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This thesis deals with the ways in which the Polish United Workers' Party's (PZPR) political discourse and its modes of political legitimation changed during the period of the transformation of the political system in Poland between 1988 and 1990. The central hypothesis is that the PZPR retained a strong series of discursive continuities during this period, although partially reconstructed its discourses along three main axes: Civil -Public/Private, Geopolitical - West/East and Historical - Past/Present. Each element emerged out of the PZPR's existing discourses and simultaneously transformed both them and the PZPR's position within them. Thus one saw the emergence of an autonomous, semi de-institutionalised Communist Party, which became tied by its discursive commitments to an evolving political agreement following the 1989 round table talks that it was unable to reverse or oppose. The thesis adopts a historical case study approach in which changes in PZPR discourses are analysed over four periods.

Lumbar fusion performed among injured workers has dramatically increased over the past two decades, coinciding with the increased use of more advanced surgical technology. Despite recent changes in how this surgery is performed, few outcome studies have been conducted, particularly among workers compensation populations. In prior studies, several biopsychosocial risk factors were found to be predictors of functional outcomes of lumbar fusion. Considering the recent changes in lumbar fusion surgery, there is a need to identify how patient outcomes have changed among injured workers, and whether a biopsychosocial model continues to be predictive of outcomes. The current study aimed to address multidimensional patient outcomes associated with lumbar fusion and examine the relationship between presurgical biopsychosocial variables and outcomes by testing the predictive efficacy of a multiple variable model. Injured workers (N = 245) who underwent their first lumbar fusion between 1998 and 2007 were included in a retrospective-cohort study performed in two phases that involved coding presurgical information documented in patient medical charts in the Worker's Compensation Fund of Utah computer database (Phase 1) and administering a telephone outcome survey with patients at least 2 years post-surgery (Phase 2). Of the total sample, 45% (n = 110) of patients were contacted and completed follow-up outcome surveys on several measures of patient satisfaction, quality of life, fusion status, dysfunction level, disability status, pain, and general physical and mental health functioning. Results revealed injured workers reported a solid fusion rate of 89.0%, disability rate of 28.7%, and a poor outcome rate of 57.1%. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated an eight variable model was a statistically significant predictor of multiple patient outcomes. Involvement of a nurse case manger, vocational rehabilitation, and litigation at the time of fusion were the most prominent predictors across outcome measures, while age and depression history showed modest prediction of outcomes. Prior back operations, number of vertebral levels fused, and type of instrumentation showed no statistically significant prediction of outcomes. Results were evaluated and compared to prior lumber fusion studies on injured worker and fusion outcome literature, in general. Specific implications for our findings and limitations associated with this study were addressed.

L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à contribuer à l’analyse de l’impact des Technologies del’Information (TI) sur les performances des salariés sur le marché du travail. Notre travail évalue lesimpacts de l’acquisition des compétences numériques (e-compétences) sur les performances dessalariés afin de définir les stratégies les plus adéquates à mettre en oeuvre par les décideurs publics etle management des entreprises. Pour ce faire, notre approche a consisté à identifier deux modalitéscomplémentaires d’acquisition des e-compétences requises sur le marché du travail : d’une part, lesformations sur le lieu du travail (lifelong learning) que nous qualifierons de stratégies à court termed’acquisition de e-compétences, et d’autre part, les formations durant la période d’apprentissagescolaire et notamment universitaire que nous qualifierons de stratégies à long terme. Dès lors, deuxinvestigations complémentaires ont été élaborées respectant ce découpage. La première a contribué àfournir des résultats originaux concernant les stratégies à court terme. Nous avons démontré dans lecontexte français et