Este trabalho aborda a evolução do móvel seriado para fins residenciais no Brasil, notadamente produzidos com painéis de madeira reconstituída. O período abrangido é o mesmo da utilização efetiva destes painéis que vai de meados do século XX até os dias atuais. O enfoque do estudo centra-se na origem e desenvolvimento dos painéis bem como seus elementos de revestimento ou acabamento; a passagem do sistema de produção do móvel de artesanal para o industrializado, com as descrições básicas de suas etapas produtivas atuais e o sistema de comercialização comumente empregado neste tipo de móvel, bem como as novas formas alternativas, apontando os fatores que direta ou indiretamente interferiram no aspecto formal dos produtos. Analisa o estágio em que a atividade de design se encontra neste setor e sua posição perante os demais elementos intervenientes. Por fim, o trabalho enfatiza a efetiva contribuição dos painéis de madeira reconstituída na consolidação e aprimoramento do setor moveleiro, colaborando na implantação de processos racionais de produção em larga escala, os quais puderam proporcionar o acesso do mobiliário a praticamente todas as faixas da população. / This study focuses on the evolution of home furniture in Brazil, mainly those manufactured with wood based panels used in serial production systems. The period covered is the same as the effective usage of such panels, i.e., since mid-twentieth century to the present days. It concentrates on the origin and development of the types of panels and their coating or finishing alternatives, the switching of furniture production systems from artisanal craft to the large-scale production lines, the basic descriptions of the current stages of production and marketing systems commonly used for this kind of furniture, as well as new alternatives, pointing out factors that directly or indirectly have interfered in the formal appearance of the products. It also analyzes the current stage of the practical usage of design in this sector and its position regarding other elements involved. Finally, this study emphasizes the effective contribution of wood based panels in the consolidation and improvement of furniture industry, collaborating with the implementation of rational processes of large-scale production, which could allow the access to the furniture market to virtually all income classes.

Este trabalho aborda a evolução do móvel seriado para fins residenciais no Brasil, notadamente produzidos com painéis de madeira reconstituída. O período abrangido é o mesmo da utilização efetiva destes painéis que vai de meados do século XX até os dias atuais. O enfoque do estudo centra-se na origem e desenvolvimento dos painéis bem como seus elementos de revestimento ou acabamento; a passagem do sistema de produção do móvel de artesanal para o industrializado, com as descrições básicas de suas etapas produtivas atuais e o sistema de comercialização comumente empregado neste tipo de móvel, bem como as novas formas alternativas, apontando os fatores que direta ou indiretamente interferiram no aspecto formal dos produtos. Analisa o estágio em que a atividade de design se encontra neste setor e sua posição perante os demais elementos intervenientes. Por fim, o trabalho enfatiza a efetiva contribuição dos painéis de madeira reconstituída na consolidação e aprimoramento do setor moveleiro, colaborando na implantação de processos racionais de produção em larga escala, os quais puderam proporcionar o acesso do mobiliário a praticamente todas as faixas da população. / This study focuses on the evolution of home furniture in Brazil, mainly those manufactured with wood based panels used in serial production systems. The period covered is the same as the effective usage of such panels, i.e., since mid-twentieth century to the present days. It concentrates on the origin and development of the types of panels and their coating or finishing alternatives, the switching of furniture production systems from artisanal craft to the large-scale production lines, the basic descriptions of the current stages of production and marketing systems commonly used for this kind of furniture, as well as new alternatives, pointing out factors that directly or indirectly have interfered in the formal appearance of the products. It also analyzes the current stage of the practical usage of design in this sector and its position regarding other elements involved. Finally, this study emphasizes the effective contribution of wood based panels in the consolidation and improvement of furniture industry, collaborating with the implementation of rational processes of large-scale production, which could allow the access to the furniture market to virtually all income classes.

This thesis work focuses mainly on the application of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods on wood-based panels (WBP) in order to estimate the bending properties. To prove the accuracy and applicability of these methods on WBP, their results are correlated with results from a standardized static bending test. The behavior in different climate conditions and the application on panels of larger sizes is also questioned to provide an indication about strong points and boundaries of NDT methods applied on WBP.The bending properties are of major importance, especially for materials suited to bear loads. Bending stiffness, represented by the modulus of elasticity (MOE), is an expression of the deflection rate of a material under load. The bending strength, represented by the modulus of rupture (MOR), is an expression of the maximum load withstood by a material before rupture.Before testing, the material is acclimatized in three climate conditions: dry (20°C, 35% RH), standard (20°C, 65% RH) and wet (20°C, 85% RH), to understand the bending properties variation and how the NDT methods are affected by the variation in moisture content.The materials used are seven types of WBP, in particular four types of particleboards (PB), one type of high-density fiberboard (HDF), one type of dual density PB (with high and low density areas along the production direction) and one type of light-weight panel (Board-on-stiles, a composite panel of HDF, PB and paper honeycomb).To test the bending properties the following NDT methods are considered: transversal resonance vibration and longitudinal resonance vibration with the use of the BING system and the time-of-flight with the use of Fakopp Ultrasonic Timer and Silvatest Trio. The resonance vibration methods, transversal and longitudinal, are based on the relation between resonance vibration properties and bending properties of a material. The relation with bending properties also exists for the stress wave velocity (SWV) through a material, calculated with the time-of-flight method. The dynamic MOE resulting from these tests is then correlated with the static MOE and MOR from the static bending test.The NDT methods resulted to be reliable on WBP, with generally high levels of correlation between dynamic MOE and static MOE and MoR. The highest correlation value for MoE is with the transversal resonance vibration while the highest for MOR is with the longitudinal resonance vibration. The results of the dynamic MOE for all the NDT methods are higher than the static MOE, as confirmed also in the literature; the average ratio between the dynamic and the static MOE is, for example, up to 1,6 for WBP in standard climate condition, tested with Fakopp U.T.. These results are extremely higher than values suggested by previous studies. Moreover, the ratio increases with increasing relative humidity of the climate condition. The results from the tests on larger sizes suggest a possible application in this field. The time-of-flight method is suitable for in-plane uniform materials, like the PB and HDF, while the transversal resonance methods give also a good representation of the properties of the dual density PB and the light-weight panel.

