The study attempts to assess the position of women in T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo ("The Heavenly Kingdom of Peace"), a rebellious political movement that almost succeeded in overthrowing the Ch'ing dynasty in mid-nineteenth century China. It is argued that the rebellion arose in the context a peasant society suffering the varying dislocations of dynastic decline under the Impact of the West. It was a rebellion that put forward a radical social program and one, especially in its policies towards women, that can be seen as a significant departure from Chinese tradition. The study attempts to examine Taiping policy with regard to marriage and the family; the establishment of separate quarters for women; the role of women in education; civil examinations for women; women officers; the abolition of (female) slavery; the prohibition of adultery and prostitution; and social customs and personal adornments. The study is based on Chinese and English sources. As unorthodox literature Taiping official documents were prohibited and destroyed by the Ch'ing government. They were also greatly damaged by war. Some contemporary accounts in English survive. The data are deficient in many respects and yet indicate the strength and weaknesses of the rebellion and its program. Much of the Taiping program was "western" in origin and is reflective of the early Christian influence, derived from Hong Kong through certain Taiping leaders, on the rebellion. The rebellion had its greatest strength among the disaffected, especially among the Hakka minority of south China. It is argued that Hakka custom was an important contributory element to the Taiping policy for women. The rebellion failed, and its program perished, for a number of reasons, not least of which was the failure of Taiping leadership to rid itself of certain "traditional influences". If the rebellion had succeeded, perhaps the emancipation of Chinese women would not have been delayed until the twentieth century. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

The adjustment of sojourning spouses appears to be critical to the adjustment of their partners in the relocation; yet adjusting to international relocation is often reported to be a challenging process. The present project comprises a systematic review of research on spouse adjustment in international relocations(Study 1) and an empirical study among a sample of 135 Japanese sojourning housewives in Hong Kong(Study 2). Study 1found that adjustment was measured differently in the past research of sojourning spouse adjustment, and multiple individual, interpersonal and situational or environmental factors have been found to be associated with the adjustment of spouse after relocation. Study 2found that personal coping style was associated with psychological adjustment, while a coping style that focuses on problem solving, along with marital satisfaction and sociocultural interaction, emerged as significant predictors of satisfaction with life. Homemaking stressors were found to be negatively associated with psychological adjustment, and a significant interaction effect with marital satisfaction is found. Dyadic trust was found to contribute significantly to psychological well-being, and its effect was fully mediated by marital satisfaction. Overall speaking, existing models of spousal adjustment in expatriation seem to apply to the Japanese population studied. / published_or_final_version / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

by Lin Y L Wendy, Cheung Y L Joseph. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- BACKGROUND OF STUDY --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1. --- The Environment --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2. --- The Literature Review --- p.11 / Chapter 3. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1. --- Literature Review --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2. --- Personal Interview --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3. --- The Questionnaire Design --- p.24 / Chapter 3.4. --- Type and Nature of Study --- p.25 / Chapter 3.5. --- Study Setting --- p.25 / Chapter 3.6. --- Time Horizon --- p.25 / Chapter 3.7. --- Unit of Analysis --- p.25 / Chapter 4. --- THE PERSONAL INTERVIEW FINDINGS --- p.26 / Chapter 4.1. --- Influence Over Boss/Superior --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2. --- Influence Over Co-workers --- p.32 / Chapter 4.3. --- Influence Over Subordinates --- p.33 / Chapter 4.4. --- Perceived Sexual Differences --- p.35 / Chapter 5. --- THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY FINDINGS --- p.37 / Chapter 5.1. --- The Questionnaire Survey --- p.37 / Chapter 5.2. --- Analysis of Strategy --- p.39 / Chapter 6. --- "SUMMARY, DISCUSSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS" --- p.47 / Chapter 6.1. --- Summary --- p.47 / Chapter 6.2. --- Discussions --- p.49 / Chapter 6.3. --- Limitations --- p.50 / APPENDCIES --- p.53 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.63