européen les apports des e-compétences dans l’amélioration de la performancecontextuelle des salariés. La seconde investigation, relative aux stratégies à long terme, a mis l'accentsur les modalités d’acquisition des e-compétences par les étudiants en France et leurs apportsadditionnels en termes de performances académiques.Nos résultats mettent donc en évidence l’importance d’instaurer unsystème éducatif basé sur un apprentissage collaboratif et participatif où la connaissance est coconstruiteavec l’étudiant et non pas uniquement délivrée par l’enseignant. / This thesis is devoted to analyzing the impact of Information Technologies (IT) on workers’performance in the labor market. It aims to measure the impacts of e-skills’ acquisition on workers’performance in order to discover the most suitable strategies to adopt by policy-makers and firms’management. In order to do this, the approach consists of two complementary layers of e-skills’acquisition needed in the labor market: On one hand, lifelong learning in the workplace qualified asshort-term strategies of e-skills’ acquisition. On the other hand, trainings acquired during schoollearning and mainly at university qualified as long-term strategies. Consequently, two complementaryinvestigations have been elaborated. The first one has contributed to provide original results regardingshort-term strategies. In the French and European context, the contributions of e-skills to animprovement in workers’ contextual performance have been shown. The second investigation, whichconcerns long-term strategies, focused on how students acquire e-skills in France and theircontribution to academic performance.Four chapters are the backbone of this work.The first chapter concerns the impact of IT use on workers’ contextual performance in Europe.Results show the positive impact of such use on workers’ contextual performance. Without e-skillsindicators, this use is confused with the ability to use IT.Recognizing the limitations of this approach, despite its wide coverage, a deeper analysis isprovided in the second chapter. The second chapter focuses on the role of e-skills on workers’contextual performance in the French context. On one hand, results show a positive effect of e-skills’level on workers’ contextual performance. On the other hand, they show differentiated impacts whenlooking into each component of contextual performance separately. These results do not challenge therole of e-skills in improving workers’ performance and particularly their contextual ones, but theystress the need to focus on the strategies to acquire and maintain the e-skills’ level needed for efficientuse of IT.The last two chapters are devoted to defining the strategies that facilitate e-skills’ acquisition.The third chapter allows the short-term strategies acquired within the firm to be identified.Results of this chapter show the positive impact of IT use and trainings on workers’ e-skills. Thus,short-term strategies focus on the need of IT access at work and at home, encouraging professionaland personal IT use, providing IT training for workers and encouraging them to try collaborative workin different tasks.The fourth chapter focuses on the long-term strategies of e-skills’ acquisition acquired atuniversity. The chapter reveals the primordial role of students’ involvement, the diversity of learningmethods and collaborative work on students’ (future workers) e-skills. Our results highlight theimportance of establishing an educational system based on collaborative learning where theknowledge is built with students and not just delivered by the teacher.

The Worker´s Party of Social Justice is the most significant far right party in the Czech Republic. This work deals with its ideological basis while emphasis is placed on the conception of nation and the attitude towards the political systém and a charakterization of its development too. The first two chapters focus on the analysis of the predecessor: the Worker's Party which in its third phase adopted the German national socialism from the National Democratic Party of Germany. Within the new approach it adopted the notion of white Europeanism which is a contemporaty Aryan rase. The second two chapters contain the analyses of ideological postulates of the Worker's Party of Social Justice which continues to co-operate with the National Democratic Party of Gemany and to adopt its attitudes and strategy. The basis of identity of the Worker's Party of Social Justice is white Europeanism which is common for all native European nations. Incompatibility of some of its attitudes with the values of representative democracy makes it an anti-system party.