La poudre de polyuréthane à base de déchets de mousse de polyuréthane a des capacités de liant classique sous certaines conditions. Ceci est très intéressant du point de vue écologique car cela permet de rallonger le cycle de vie du polyuréthane et d’économiser le premier substituant de la colle classique qui est produit à partir de 100% de matière première. Le but de cette étude était d’améliorer l’application de la poudre de polyuréthane, comme substituant de la colle pMDI, dans la production des panneaux OSB. Une importante partie de ce travail était de mieux comprendre la réactivation de la poudre de polyuréthane et les conditions nécessaires pour que la poudre puisse fonctionner de façon optimale. Des résultats de recherche ont montré que l’uréthane est dégradé à une température de 165°C en groupements d’isocyanate et de polyols. La formation d’isocyanate à pu être démontrée par plusieurs méthodes. Le savoir a été généré dans des laboratoires et confirmé avec des essais pratiques sur des lignes industrielles. Un des objectifs principaux de ce travail était de baisser la température de décomposition de la poudre de polyuréthane à un niveau suffisamment bas pour que la poudre puisse être utilisée non seulement dans les couches externes mais aussi dans la couche médiane du panneau. Dans la première phase de ce travail la poudre de polyuréthane sans additifs a été analysée. Ensuite une sélection entre différents catalyseurs utilisés dans la production de mousse de polyuréthane a été effectuée. Pour pouvoir quantifier la capacité du catalyseur une machine permettant de produire des disques à base de polyuréthane pur a été développée. Cette machine a fourni la base pour pouvoir sélectionner le catalyseur le plus performant. Ainsi cette machine donne à l’entreprise Mobius Technologies une très bonne et simple solution pour déterminer les propriétés de la poudre de polyuréthane traitée ou non traitée et pour en déterminer la qualité. Enfin, les résultats de la recherche ont pu être mis en application à l’échelle industrielle sur des lignes industrielles d’OSB chez les entreprises Kronoply, Kronofrance et chez un producteur d’outre-mer qui reste anonyme dans ce document pour des raisons de discrétion liée à l’entreprise Mobius Technologies. Il a été possible de baisser la température de décomposition de la poudre jusqu’à 147°C, grâce au catalyseur employé. L’objectif de 120°C comme température de décomposition n’a donc pas été atteint / The polyurethane powder based on recycled material or polyurethane slab stocks shows bonding properties under certain circumstances. This is interesting from the ecological point of view, because the product life cycle of the polyurethane is prolonged. In addition to that the powder can be used as substitute for standard adhesives which are produced on 100% non renewable recourses. The goal of this project was the improvement of the application of polyurethane powder, as substitute of pMDI-adhesives, which are used in the production of OSB boards. One mayor aspect of the study was the understanding of the reactivation of the polyurethane powder and to find out the conditions for an optimized use of the powder. The results of the research demonstrated that at the degradation temperature of about 165°C the urethane bond is decomposed in to isocyanates and polyols, which is already well known in polyurethane chemistry. The reverse reaction to polyurethanes could be proved by several methods. This was than in lab scale and also under industrial conditions. The main objective of the present study was to lower the activation temperature of the polyurethane powder as pMDI adhesive substitute in the core and the surface layer of wood based panels. In the start-up phase the polyurethane powder was used an analysed without any additives. Later on a selection of different typical polyurethane catalysts were used. To quantify the efficiency of different catalysts a special machine was constructed. This new developed machine provided us with the results to select the most performing catalyst. In addition this machine was used as an easy and efficient quality control tool of Mobius Technologies. The results were used to apply the polyurethane powder on industrial production units of Kronoply (Germany), Kronofrance (France) and unstated OSB-producer in overseas. It was possible to lower the activation temperature by the use of a catalyst to about 147°C. The ambitious intent to reach a temperature of 120°C was not achieved