Bibliography: pages 83-87. / This study analyses participation of workers within two human service organisations, within the education field in the Western Cape. It also examines the reasons, degrees and levels of participation as well as the impact it has on individual workers and the organisations as a whole. The case study method was used with the major research techniques being observation, unstructured interviews and the analysis of primary sources of information such as, documentation. A stratified random sample of sixteen workers were selected for interviewing. The data was analysed on the basis of the literature review and placed within the context of relevant theoretical perspectives of democracy, bureaucracy and management science. It was found that both organisations made use of participatory methods in organising themselves. However, the reasons, degree and conditions facilitating it differed considerably, despite the fact that the levels of participation were similar. The study concludes, with a reflection on the processes required to achieve greater participation within the organisations studied and human service organisations in general.

Retention of experienced workers is an ongoing challenge in child protection social work. The purpose of this study is to understand more about the permanence of frontline child protection workers, where permanence is defined as ten or more consecutive years of frontline practice. Using a qualitative narrative methodology, supported by anti-oppressive theory, conversational interviews were conducted with experienced frontline child protection workers. Through narrative analysis of these interviews, I uncover some of the impacts and influence on worker permanence. / Graduate / 0452 / 0700 / 0630 / 0628

Retention of experienced workers is an ongoing challenge in child protection social work. The purpose of this study is to understand more about the permanence of frontline child protection workers, where permanence is defined as ten or more consecutive years of frontline practice. Using a qualitative narrative methodology, supported by anti-oppressive theory, conversational interviews were conducted with experienced frontline child protection workers. Through narrative analysis of these interviews, I uncover some of the impacts and influence on worker permanence. / Graduate / 0452 / 0700 / 0630 / 0628

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With the past decades of a growing trend in the western-world where knowledge workers are replacing traditional workers the importance of finding ways to attract, retain and engage the former is becoming even more challenging as the preferences of this kind of workers is totally different than for other workers. Non-monetary rewards such as achievement, autonomy and feedback have for a long time been highlighted by researchers to be of importance, yet the human relations departments (HR) still seem not to have realized the importance of such rewards and while HR strategies often are focusing on total rewards as a summary of monetary and non-monetary rewards there is a lack of an uniform ranking of the importance in between them. The purpose of this thesis is to make a ranking of the non-monetary rewards being most valuable for a knowledge worker to retain them within a company. The job mobility for this group is high and failing to retain them would except for short-term costs and organizational knowledge loss risk to create a lack of competitive advantage in long-term. Based on an extensive review of literature and papers by both researchers and practitioners with aspect to motivation theories, knowledge workers and rewards a theoretical framework has been constructed derived to five propositions which have been tested in a single case study. The empirical data was collected from a case being described in-depth and consist of archival data from employee surveys during seven years of time which have been supported by interviews and observations to achieve a triangulation of data. During analysis the findings have been put in relation to the environmental factors present within the case to achieve a rich and trustworthy case study. The findings confirms earlier research that autonomy is one of the highest ranked reward for a knowledge worker but that affiliation is of equal or even higher importance. The result also indicates that the difference between knowledge workers and other kinds of workers with aspect to affiliation is low or even non-existent. The thesis has also shown that autonomy, praise/recognition and career/personal development is of far more importance for a knowledge worker than for other kind of workers which may act as an important input to HR professionals. Furthermore this thesis has by the construct of a theoretical framework based on content theories of motivation contributed with a theoretical ground to the system of total rewards defined by HR professionals.

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Avant l’arrivée des colons, la division sexuelle du travail dans la communauté traditionnelle gabonaise est basée sur le partage spécifique des tâches : il y a des tâches réservées aux femmes et des tâches réservées aux hommes. Les tâches domestiques sont assignées prioritairement à la femme. Les relations dans la communauté sont fondées sur le lien social renforcé par les normes traditionnelles. L’activité individuelle apparaît vraisemblablement comme faisant partie intégrante de l’activité des membres de l’ensemble de la communauté. C’est ce qui fait la cohésion sociale. Cependant, des transformations s’introduisent dans la société gabonaise avec l’arrivée du salariat. De nouveaux modes de production et de nouvelles configurations du travail s’imposent et mettent en évidence des changements dans les relations de production, dans la division sexuelle du travail, notamment dans les rapports sociaux de sexe. Il importe pour nous d’analyser, à partir de la vieille problématique de la division sexuelle du travail et le discours de socialisation qui présente la femme comme le pilier de la famille par le biais de son rôle de nourricière et d’épouse, et qui présente l’homme comme le chef de famille et le premier pourvoyeur de ressources du ménage, si l’intégration des femmes au salariat serait de nature à modifier ces rapports, qui sous-tendent l’ordre social. Nous appellerons ce processus la "patriarcalisation" que nous allons analyser dans les deux parties de notre travail. En effet, à la production agricole et artisanale qui ravitaillaient le foyer en produits de première nécessité, succède l’économie capitaliste où tout s’achète et s’échange contre de l’argent. La contribution financière de la femme gabonaise par le biais du salaire ne participerait-elle pas au renversement des rapports sociaux de sexe dans le ménage ? / Before the capitalist economy’s arrival, the gender-divided repartition of labour in the traditional Gabonese community is built around tasks that are specifically devolved to one or the other sex: there are tasks that are meant to be done by women and others to be done by men. The housework is primarily assigned to women. Relationships within the community are based on a social fabric strengthened by traditional norms. Individual activity appears to be in all probability an integral partof the activity of all community members. That is what holds the social fabric together. Yet Gabonese society is transformed by the advent of the wage system. New modes of production and new labour configuration are gaining over old ones and highlighting changes in production relations, in the gender-segmented repartition of work, notably in the social relations between the sexes. It is important that we analyze, starting with the previous state of the repartition of labour by genderand the view on socialization that makes women the mainstays of the family through her roles as feeder and wife and makes men heads of the family and the main providers for the household, whether women’s integration in the wage system might bring about changes in these relations which underlie social order. We will call this process “patriarcalisation” and we will analyze it in the two parts of our work. In fact, to the home-grown and home-crafted production that used to provide first necessity products succeeds capitalist economy where everything can be bought and sold for money. Could the financial contribution of the Gabonese woman through her wages be instrumental in the reversal of social roles among the sexes in the household?