале киноповести В.Шукшина «Калина красная». Основным материалом послужил художественый текс В.Шукшина «Калина красная», а именно диялоги главных персонажей Егора и Любы, a также статистические данные, полученные путем исследований, проведенных в течение последних дватцати лет лингвистами. В работе выдвигается несколько целей, главная из которых – рассмотреть особенности мужской и женской разговорной речи главных персонажей в художественом тексте В.Шукшина «Калина красная». В процессе работы были рассмотрены теоретические основы мужской и женской речи, проведен анализ речи главных персонажей Егора и Любы в киноповести В.Шукшина. Анализ показал конкретные стилистические, лексические, морфологические, словооброзовательные, синтаксические различия мужской и женской речи. Однако очевидно стало, что беспорное влияния на речь имеет, социальная принадлежность говорящего. Тема этой работы, на сегодня, очень актуальна, т.к. это относительно новая отрасль в гуманитарном знании, которая достаточно активно развивается. Этой проблематикой должен быть заинтересован каждый, потому как все это связано с каждой личностью, его характером пола, возраста, этноса и т.д. / Magistro darbą parašė – Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto, Filologijos fakulteto studentė-Julija Jurušaitė. Darbo tema – „ Vyrų ir moterų šnekamosios kalbos ypatumai, remiantis V. Šukšino kino apsakymu „Raudonasis putinas““. Šio darbo tyrimo objektu buvo pasitrinkti V. Šukšino apsakymo „Raudonasis putinas“ pagrindinių herojų Egoro ir Liubos dialogai. Pagrindinė darbo užduotis išanalizuoti vyrų ir moterų šnekamosios kalbos ypatumus V. Šukšino apsakyme. Rašant darbą pirmoje dalyje buvo apžvelgti mokslininkų darbai atlikti XX amžiaus pabaigoje, tyrinėjant vyrų ir moterų kalbą. Antroje darbo dalyje atlikta pagrindinių apsakymo „Raudonasisi aputis“ personažų analizė parodė konkrečius stilistikos, leksikos, morfologijos, žodžių darybos, sintaksės skirtumus tarp vyrų ir moterų kalbos. Taip pat akivaizdu tapo, kad neginčijamą poveikį kalbai turi socialinė kalbančiojo terpė. Šio darbo tema šiandienai yra labai aktuali, nes tai yra nauja mokslo šaka, kuri labai sparčiai vystosi. Todėl šis magistrinis darbas gali būti aktualus studentams kuriuos domina vyrų ir moterų kalbos ypatumai, o taip pat tiem kurie nagrinėja V. Šukšino meninę kalbą. / Master‘s work has been written by Julija Jurušaitė – student of the Lithuanian educology university, Philology faculty. Topic of the work – „Peculiarity of the talkative language in accordance with a film story „Red viburnum“ by V. Šukšin. Objects for research are the dialogs between main characters Egor and Liuba. Main goal of this work is to find out the peculiarities of the dialogs of women and men. First part of this work consists of the review of works, done by scientists in the late XXth century, researching this issue. Second part of this work consists of the analysis of the main characters. This analysis shows particular differences of stylistics, lexis, morphology, word-formation and syntax between men and women. What is more, it shows how social environment can influence the speaker. Topic of this work is very essential at present time, because it is a new science, which is evolving very fast. That is why this master‘s work can be interesting for students, who are interested in the puculiarities of men and women and also for those, who are interested in works and talks of V. Šukšin.