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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Uticaj faktora sredine na adheziju kvasaca na abiotičke površine / Influence of environmental factors on adhesion of yeasts to abiotic surfaces

Tomičić Ružica 29 May 2018 (has links)
<p>Adhezija i formiranje biofilma kvasaca na kontaktne povr&scaron;ine materijala je ozbiljan higijenski problem u prehrambenoj industriji, jer može biti izvor kontaminacije tokom proizvodnje, dovodeći do velikih ekonomskih gubitaka zbog kvarenja hrane i smanjenja kvaliteta proizvoda, a takođe može da &scaron;teti zdravlju potro&scaron;ača. S drge strane, mnoge infekcije u bolnici uzrokovane su adhezijom vrsta roda Candida na medicinska sredstva i implantate. Međutim, trenutno razumevanje adhezije i kolonizacije kvasaca na abiotičke povr&scaron;ine je ograničeno na samo neke vrste roda Candida, a naročito malo se zna o vrstama roda Pichia kao adhezivnim agensima.<br />Cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije je bio da se proceni potencijal adhezije sojeva kvasaca Candida i Pichia na polistiren povr&scaron;inu, diskove od nerđajućeg čelika (AISI 304, Ra = 25.20 &ndash; 961.9 nm) i drveta sa različitim stepenom hrapavosti povr&scaron;ine, i ispita uticaj hrapavosti povr&scaron;ine na adheziju kvasaca. Hidrofobnost povr&scaron;ine ćelije (CSH) sojeva iz rodova Candida i Pichia je određena u cilju procene korelacije između hidrofobnosti povr&scaron;ine ćelije i adhezije kvasaca na polistiren. Pored toga, ispitan je uticaj različitih medijuma, temperatura, i različitih biljnih ekstrakata na adheziju odabranih sojeva iz rodova Candida i Pichia na povr&scaron;ine diskova od nerđajućeg čelika. Rezultati su pokazali da su svi testirani sojevi kvasaca Candida i Pichia su bili u stanju da adheriraju na polistiren, povr&scaron;ine od nerđajućeg čelika i drveta, ali u različitoj meri. Soj vrste C. albicans je imao veću sposobnost adhezije na polistiren i nerđajući čelik u odnosu na sojeve vrsta C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis i C. krusei. U slučaju kod roda Pichia, sojevi vrste P. membranifaciens su pokazali manju sposobnost adhezije na nerđajući čelik nego ispitivani soj vrste P. pijperi, &scaron;to nije slučaj kod adhezije na polistiren. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata pokazano je da su sojevi vrsta C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, P. pijperi i P. membranifaciens bili izrazito do umereno hidrofobni, dok je soj vrste C. albicans bio hidrofilan, &scaron;to ukazuje da hidrofobnost povr&scaron;ine ćelije (CSH) nije značajno u korelaciji sa količinom ćelija adheriranih na polistiren. Pored toga, na adheziju sojeva kvasaca Candida i Pichia značajno je uticala hrapavost povr&scaron;ine nerđajućeg čelika, dok hrapavost drvenih povr&scaron;ina nije značajno uticala. Dalje mi smo ispitali uticaj različitih medijuma za rast i temperature na adheziju odabranih kvasaca. Primećeno je da je količina adheriranih ćelija kvasaca C. albicans i C. glabrata na povr&scaron;inama od nerđajućeg čelika bila znatno veća u Malt Extract Broth (MEB) medijumu, dok je za C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, P. pijperi i P. membranifaciens bila u Yeast Peptone Dextrose (YPD) medijumu. Na&scaron;i podaci takođe ukazuju da je temperatura veoma važan faktor koji značajno utiče na adheziju ovih kvasaca. Problem adhezije i formiranje biofilma kvasaca na abiotičkim povr&scaron;inama i rastuća otpornost na postojeće antimikrobne agense predstavilo je izazov za nas za pronalaženjem novih alternativnih agenasa biljnog porekla. Stoga mi smo ispitali antimikrobnu i antibiofilm aktivnost biljnih ekstrakata kao &scaron;to su Humulus lupulus, Alpinia katsumadai i Evodia rutaecarpa prema C. albicans, C. glabrata i P. membranifaciens. Na osnovu dobijenih MIC vrednosti, testirani biljni ekstrakati su bili efikasni u inhibiciji kvasaca. Primećeno je da su biofilmovi C. glabrata pokazali veću otpornost na biljne ekstrakte u odnosu na C. albicans. Međutim, ekstrakti A. katsumadai i E. rutaecarpa su promovisani rast i razvoj formiranog biofilma P. membranifaciens.