Prozesse, seien es Geschäfts- oder Produktionsprozesse, sind ständigen Änderungen unterworfen. Für Unternehmen gilt es, sich im Rahmen von Geschäftsprozessen immer wieder neuen Marktgegebenheiten, Gesetzen oder Kunden anzupassen. Auch Produktionsprozesse müssen bspw. für die Verarbeitung neuer Materialien zugeschnitten werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt deshalb, einen umfassenden Ansatz für den Umgang mit Änderungen bzw. Rekonfigurationen von Workflows zu entwickeln. Dieser zeichnet sich durch zwei Schwerpunkte aus: (1) Vollständige Rekonfiguration aller Workflowperspektiven und (2) eine reflexive autonome Steuerung der Rekonfigurationen.

The recent trend in health care has been on the development and implementation of clinical guidelines to support and comply with evidence-based care. Evidence-based care is established with a view to improve the overall quality of care for patients, reduce costs, and address medico-legal issues. One of the main questions addressed by this thesis is how to support guideline-based care. It is recognised that this is better achieved by taking into consideration the provider workflow. However, workflow support remains a challenging (and hence rarely seen) accomplishment in practice, particularly in the context of chronic disease management (CDM). Our view is that guidelines can be knowledge-engineered into four main artefacts: electronic health record (EHR) content, computer-interpretable guideline (CiG), workflow and hypermedia. The next question is then how to coordinate and make use of these artefacts in a health information system (HIS). We leverage the EHR since we view this as the core component to any HIS. / Thesis (PhDInformationTechnology)--University of South Australia, 2005.

Workflow in healthcare, particularly for the shared and coordinated management of chronic illnesses, is very difficult to model. It is also difficult to support via current Clinical information Systems and current information technologies. This dissertation contributes significant enhancements to the current methodologies for designing and implementing workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) suitable for healthcare. The contribution comprises three interrelated aspects of workflow system architecture as follows:- Firstly, it shifts the emphasis of workflow modelling and enactment to a focus on goals, and the monitoring and facilitation of their achievement. Secondly, it introduces the concept of self-modifying workflow in the context of health care planning, whereby explicit tasks in the goal-based care plan are devoted to assessing and modifying downstream workflow. Thirdly, this dissertation proposes methodologies for identifying and dealing with tasks which overlap, subsume or interfere with other tasks elsewhere in a given workflow. / Thesis (PhDInformationTechnology)--University of South Australia, 2005.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T11:49:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 241090.pdf: 1516103 bytes, checksum: 10dac18237f5be877bca545e510929e5 (MD5)