Magistrinio darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti socialinio darbuotojo veiklos ypatumus komandoje, teikiančioje socialines paslaugas neįgaliųjų globos institucijoje. Siekiant išnagrinėti šiuos ypatumus, darbe keliami tokie uždaviniai: atskleisti socialinių paslaugų organizavimo sistemos elementus neįgaliųjų globos institucijoje; išanalizuoti komandinio darbo taikymo galimybes, teikiant socialines paslaugas neįgaliųjų globos institucijoje; ištirti ir nustatyti socialinio darbuotojo veiklos ypatumus komandoje, teikiančioje socialines paslaugas neįgaliųjų globos institucijoje. Pirmoje darbo dalyje nagrinėjama socialinių paslaugų neįgaliesiems politika, socialinių paslaugų sistema neįgaliųjų globos institucijoje bei socialinio darbuotojo kompetencijos, teikiant socialines paslaugas neįgaliesiems. Antroje darbo dalyje analizuojama, kaip formuojamos komandos, kokia komandos struktūra, jos narių funkcijos bei atliekami vaidmenys. Trečioje darbo dalyje apibendrinami kokybinio tyrimo (interviu) duomenys bei nustatomi socialinio darbuotojo veiklos ypatumai komandoje, teikiančioje socialines paslaugas neįgaliųjų globos institucijoje. Tyrimo metu nustatėme, kad taikant komandinį darbą socialines paslaugas teikiančioje neįgaliųjų globos institucijoje reikėtų išnaudoti tokias komandinio darbo galimybes: sukurti dvi - problemų sprendimo ir projektų vykdymo komandas, tai priklauso nuo klientų amžiaus, jų specifinių poreikių ir socialinių darbuotojų veiklos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this Master’s work is to analyse the pecularities of the social worker’s duties in a team, which provides social service at the institution for disabled people. In order to analyse these pecularities such goals are set: • To show the organization of the social service at the institution for disabled people; • To analyse the team work’s possibilities, providing social service at the institution for disabled people; • To investigate and to determine the social worker’s team work pecularities, providing the social service at the institution for disabled people. In the first part of this work the policy of the social service for disable, the system of social service at the institution for disabled and the competence of the social worker are analysed, providing social service at the institution for disabled people. In the second part we analyse how the team is formed, what its structure and the role of its members. In the third part the data of the qualitative investigation (interview) are summarized also the social workers team work’s pecularities are evaluated. The investigation has shown that providing the team work at the institution for disabled people such team work possibilities should be used: usually two main teams are formed- solving problems team and the team which carries out projects, which are related to client’s age, their specific needs and the experience of the social workers in these teams. The most... [to full text]

Socialinio darbuotojo padėjėjas yra žmogus arčiausiai kliento, teikiantis socialinę pagalbą. Socialinis darbas Lietuvoje tik naujai atrandama profesija platesniame visuomenės kontekste. Šiame kontekste socialinis darbuotojas yra plėtros veikėjas, o socialinio darbuotojo padėjėjas tampa socialinės pagalbos teikėjas. Todėl socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų veikla reikalauja išsamesnio tyrimo. Lietuvoje nėra atliktų tyrimų, atskleidžiančių socialinio darbuotojo padėjėjo veiklas, atliekamus vaidmenis socialinio darbo kontekste. Šis tyrimas – tai pirmasis bandymas pažvelgti į socialinio darbuotojo padėjėjo veiklą globos įstaigoje, kartu atskleidžiant socialinio darbuotojo padėjėjo dalyvavimą socialinio darbo profesijos veikloje, teikiant socialines paslaugas, ir jo indėlį, formuojant socialinio darbo profesijos sampratą Lietuvoje. Darbe keliami tyrimo klausimai: 1. Kokie ypatumai būdingi socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų veiklai pensionate, teikiant socialinę pagalbą proto negalės žmonėms? 2. Kaip socialinis darbuotojas turėtų organizuoti socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų, kaip paslaugos teikėjo, veiklą pensionate? Tyrimo objektas – pensionato socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų veikla. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų veiklą pensionate. Tikslui pasiekti darbe iškeliami šie tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Apibūdinti socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų, kaip pagalbos teikėjų, veiklą pensionate. 