</p> / <p>The adhesion and biofilm formation of yeast on the contact surfaces of the material is a serious hygiene problem in the food industry, because it can be a source of contamination during production, leading to major economic losses due to food spoilage and reduced product quality, and can also affects the consumer&rsquo;s health. On the other hand, many infections in the hospital are caused by the adhesion of Candida spp. to medical devices and implants. However, the understanding of adhesion and colonization of yeasts on abiotic surfaces is limited to only some Candida species, and in particular little is known about Pichia species as adhesive agents.<br />The aim of the research in this doctoral dissertation was to assess the potential of Candida and Pichia strains to adhere to polystyrene surface, stainless steel discs (AISI 304, Ra = 25.20 - 961.9 nm) and wood (beech) with different degrees of surface roughness, and examined the influence of surface roughness on yeast adhesion. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of Candida and Pichia strains was determined in order to assess the correlation between the cell surface hydrophobicity and the yeast adhesion to polystyrene. In addition, the influence of different medium, temperature, and various plant extracts on the adhesion of selected Candida and Pichia strains to to stainless steel surfaces was examined. Our results indicated that all Candida and Pichia strains were able to adhere to polystyrene, stainless steel surfaces and wood in a species- and strain-dependent manner. C. albicans had a higher ability to adhere to polystyrene and stainless steel compared to C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei. Regarding Pichia species, P. membranifaciens strains were less adherent to stainless steel than P. pijperi, what is not the case in the adhesion to polystyrene. Based on the results obtained, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, P. pijperi i P. membranifaciens strains were strongly to moderately hydrophobic while only C. albicans was moderately hydrophilic, indicating that the cell surface hydrophobicity is not significantly correlated with the amount of cells adhered to polystyrene. In addition, the adhesion of Candida and Pichia strains was significantly influenced by the roughness of stainless steel surface, while the roughness of wood surfaces did not significantly influence. Further on we examined the impact of different growth medium and temperature on adhesion of selected yeasts. It was noted that the amount of adhered cells of C. albicans and C. glabrata on stainless steel surfaces were significantly higher in the Malt Extract Broth (MEB) medium, whereas for C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, P. pijperi and P. membranifaciens it was Yeast Peptone Dextrose (YPD) medium. Our data also indicated that temperature is a very important factor which considerably affects the adhesion of these yeast. The problem of yeast adhesion and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and its growing resistance to existing antimicrobial agents, presented a challenge for us to find new alternative agents of plant origin. Hence, we investigated antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of plant extracts such as Humulus lupulus, Alpinia katsumadai and Evodia rutaecarpa against C. albicans, C. glabrata and P. membranifaciens. According to the MIC values, all plant extracts were effective in the inhibition of yeast strains. It was observed that biofilms of C. glabrata are more resistance to plant extracts as compared to C. albicans. However, extracts of A. katsumadai and E. rutaecarpa were promoted the growth and development of a preformed biofilm of P. membranifaciens.</p>
72