A utilização de sistemas de gerência de documentos e de sistemas de gerência de workflow vem crescendo de forma expressiva nos últimos anos, motivados pela expectativa de obter-se benefícios organizacionais importantes, como o maior compartilhamento da informação e o aumento da eficiência dos processos. Pelo fato de a maioria dos processos organizacionais envolver a manipulação de documentos, é necessário, em grande parte das vezes, que esses sistemas trabalhem em conjunto. No entanto, a maioria das integrações entre tais produtos são proprietárias, causando prejuízos como a redução da liberdade de escolha dos usuários, a maior dificuldade de integração com sistemas legados e o aumento da dependência em relação aos fornecedores dos produtos. Para solucionar esse problema, este trabalho propõe uma arquitetura aberta de integração entre sistemas de gerência de documentos e sistemas de gerência de workflow. O fundamento dessa arquitetura está na utilização de dois padrões emergentes da indústria: o padrão DMA, proposto pela AIIM, e o padrão WAPI, proposto pela WfMC. O padrão DMA consiste de uma API, a ser invocada pelos aplicativos clientes de documentos, de uma SPI, a ser implementada e oferecida pelos sistemas de gerência de documentos, e de um middleware, responsável pela conexão entre os clientes e servidores de documentos. O padrão WAPI consiste de uma linguagem padrão para a definição de processos e de uma API, a ser invocada pelo aplicativo cliente de workflow e implementada pelo sistema de gerência de workflow. A arquitetura proposta compõe-se de três elementos. Primeiramente, um mecanismo integrado para a modelagem de documentos e workflow. Assim, é possível definir quais documentos serão manipulados pelo processo, e que operações cada participante poderá executar sobre ele. Esse mecanismo baseia-se exclusivamente nos padrões oferecidos pela WAPI e pela DMA. Em segundo lugar, é definido e implementado, na linguagem Java, um módulo de software denominado camada de serviços, oferecendo serviços integrados de gerência de documentos e gerência de workflow. Os métodos dessa camada invocam os métodos WAPI e DMA necessários à sua execução. Assim, qualquer DMS aderente à DMA pode ser integrado a qualquer WFMS aderente à WAPI, de forma completamente transparente. Por final, é desenvolvido um aplicativo cliente, também em linguagem Java, que acessa os métodos da camada de serviços, oferecendo uma interface gráfica para o usuário. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade de uma integração aberta entre sistemas de gerência de documentos e sistemas de gerência de workflow. Ainda, mostram a importância de uma modelagem integrada de documentos e workflow. / The document management systems and the workflow management systems areas have been facing an impressive growth in the last years, driven by the desire to achieve important organizational benefits, as an increased information sharing and more efficient processes. Since most business processes involve document manipulation, it is often needed that these systems work together. However, most products are integrated in a proprietary way, therefore reducing user's freedom of choice, increasing the difficulty of legacy systems integration and rising the dependency from product vendors. In order to overcome this problem, this work proposes an open architecture for document management systems and workflow management systems integration. The architecture's fundamentals is the usage of two emerging industry standards: DMA, proposed by AIIM, and WAPI, proposed by WfMC. DMA consists of an API, to be invoked by client document applications, of an SPI, to be implemented and offered by document management systems, and of a middleware, responsible for connecting clients to document servers. WAPI consists of a standard process definition language and of an API, to be invoked by workflow client applications and implemented by workflow management systems. The proposed architecture is composed by three elements. First, an integrated mechanism for document and workflow modeling is defined. Therefore, it is possible to define which documents will be used in the process, and which operations each workflow participant will be allowed to execute over them. This approach is based exclusively on DMA and WAPI standards. Second, it is defined an implemented a software module called services layer, offering integrated document management and workflow management services, using the Java language. This layer's methods invoke the WAPI's and DMA's methods necessary for their execution. Therefore, any DMAcompliant DMS can be integrated to any WAPI-compliant WFMS, in a totally transparent way. Finally, a client application to access services layer's methods and offer the user a graphical interface is developed, also using the Java language. The results demonstrate the viability of an open integration between document management systems and workflow management systems. They also show the importance of an integrated document and workflow modeling.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica. / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-15T23:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 220697.pdf: 2915513 bytes, checksum: 316acaa62b949139582a35cfbeac8f84 (MD5)

A utilização de sistemas de gerência de documentos e de sistemas de gerência de workflow vem crescendo de forma expressiva nos últimos anos, motivados pela expectativa de obter-se benefícios organizacionais importantes, como o maior compartilhamento da informação e o aumento da eficiência dos processos. Pelo fato de a maioria dos processos organizacionais envolver a manipulação de documentos, é necessário, em grande parte das vezes, que esses sistemas trabalhem em conjunto. No entanto, a maioria das integrações entre tais produtos são proprietárias, causando prejuízos como a redução da liberdade de escolha dos usuários, a maior dificuldade de integração com sistemas legados e o aumento da dependência em relação aos fornecedores dos produtos. Para solucionar esse problema, este trabalho propõe uma arquitetura aberta de integração entre sistemas de gerência de documentos e sistemas de gerência de workflow. O fundamento dessa arquitetura está na utilização de dois padrões emergentes da indústria: o padrão DMA, proposto pela AIIM, e o padrão WAPI, proposto pela WfMC. O padrão DMA consiste de uma API, a ser invocada pelos aplicativos clientes de documentos, de uma SPI, a ser implementada e oferecida pelos sistemas de gerência de documentos, e de um middleware, responsável pela conexão entre os clientes e servidores de documentos. O padrão WAPI consiste de uma linguagem padrão para a definição de processos e de uma API, a ser invocada pelo aplicativo cliente de workflow e implementada pelo sistema de gerência de workflow. A arquitetura proposta compõe-se de três elementos. Primeiramente, um mecanismo integrado para a modelagem de documentos e workflow. Assim, é possível definir quais documentos serão manipulados pelo processo, e que operações cada participante poderá executar sobre ele. Esse mecanismo baseia-se exclusivamente nos padrões oferecidos pela WAPI e pela DMA. Em segundo lugar, é definido e implementado, na linguagem Java, um módulo de software denominado camada de serviços, oferecendo serviços integrados de gerência de documentos e gerência de workflow. Os métodos dessa camada invocam os métodos WAPI e DMA necessários à sua execução. Assim, qualquer DMS aderente à DMA pode ser integrado a qualquer WFMS aderente à WAPI, de forma completamente transparente. Por final, é desenvolvido um aplicativo cliente, também em linguagem Java, que acessa os métodos da camada de serviços, oferecendo uma interface gráfica para o usuário. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade de uma integração aberta entre sistemas de gerência de documentos e sistemas de gerência de workflow. Ainda, mostram a importância de uma modelagem integrada de documentos e workflow. / The document management systems and the workflow management systems areas have been facing an impressive growth in the last years, driven by the desire to achieve important organizational benefits, as an increased information sharing and more efficient processes. Since most business processes involve document manipulation, it is often needed that these systems work together. However, most products are integrated in a proprietary way, therefore reducing user's freedom of choice, increasing the difficulty of legacy systems integration and rising the dependency from product vendors. In order to overcome this problem, this work proposes an open architecture for document management systems and workflow management systems integration. The architecture's fundamentals is the usage of two emerging industry standards: DMA, proposed by AIIM, and WAPI, proposed by WfMC. DMA consists of an API, to be invoked by client document applications, of an SPI, to be implemented and offered by document management systems, and of a middleware, responsible for connecting clients to document servers. WAPI consists of a standard process definition language and of an API, to be invoked by workflow client applications and implemented by workflow management systems. The proposed architecture is composed by three elements. First, an integrated mechanism for document and workflow modeling is defined. Therefore, it is possible to define which documents will be used in the process, and which operations each workflow participant will be allowed to execute over them. This approach is based exclusively on DMA and WAPI standards. Second, it is defined an implemented a software module called services layer, offering integrated document management and workflow management services, using the Java language. This layer's methods invoke the WAPI's and DMA's methods necessary for their execution. Therefore, any DMAcompliant DMS can be integrated to any WAPI-compliant WFMS, in a totally transparent way. Finally, a client application to access services layer's methods and offer the user a graphical interface is developed, also using the Java language. The results demonstrate the viability of an open integration between document management systems and workflow management systems. They also show the importance of an integrated document and workflow modeling.