2. Išanalizuoti socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų veiklos trukdžius ir profesinės veiklos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Social worker‘s assistant is the man closest to the customer, providing him services of social support. In Lithuania social work is just a newly discovered profession in the broader context of society. In this context, the social worker is a public character of development and social worker‘s assistant becomes a provider of social support. Therefore, the activity of social worker‘s assistant requires a more thorough investigation. In Lithuania there are no accomplished studies of revealing the activity of social worker‘s support, his roles in the context of social work. This study is the first attempt to look at the social worker‘s assistant activities in the body care institution, simultaneously revealing the participation of social worker‘s assistant in social work profession by providing social services and his contribution to shaping the concept of social work profession in Lithuania. The object of research – pension social worker‘s assistant activity. Inquiry questions: 1. What are the main characteristic features of social worker‘s assistant activity at a pension in providing social support to mentally disabled people? 2. How social worker should arrange social workers assistants’ activity as residential service providers at the pension? Purpose of research - to reveal the activity of social worker‘s assistants at the pension. Tasks of research: 1. Describe the social workers assistants’ activity as the providers of services of social support at the pension. 2. To... [to full text]

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it will examine employer techniques used to thwart the rights of newly certified unions. Second, this study will attempt to determine the effectiveness of the Act's remedies. Some statistical characteristics of cases and firms involved in violations of the duty to bargain collectively will be evaluated. Statistics from the Board's annual reports as well as from a recent study by Philip Ross will be used. The increase of Board cases dealing with violations of refusal to bargain, the average number of violations per case, and the prevalence of other unfair labor practices will be examined. The size of firms committing the majority of violations of collective bargaining will be compared with the size of firms involved in the majority of Board certification elections. National Labor Relations Board, circuit court of appeals, and Supreme Court cases will be used to investigate the effectiveness of three of the most prevalent violations of the duty to bargain collectively used by employers to circumvent the purposes of the Act. They are (1) refusal to meet with the newly certified union, (2) engaging in unilateral activity, and (3) refusal to bargain in good faith. This study will also examine the effectiveness of the remedies of the Labor Management Relations Act in protecting the worker's right to bargain collectively with his employer through representatives of his own choosing. Four of the standard Board remedies will be examined---(1) posting of notices, (2) reinstatement of employees discriminated against, (3) payment of back pay, and (4) a Board order to bargain in good faith.

Introdução - A morte violenta permeia o cotidiano do cidadão brasileiro, assim como o cotidiano laboral das equipes da perícia criminal do município de São Paulo. Os servidores forenses têm como atribuição representar o Estado na execução pericial dos locais de crimes envolvendo vítimas humanas. Objetivo - Compreender as práticas cotidianas do trabalho pericial, identificando a percepção dos fatores de risco e as estratégias de trabalho imbuídos no atendimento pericial da morte violenta. Métodos - Pesquisa qualitativa com perspectiva etnográfica. Os registros empíricos são oriundos das anotações etnográficas em diário de campo de 61 locais de crimes periciados pela equipe de peritos criminais e fotógrafos técnico-periciais do Núcleo de Perícias em Crimes contra a Pessoa do Instituto de Criminalística do município de São Paulo. Entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas foram realizadas com 28 servidores periciais. De modo complementar, aplicou-se um formulário para caracterização sociodemográfica dos participantes. Reportagens veiculadas nas mídias digitais e impressas foram utilizadas como dados secundários. Os dados foram analisados por meio de codificação temática. Para tal, utilizou-se o software MAXQDA, versão 18. Resultados - As naturezas criminais predominantes nas requisições periciais foram: morte suspeita, suicídio e homicídio de autor conhecido. A idade dos participantes variou entre 28 e 65 anos, e o tempo de experiência na perícia variou entre 1 e 31 anos. O perfil do público foi predominantemente do sexo masculino, casado com filhos e possuidor de alguma crença religiosa. O treinamento profissional fornecido pelo Instituto de Criminalística variou de 3 a 12 meses. Com relação à pesquisa empírica, a codificação do material nos conduziu a quatro categorias temáticas: 1) A atividade do trabalho pericial; 2) Crimes periciados; 3) Violência naturalizada; 4) Amplificação da violência pela mídia. Os relatos e as observações em campo revelaram práticas cotidianas de um trabalho perigoso e insalubre nos sentidos biológico e psíquico. Ao lidarem com o corpo da vítima de violência letal, as equipes são expostas à vitimização direta e indireta. Atuam em escalas de trabalho extensas, com déficit de servidores, tempo de recuperação curto e relatos de presenteísmo. A falta de transparência no planejamento