Leveduras como bioindicadores de cádmio no solo / Yeasts as indicators of cadmium in soil

Tavares, Ana Claudia Lo Buono 28 June 2013 (has links)
Devido à ampla utilização do cádmio nas indústrias, muitos solos encontram-se contaminados. Vários estudos com bioindicadores estão sendo realizados para detectar cádmio em solos, sendo a maioria com minhocas (Eisenia fetida) e plantas, contudo estes testes são laboriosos e longos. Os micro-organismos tem se mostrado uma alternativa promissora para esta aplicação, pois são de fácil cultivo e manutenção, além de apresentarem uma rápida resposta às alterações ambientais. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar diferentes gêneros de leveduras como bioindicadores de cádmio no solo. Para tanto foram avaliadas dezoito linhagens de leveduras, das quais foram selecionadas três quanto à sensibilidade na presença de cádmio. A levedura Torulopsis utilis var. thermophilus (IZ214) apresentou alta sensibilidade, a Candida utilis (IZ300) sensibilidade mediana e Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Pedra) a menor sensibilidade. O crescimento foi avaliado por espectrometria, através de leituras de D.O. e pela técnica do Trifeniltetrazólio (TTC) para avaliação da viabilidade celular. O uso do TTC mostrouse mais adequado nos bioensaios com leveduras evidenciando as células metabolicamente ativas. Foi avaliado o crescimento das leveduras em extratos de solo com cádmio obtidos pelo extrator CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1. Observou-se que o crescimento das leveduras na maioria dos tratamentos foi igual ou superior ao controle. Isso ocorreu devido à adsorção do cádmio à matéria orgânica e outros elementos. Para comprovar a adsorção do cádmio à matéria orgânica, foi realizado ensaio com a levedura S. cerevisiae (Pedra) onde ao extrato de solo obtido foi adicionado solução de Cd2+. Através da leitura de D.O. foi observada uma taxa de inibição de 75% para 100 mg L-1 de cádmio e, pela técnica do TTC, a taxa de inibição de 100% ocorreu na concentração de 44 mg L-1. Ensaios com sementes foram realizados para avaliar a germinação e crescimento na presença de cádmio. Sementes de Cucumis sativus foram expostas à solução de Cd2+, ocorrendo 100% de germinação e apresentando DL50 de 7,33 mg L-1. Este resultado foi maior comparado aos obtidos para as leveduras avaliadas, as quais apresentaram uma DL50 de 0,89 mg L-1 para a levedura T. utilis (IZ214) e DL50 de 1,86 mg L-1 para a S. cerevisiae (Pedra). As sementes de Zea mays foram expostas ao extrato de solo com cádmio, onde foi obtido uma DL50 de 33,9 ± 3,0 mg L-1 e, nas mesmas condições para a levedura S. cerevisae (Pedra), a DL50 foi de 29,8 mg L-1. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma proximidade de valores nos ensaios com extrato de solo com cádmio entre a semente de milho e levedura. Com isso, foi possível concluir que as leveduras são sensíveis ao cádmio e podem ser uma nova opção de bioindicadores. Além disso, as leveduras e principalmente a S. cerevisiae possuem um alto grau de homologia com os eucariotos superiores, permitindo assim o estudo de aspectos de toxicidade relevantes a biologia humana. / Due to extensive use of cadmium in industries, many soils are contaminated. Several studies are being conducted with biomarkers to detect cadmium in soils, mostly with earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and plants, however, these tests are laborious and lengthy. Micro-organisms have been presented as an alternative to this application, as they are easy to grow and maintain, and offer a rapid response to environmental changes. Thus, the aim of this study was to use different kinds of yeasts as indicators of cadmium in soil. Eighteen yeasts strains were evaluated, from which three were selected for their sensitivity in the presence of cadmium. The yeast Torulopsis utilis var. thermophilus (IZ214), showed high sensitivity, Candida utilis (IZ300), showed a median sensitivity and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ale Yeast) a showed lower sensitivity. Yeasts growth was assessed through spectrophotometry, by reading O.D. and by the technique Triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) to assess cell viability. The use of TTC was more appropriate as an indicator of cell viability in yeast bioassays showing metabolically active cells. We evaluated the growth of yeasts in soil extracts with cadmium obtained by extraction with CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1. It was observed that the growth of the yeast on most of the treatments was equal or superior to the control. This was due to the adsorption of cadmium to organic matter and other elements. To prove the adsorption of cadmium to organic matter, an essay was performed with the yeast S. cerevisiae (Ale Yeast), in which the soil extract solution obtained was added with Cd2+. By reading the O.D. it was observed an inhibition rate of 75% for 100 mg L- 1 cadmium and, by the TTC technique, the highest rate of 100% inhibition occurred at a concentration of 44 mg L-1. Seeds trials were conducted to evaluate germination and growth. Cucumis sativus seeds were exposed to a solution of Cd2+, resulting in 100% of germination and showing a LD50 of 7.33 mg L-1, which was greater than the one measured for yeasts, who had an LD50 of 0.89 mg L-1 to the yeast T. utilis (IZ214) and LD50 of 1.86 mg L-1 for S. cerevisiae (Ale Yeast). The seeds of Zea mays were exposed to soil extract containing cadmium, in which it was noticed a LD50 of 33.9 ± 3.0 mg L-1 and, by having the same conditions for the yeast S. cerevisiae (Ale Yeast), the LD50 was of 29.8 mg L-1. The results showed similar values in tests with soil extract with cadmium comparing the corn seed and the yeast. Thus, it was concluded that the yeasts are sensitive to cadmium and may be a new option bioindicators. Also, yeasts, in special S. cerevisiae, have a high degree of homology with higher eukaryotes, therefore allowing the study of relevant toxicity aspects in human biology.
73

Functional studies of plasma membrane syntaxins in yeast /

Öyen, Mattias, January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
74

Yeast biocontrol of grain spoilage moulds : mode of action of Pichia anomala /

Ädel Druvefors, Ulrika, January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
75

Central carbon metabolism of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala : influence of oxygen limitation /

Fredlund, Elisabeth, January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
76

Functional studies of vesicular transport in yeast /

Barmark, Gunilla, January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
77

Development and validation of chromatographic methods to study folate derivatives produced by yeasts /

Patring, Johan, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.
78

Effect of chloramphenicol, cycloheximide and glucose on nucleic acid synthesis and biogenesis of yeast mitochondria /

Kanit Krisnangkura. January 1969 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Biochemistry))--Mahidol University, 1969.
79

Utilização de parâmetros microbiológicos para avaliação do impacto da contaminação por petróleo e derivados em sedimentos marinhos. -