A utilização de sistemas de gerência de documentos e de sistemas de gerência de workflow vem crescendo de forma expressiva nos últimos anos, motivados pela expectativa de obter-se benefícios organizacionais importantes, como o maior compartilhamento da informação e o aumento da eficiência dos processos. Pelo fato de a maioria dos processos organizacionais envolver a manipulação de documentos, é necessário, em grande parte das vezes, que esses sistemas trabalhem em conjunto. No entanto, a maioria das integrações entre tais produtos são proprietárias, causando prejuízos como a redução da liberdade de escolha dos usuários, a maior dificuldade de integração com sistemas legados e o aumento da dependência em relação aos fornecedores dos produtos. Para solucionar esse problema, este trabalho propõe uma arquitetura aberta de integração entre sistemas de gerência de documentos e sistemas de gerência de workflow. O fundamento dessa arquitetura está na utilização de dois padrões emergentes da indústria: o padrão DMA, proposto pela AIIM, e o padrão WAPI, proposto pela WfMC. O padrão DMA consiste de uma API, a ser invocada pelos aplicativos clientes de documentos, de uma SPI, a ser implementada e oferecida pelos sistemas de gerência de documentos, e de um middleware, responsável pela conexão entre os clientes e servidores de documentos. O padrão WAPI consiste de uma linguagem padrão para a definição de processos e de uma API, a ser invocada pelo aplicativo cliente de workflow e implementada pelo sistema de gerência de workflow. A arquitetura proposta compõe-se de três elementos. Primeiramente, um mecanismo integrado para a modelagem de documentos e workflow. Assim, é possível definir quais documentos serão manipulados pelo processo, e que operações cada participante poderá executar sobre ele. Esse mecanismo baseia-se exclusivamente nos padrões oferecidos pela WAPI e pela DMA. Em segundo lugar, é definido e implementado, na linguagem Java, um módulo de software denominado camada de serviços, oferecendo serviços integrados de gerência de documentos e gerência de workflow. Os métodos dessa camada invocam os métodos WAPI e DMA necessários à sua execução. Assim, qualquer DMS aderente à DMA pode ser integrado a qualquer WFMS aderente à WAPI, de forma completamente transparente. Por final, é desenvolvido um aplicativo cliente, também em linguagem Java, que acessa os métodos da camada de serviços, oferecendo uma interface gráfica para o usuário. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade de uma integração aberta entre sistemas de gerência de documentos e sistemas de gerência de workflow. Ainda, mostram a importância de uma modelagem integrada de documentos e workflow. / The document management systems and the workflow management systems areas have been facing an impressive growth in the last years, driven by the desire to achieve important organizational benefits, as an increased information sharing and more efficient processes. Since most business processes involve document manipulation, it is often needed that these systems work together. However, most products are integrated in a proprietary way, therefore reducing user's freedom of choice, increasing the difficulty of legacy systems integration and rising the dependency from product vendors. In order to overcome this problem, this work proposes an open architecture for document management systems and workflow management systems integration. The architecture's fundamentals is the usage of two emerging industry standards: DMA, proposed by AIIM, and WAPI, proposed by WfMC. DMA consists of an API, to be invoked by client document applications, of an SPI, to be implemented and offered by document management systems, and of a middleware, responsible for connecting clients to document servers. WAPI consists of a standard process definition language and of an API, to be invoked by workflow client applications and implemented by workflow management systems. The proposed architecture is composed by three elements. First, an integrated mechanism for document and workflow modeling is defined. Therefore, it is possible to define which documents will be used in the process, and which operations each workflow participant will be allowed to execute over them. This approach is based exclusively on DMA and WAPI standards. Second, it is defined an implemented a software module called services layer, offering integrated document management and workflow management services, using the Java language. This layer's methods invoke the WAPI's and DMA's methods necessary for their execution. Therefore, any DMAcompliant DMS can be integrated to any WAPI-compliant WFMS, in a totally transparent way. Finally, a client application to access services layer's methods and offer the user a graphical interface is developed, also using the Java language. The results demonstrate the viability of an open integration between document management systems and workflow management systems. They also show the importance of an integrated document and workflow modeling.

The current business world is becoming more and more dependent on electronic business. Many paper documents have been made obsolete by electronic documents, as they are easier to automate and track than paper documents. The increased use of computers within organizations has therefore, lead to an increase in use of workflow software products. The increased use of computer-based workflow has allowed organizations to conduct more types of electronic business. This has lead to electronic business crossing organizational boundaries and subsequently a need for heterogeneous workflow systems. For organizations to use heterogeneous workflow systems they must perform their duties in a seamless and secure manner. It is the author’s belief that History-based Separation of Duty principles can be used to formulate access control strategies that reflect the dynamic nature of heterogeneous workflow systems. History-based Separation of Duties relies on the workflow history of a workflow object to determine the access permissions of a particular user to that workflow object. The required workflow history data must be stored in an easily accessible manner. Although this can be achieved through a centralized approach, it is difficult to achieve in a heterogeneous workflow environment where many unrelated workflow systems are interacting across various computer platforms. The model proposed by this dissertation suggests that the workflow history data of a workflow object travels with it in the form of an electronic document, from one heterogeneous workflow environment to another, as a type of “workflow baggage”. In order for this workflow baggage to be easily accessible to all workflow systems in the heterogeneous workflow environment, it must be stored in a universal format, which is structured to allow it to be easily queried. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is adopted as an appropriate format for representing workflow baggage. The proposed model hinges on the expression of Separation of Duty requirements in a way that is removed from the application programs. A policy-driven approach is thus adopted. The implementation of the model involves the utilization of four steps: policy expression, baggage evaluation, document processing and baggage collection. The policy expression step is responsible for developing the Separation of Duty constraints to be enforced within the workflow system. During the baggage evaluation step the baggage of the workflow object is evaluated according to the constraints of the Separation of Duty policy. Only users who do not violate any of the Separation of Duty constraints are allowed to process the workflow object. After the workflow object has been processed the information regarding the processing is recorded in the baggage collection step. The proposed model enables heterogeneous workflow systems to share access control information in a flexible and portable way.

Class of 2005 Abstract / Objectives: 1) Determine the compliance rate with 12 dispensing workflow criteria; 2) note if any dispensing errors occurred; and 3) summarize characteristics of the pharmacies studied (pharmacy staffing, dispensing workload, presence of a drive-through window, etc.). Methods: At least fifty out-window (i.e., pharmacy prescription pick up window) transactions per store were observed within 18 community retail pharmacies. Based on the historic pharmacy error incidence reports, pharmacies were categorized as being either high- or low-risk pharmacies. The compliance rates for the dispensing workflow criteria were observed between high- and low-risk pharmacies and also between different employee categories. Employee categories included pharmacists, pharmacy interns, and pharmacy technicians who were involved in the dispensing process. Results: Between August 2004 and January 2005, a total of 950 out-window transactions were observed. There were statistically significant differences seen between high- and low-risk pharmacies and between the various categories of employees. The lack of the verification of patients’ name and number of prescriptions being picked up were procedures that were more commonly associated with pharmacies reported to have high dispensing error rates. Implications: This study identified several areas where the dispensing workflow criteria were not being performed. Based on this study, the lack of the verification of patients’ name and number of prescriptions being picked up were procedures that were more commonly associated with pharmacies reported to have high dispensing error rates.