da carreira forense somada aos significados de ser policial forense foram mobilizadores de sentimentos e ressignificados ao longo da trajetória profissional. Fatores de risco foram revelados, como: riscos associados à categoria policial; antevisão do processo de morrer ao se sentirem suscetíveis à naturalização da violência urbana; amplificação da violência pela mídia, que reverbera discursos estereotipados sobre a ação policial e sobre os \"bandidos\", incitando o ódio; manifestação de sentimento de não reconhecimento institucional. Os participantes revelaram que criam estratégias visando conciliar tais dimensões com a manutenção de sua saúde, sendo elas: sublimação, desconstrução do herói, uso do humor cítrico, distanciamento e não pertencimento à realidade da periferia e valorização da vida em sua simplicidade. Conclusão - Atuar na perícia criminal exige que o trabalhador desenvolva estratégias coletivas e individuais constantemente, pois a violência e os crimes não são estáticos. O Instituto de Criminalística vivencia uma reestruturação em seu organograma que impacta diretamente a operação pericial. Faz-se necessário oferecer ações psicológicas preventivas e treinamento contínuo aos servidores periciais no sentido de manter a saúde desses trabalhadores. / Introduction - Violent death permeates the daily life of the Brazilian citizens as well as the daily routine of the criminal investigation teams of the municipality of São Paulo. The forensic servers have to represent the State, as attribution, in the expert execution in the sites of crimes involving human victims. Objective - to understand the daily practices of the expert work, identifying risk factors and work strategies imbued in the expert assistance of violent death. Methods - Qualitative research with an ethnographic perspective. The empirical records are derived from the ethnographic field work diary notes of 61 crime sites, experienced together with the on-call staff. These crime sites were investigated by the team of criminal experts and technical-expert photographers who belong to the Center for Expertise in Crimes against the Person (NPCCPessoa) of the Institute of Criminalistics (IC) of the city of São Paulo. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 expert servers. In a complementary way, a form of sociodemographic characterization of the participants was applied. Reports on digital and printed media were used as secondary data. Data were analysed using thematic coding. For that, the software MAXQDA, version 18 was used. Results - The predominant criminal natures in the investigative requisitions were: suspicious death, suicide and homicide of a known perpetrator. The age of the participants ranged from 28 to 65 years and the time of experience in the profession is between 1 to 31 years. The participants are predominantly composed by males, married, with children and most of them have a religious belief. The professional training provided by the Institute of Criminalistics varied from 03 to 12 months. With regard to empirical research, the codification of the material generated four thematic categories: 1) The activity of the expert work; 2) Crimes that underwent expert work; 3) Naturalized violence; 4) Amplification of violence by the media. The reports and field observations revealed daily practices of a dangerous and unhealthy work in the biological and psychological senses. The teams dealing with the body of a victim of lethal violence are exposed to a direct and indirect victimization. They work with extensive work scales, server shortages, short recovery times and present-day reports. The lack of transparency in the planning of the forensic career added to the meaning of being a forensic police worker were mobilizers of feelings such as non-recognition and institutional belonging, which were re-signified throughout their professional trajectory. Risk factors were revealed, such as: risks in belonging to the police category itself; the anticipation of the process of dying when they feel susceptible to the naturalized urban violence; the amplification of media violence by reverberating stereotyped discourses about police action and \"bad guys\", inciting hatred. The participants revealed that they created strategies to reconcile these dimensions with the maintenance of their health, such as: sublimation, deconstruction of the hero, use of dark humor, creating distance, not belonging to the reality of the periphery, valorisation of life in its simplicity. Conclusion - Acting in the criminal expertise requires that the worker constantly develop strategies, collectively and individually, as violence and crimes are renewed. The IC experiences a restructuring in its organization chart that directly impacts on the expert operations. It is necessary to offer preventive psychological actions and continuous training to the expert servants in the sense of maintaining the health of these workers. To the managers, it is suggested mobilization to plead legislations that, in fact, untie the IC from the Civil Police, as well as a modernization of the work processes.