Siu Yee Hei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-170). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix in Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Literature Review --- p.3 / Methodology --- p.19 / Structure of Thesis --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Social Background of Women's Mobility --- p.28 / Travel and Women in Chinese History --- p.28 / Travel and Women in Hong Kong History --- p.34 / Women and Traveling for Leisure --- p.37 / Development of Outbound Travel in Hong Kong --- p.39 / New Middle Class and Independent Travel --- p.42 / Concluding Remarks --- p.44 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Solo Travelers --- p.46 / Background of Travelers --- p.46 / Definition of´بIndependent´ةand ´بOutbound´ة --- p.48 / Group 1 - Travel as Training --- p.52 / Group 2 - Travel as Meeting New People --- p.61 / Group 3 - Travel as Breaking Away from the Original System --- p.71 / Group 4 - Travel as Achieving a Different Self --- p.83 / Concluding Remarks --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Group Travelers --- p.97 / Background of Travelers --- p.97 / Definition of´بIndependent´ة and ´بOutbound´ة --- p.99 / Relationships Matter in Travel --- p.101 / Travel - For Alternative Achievements VS Perpetuate the Current Situation --- p.113 / Travel ´ؤ An Entitlement to Self-Actualization and Enj oyment --- p.121 / Concluding Remarks --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Exploring the Complexity of Empowerment --- p.128 / "Empowerment: Same Nature, Different Degrees" --- p.128 / Difference in Quality of Empowerment: Women vs Men --- p.130 / Complement to the Model of Empowerment --- p.136 / "Bodily Harassment: Avoidance, Victim-blaming or Tolerance" --- p.140 / Maintenance of Parent-Child Relationship --- p.143 / Strengthening the Concepts of´بManhood´ةand ´بWomanhood´ة --- p.145 / Concluding Remarks --- p.148 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.151 / References Cited --- p.165 / Appendices --- p.171

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

As the number of mainland migrant mothers in Hong Kong grows, the social tension between migrants and locals increases, reflecting a need to understand the deeper inherent issues leading to the manifestation of this tension. This understanding should go beyond the surface of media portrayal or stereotypical images of migrant mothers. While a great number of local research related to mainland migration issues exists in Hong Kong, few focus specifically on the aspect of motherhood amongst mainland migrant women. Mainland migrant mothers are uprooted from their rural villages to a highly westernized city where they find immense difficulty in transplanting their maternal roots. Although people in Hong Kong are predominately Chinese, it is highly influenced by its colonial past making the culture in Hong Kong a hybrid of westernized Chinese values. This cultural context has great bearings on how migrant mothers interpret motherhood expectations and traditional Chinese values with reference to mother-child relationships. How such dynamic changes in mothering culture affect migrant women’s maternal identities are examined. This research studies the interpretations, rationalizations and strategies involved in the negotiation of maternal identity of financially deprived mainland migrant women in Hong Kong. More importantly, this research appreciates migrant mothers' needs to reconsider Chinese mothering values as they negotiate their identities in a new land. Migrant mothers navigate the westernized-Chinese expectations of local motherhood and redefine what constitutes good mothering, giving new denotations to traditional Chinese values such as xiao, or filial piety. I divided the discussion of this thesis into three domains: (1) to examine mainland migrant mothers in the wider context of Hong Kong, including schools and welfare institutions; (2) to understand how migration and poverty affect maternal identity in terms of their relationships with their children and finally (3) to study migrant mothers' behavior among their own social groups and how social relationships become conducive to their identity negotiation strategies. Hinged upon the practicalities of life, migrant mothers learn to navigate local motherhood expectations with limited resources and little relevant knowledge about the city. This study illustrates the intricate strategies that migrant mothers deploy as they construct identities based not only on the gap between Hong Kong and traditional mainland motherhoods, but also according to changing social context and culture. / published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy