archives@tulane.edu / 1 / Sarah Stanton Scism

Thesis (M. A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The aim of the present study was to explore Giyani residents‟ perceptions about xenophobic violence committed by South African citizens. The exploratory design, which is a qualitative paradigm was used to explore residents‟ perceptions about xenophobic violence in Giyani. Purposive sampling, aligned to non-probability sampling procedure was used to select participants. A sample of twenty-two (22) participants between the ages of eighteen (18) and forty-five (45) years were selected from the residents of Giyani Section A. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data from the participants. Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) method was used to analyse the data. The following themes emerged from the study: understanding of xenophobic violence, attitudes of South African citizens towards immigrants, time at which xenophobic violence took place, factors that lead to xenophobic violence, impact of xenophobic violence and measures to curb xenophobic violence. According to the findings of the study, Giyani residents have different attitudes towards immigrants. Most of them seemed to be more tolerant towards foreign nationals. The study findings confirmed that competition over scarce resources; high crime rates and the influence of the media are major factors that lead to xenophobic attacks. Xenophobic violence has been said to have negative impacts on immigrants as well as the host country. During xenophobic attacks most immigrants are reported to lose their lives. The economic growth also gets affected because potential investors and tourists who bring money to the country return to their countries of their origin. KEYWORDS: Immigrants, Perception, Violence, Xenophobia, Xenophobic attack

The main objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge and opinions on Xenophobia among Students in North West University, Mafikeng Campus, North-West Province, South Africa. The hypotheses tested by the research were that negative opinions about foreigners lead to inclination to xenophobia; positive opinions about foreigners lead to non-inclination toward xenophobia and that economic and sociological factors influence negative opinions about foreigners. The results of the study showed that the major source of opinions about foreigners were mostly through personal contact with foreigners possibly within the university environment as foreign lecturers and students account for a sizable percentage of the university population. The majority of the respondents knew and understood xenophobia as hatred and dislike of foreigners. Many of the respondents were of the opinion that only a few South Africans were xenophobic. Only 2.5% actually admitted to having hatred and dislike for foreigners. It was found that whereas the incIination of respondents to xenophobia decreases with increase in friendships with foreigners, it increases with increase in the opinion that foreigners must not be allowed into South Africa. Al so while inclination of respondents to xenophobia increases with increase in the opinion that foreigners are a threat to locals securing matrimonial partners; in their own words "taking away their women", surprisingly it decreases with increase in the view that foreigners are taking the jobs meant for South Africans. Previous studies have shown that attitudes toward xenophobia arc mostly associated with people with very little or no educational exposure and that fear, dislike and hatred, generally result from ignorance. This appears to be the case regarding xenophobia and negative attitudes towards foreigners in South Africa, the primary challenge identified here is education. Adult education at grass-root level has a role to play. It is recommended that citizens be given access to accurate in formation through all sorts of media such as television programmes, radio, newspapers and magazines, to dispel myths and stereotypes about migrants, immigrants and refugees. In addition, a greater sense of continental ism and international ism should be developed in the country through adult education and curriculum reform at schools and through the public pronouncements of opinion-makers. Service delivery should also be improved in the rural areas and township settlements which evidently arc the areas prone to such incidents of xenophobia. Immigration laws should be revised to provide guidelines regarding the issuance and renewal or permits, as well as implementing more stringent steps to ensure effective border control, thereby limiting and eventually curbing illegal migrants in the country. / Thesis (M. Arts) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

The purpose with this essay is to investigate Swedish political parties who have had or has a restrictive immigration policy containing opinions, that can be classified as xenophobic, and their history and development as a party. The focus in this essay is centred on the politicization that the parties Ny demokrati and Sverigedemokraterna have gone through and the mobilization they have reached. The material that will be handled in this matter are mainly the parties’ political programs that have been published in various forms, but these will be supplemented with secondary sources in the form of previous research, reviews by journalists and other literature. The result have shown that the development from 1970 – 1980´s to today considering these type of organizations is that they have changed in their appearance, in the matter of how they convey their message, and the actual appearance of the party members more than the message itself. The strongest evidence in this matter is Sverigedemokraterna which since the election 2010 has gained entrance in the Swedish parliament as a xenophobic party.

In the years immediately following the 1990 reunification of Germany, an increase in anti-foreigner violence threatened the stability of reunification efforts and exacerbated tensions between the East and the West. This paper is concerned with analyzing the underlying causes of the increase in anti-foreigner violence in Germany in the 1990s by evaluating first the period of reunification and the corresponding rise in support for extreme right groups in the former-East Germany. In addition, the history of violence and anti-foreigner sentiment in both East and West Germany are analyzed in conjunction with tensions caused by reunification to ascertain the origins of the post-reunification rise in xenophobic violence. Through this analysis, I show that violence in Germany in the early-1990s cannot be connected to the National Socialist past but rather, that both increases in anti-foreigner sentiment and corresponding violence result from a history in East and West Germany of ethnocentrism and social-exclusion policies directed at foreigners. Finally, this paper focuses on evaluating whether the post-reunification rise of violence in Germany is a unique event or whether it can be better understood as a wider European phenomenon. / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-330). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

M.A. (Industrial Psychology) / South Africa is a diverse country with people from different races, cultures, and socio-economic backgrounds. Yet the differences that exist amongst its citizens are neither embraced nor accepted by all its people. Alexandra Township was chosen as the research site to investigate the xenophobic attacks of May 2008 as this was where the attacks first started. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of Alexandra residents towards the attacks of May 2008 in order to determine their attitudes towards black foreigners. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted in different sections of Alexandra. Interviews were conducted with twelve males and eight females. The findings revealed that lack of service delivery and competition for scarce resources was the major factors that contributed to xenophobic attacks on foreigners. Other factors that played a role included frustration and anger by residents about a feeling of entitlement, i.e. things they felt were owing to them but they had not received such as houses and employment. The study found the views differed between perpetrators of the attacks and observers of the violence. It is clear that xenophobic sentiments are rooted in multiple factors.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of Cape Town's foreign African immigrants by looking at the profile, character and role of immigrant associations and how they shape survival strategies as well as possible paths to the integration of African immigrants. The thesis seeks to develop an understanding of the mediating role played by Cape Town's African foreign immigrant organisations. I also look at the transnational activities of these organizations. I selected Cape Town because it prides itself on liberal values of toleration, diversity and non-racialism while at the same time branding itself as an African City. The City of Cape Town has no comprehensive policy that protects or promotes the immigrants’ interests. The study of the agency and organisations of foreign African immigrants has been singularly neglected by scholars who have been mostly concerned with understanding why South Africans are xenophobic. This study is largely qualitative with life stories interviews that shed light on the context of exit and reception of African immigrants in Cape Town and reveals the hardship immigrants endure and the problems they face in their efforts to integrate into South African society. The thesis shows the different kinds of exclusions African immigrants face in both private and public spaces and highlights also the role of immigrant's organizations in negotiating space and dealing with xenophobic attacks on their community members. My findings concur with the work of key scholars such Alejandro Portes. Immigrant organisations have a variety of activities and sub-organisations that promote both transnational and local collective action. The thesis documents types of immigrant organisations, their characteristics, location, membership, objectives, activities and their efforts in assisting their members in cases of xenophobic attacks. In Cape Town, immigrants have formed organizations that help them to network with one another in order to negotiate space in this hostile environment.

The discourse investigates the relationship between the hierarchical structure of the formal and the network of the informal at both a socio-economic and programmatic level and as the generator of an approach to the design problem. The site is located in the Health Precinct between Braamfontein and Hillbrow, in an area characterised by a thriving informal economy and much illegal activity. During the Apartheid years, Hillbrow came to symbolise the breakdown of racial segregation. Today, the prominence of the foreign population makes Hillbrow a hot-bed of xenophobic sentiment. A study of the social context points towards the emergence in Hillbrow of a new mode of spatial regulation - tending towards the spatial regimes prevalent in African megacities such as Lagos and Accra - which becomes a critical determinant of the entire discourse. The project is a Cultural Centre for the Foreign Community, providing a refuge for the foreign population; a place of meeting and interaction; a platform for an anti-xenophobia campaign, and a wellspring of economic opportunity through the integration of the programmes of the formal and informal economy. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Architecture / unrestricted

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