A condição de trabalho vivida por muitos trabalhadores de enfermagem, especialmente em instituições hospitalares, tem acarretado agravos à sua saúde, geralmente provenientes do ambiente de trabalho, da forma de organização e das atividades insalubres que executam. Os gestores hospitalares têm apresentado constante preocupação, em relação aos problemas osteomusculares e de fadiga, principalmente entre os profissionais de enfermagem, sendo comprovado pela literatura científica como questões de relevância significativa, que merecem um aprofundamento na identificação de suas causas e em propostas de ações para redução dos índices de ocorrência no âmbito hospitalar. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar as queixas de fadiga e de dores osteomusculares em trabalhadores de enfermagem de urgência e emergência. Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado no setor de urgência e emergência de um hospital localizado em Minas Gerais, em 2016, com 37 trabalhadores de enfermagem. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados três instrumentos sendo, um instrumento de avaliação sociodemográfica e laboral; a Escala de Fadiga de Chalder para avaliação da Fadiga física e mental; e o Diagrama de Corlett para avaliação da presença e intensidade de dor e as regiões acometidas. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP da EERP, conforme parecer 1.689.255. Em relação aos resultados, a maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (73%), solteira (54,1%), com media de idade de 30,5 anos, sem hábitos de praticar atividade física (62,2%) e dormia entre 6 e 8 horas (78,3%). Com relação à categoria profissional, a maior parte deles era enfermeiros (43,2%), com tempo de atuação de até 5 anos na profissão e na instituição (40,57%; 59,4%) e de 3 anos no setor de urgência/emergência, com carga horária de 8h/dia (75,5%). Em relação à fadiga física, os trabalhadores relataram que às vezes: cansavam-se facilmente (32,4%), precisavam descansar mais (40,5%) e sentiam fraqueza (24,3%). Na fadiga mental, os trabalhadores relataram que às vezes: tiveram problemas de concentração (21,6%), dificuldade para pensar claramente (18,9%) e problemas de memória (10,8%). Na soma dos escores dos itens da fadiga, 35,1% possuíam fadiga. Em relação à dor osteomuscular, a região mais relatada com presença de dor foi a coluna vertebral, que se repete nas diversas classificações de intensidade de dor, seguida dos membros inferiores e superiores. Concluímos que não há evidências de associação entre as queixas de fadiga e as queixas de dores osteomusculares. Percebe-se então a necessidade de promoção de melhores condições de trabalho nos ambientes hospitalares. Isto porque, é preciso favorecer uma melhor qualidade de vida laboral e social dos profissionais de enfermagem / The work condition experienced by many nursing workers, especially in hospital institutions, has caused health problems, usually from the work environment, the organization and the unhealthy activities they perform. Hospital managers have shown constant concern with regard to musculoskeletal and fatigue problems, especially among nursing professionals, and it is proven by the scientific literature as issues of significant relevance that deserve a deepening in the identification of their causes and in proposals for actions to reduction of the occurrence rates in the hospital. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the complaints of fatigue and musculoskeletal pain in emergency and emergency nursing workers. Descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out in the emergency and emergency department of a hospital located in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2016, with 37 nursing workers. For data collection, three instruments were used: a sociodemographic and labor assessment instrument; the Chalder Fatigue Scale for Physical and Mental Fatigue Assessment; and the Corlett Diagram to evaluate the presence and intensity of pain and the regions affected. The study was approved by the CEP of the EERP, according to opinion 1,689,255. Regarding the results, the majority of the participants were female (73%), single (54.1%), mean age 30.5 years, no physical activity habits (62.2%) and sleep between 6 and 8 hours (78.3%). Regarding the professional category, the majority of them were nurses (43.2%), with a duration of up to 5 years in the profession and in the institution (40.57%, 59.4%) and 3 years in the urgency / emergency, with an hourly load of 8h / day (75.5%). Regarding physical fatigue, the workers reported that they sometimes tired easily (32.4%), needed rest (40.5%) and felt weak (24.3%). In mental fatigue, workers reported that at times: they had problems of concentration (21.6%), difficulty to think clearly (18.9%) and memory problems (10.8%). In the sum of the scores of the fatigue items, 35.1% had fatigue. Regarding osteomuscular pain, the most reported region with presence of pain was the spine, which is repeated in the various pain intensity classifications, followed by the lower and upper limbs. We conclude that there is no evidence of association between fatigue complaints and complaints of musculoskeletal pain. The need to promote better working conditions in hospital settings is then perceived. This is because, it is necessary to promote a better quality of work and social life of nursing professionals