Pinto, Aline Bartelochi [UNESP] 10 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_ab_me_rcla.pdf: 596619 bytes, checksum: d49075f107bc579ef9e1e0a6e9af23bc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os ecossistemas costeiros são considerados de grande importância sócio-econômica, política e cultural, pois possuem alta produtividade que suporta uma ampla gama de atividades econômicas e de lazer. Possuem elevado valor paisagístico, atraindo inúmeros habitantes e, assim, contribuem ao desenvolvimento das cidades litorâneas. Além disso, oferecem suporte às comunidades biológicas com manutenção de muitas espécies residentes ou que utilizam a zona costeira como berçário para reprodução, beneficiando a biodiversidade como um todo. Sendo uma região que sofre grande pressão antrópica, a Zona Costeira está sujeita a inúmeros impactos causados por atividades humanas, tais como as portuárias, industriais e de exploração de petróleo. Essas geram impactos por lançarem diversos poluentes, entre eles os hidrocarbonetos e metais que podem ter efeito deletério na biota local. No ambiente marinho, o compartimento mais afetado em relação a essa contaminação é o sedimento em função dos derivados de petróleo que atingem as águas costeiras possuírem maior densidade, nele se depositando. Atualmente existe uma grande preocupação com os impactos gerados por atividades antrópicas em ecossistemas litorâneos e muitos estudos têm sido feitos em busca de alternativas para avaliar e remediar tais impactos. Uma delas consiste no uso de micro-organismos tanto como indicadores da contaminação por poluentes quanto para a diminuição da contaminação, processo popularmente conhecido como biorremediação. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: 1) avaliar o efeito da presença de hidrocarbonetos na abundância de bactérias heterotróficas, cianobactérias e leveduras em sedimentos e águas estuarinas de duas regiões distintas, dos Estuários de Santos e do Rio Itanhaém, tanto no que diz respeito às características ambientais... / Coastal ecosystems have great socio-economic, political and cultural importance, as well as high productivity which support a wide range of economic activities and leisure. They have high landscape value thus attracting numerous people contributing to the development of coastal cities. Moreover, its high productivity supports biological communities and maintenance of many species living or using the coastal zone as a nursery for breeding, benefiting whole biodiversity. Being a region that suffers high anthropogenic pressure, the Coastal Zone is subject to numerous impacts caused by human activities such as port activities, industrial and oil exploration. These generate impacts on the environment by launching several pollutants, including hydrocarbons and metals that can have deleterious effects on local biota. The most affected marine environment is the sediment due to oil products that reach coastal waters have a higher density and end up being deposited in sediments. Nowadays there is great concern about the impacts generated by human activities on coastal ecosystems and many studies have been done in search of alternatives to evaluate and remedy such impacts. One alternative is the use of micro-organisms both as indicators of contamination by pollutants and for reduction of contamination, a process popularly known as bioremediation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the presence of hydrocarbons in the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and yeast on sediment and estuarine waters of two distinct regions: The Estuaries of Santos and Itanhaém River are located in the metropolitan area of Santos, Sao Paulo State; and to isolate microorganisms with emphasis on yeasts, for further evaluation of its potential both as bioindicators of hydrocarbon contamination and bioremediation of estuarine sediments in order to contribute... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
80

Rastreamento de leveduras autóctonas para a produção de pectinase, tanase e invertase /

Gargel, Cristiane Abe. January 2011 (has links)
Resumo: Enzimas são de grande importância para a indústria de alimentos, a fim de facilitar e acelerar os processamentos. Pectinases são enzimas amplamente utilizadas no processamento de vinhos, facilitando o processo de maceração, clarificação e a filtração do mosto. Outra enzima de grande importância na fabricação de vinhos, é a tanase. A coloração do vinho se deve à presença de taninos; a oxidação destes compostos em contato com o ar pode causar uma turbidez indesejável e consequentemente perda da qualidade do produto final. Essa turbidez pode ser evitada com o emprego de tanases, que impedem a reação de oxidação. Como a maioria dos formulados comerciais destas enzimas são provenientes de fungos filamentosos nao pertencentes ao ambiente vinicola, estes formulados contêm também outras enzimas não adequadas para aplicação no vinho, produzindo alguns efeitos indesejáveis. Assim, a busca por leveduras autóctonas, isto é, do próprio ecossistema vínico, produtoras de tais enzimas faz-se necessária. Outra enzima de grande importância no processamento de vinhos é a invertase, que hidrolisa a sacarose liberando frutose e glicose. Ao lado da vinificação, a frutose é considerada 40% mais doce que a sacarose, sendo assim, de grande importância ao processamento de vinho. No Brasil, a região de Jales, no Noroeste Paulista, vem despontando como um importante centro de produção de uvas e recentemente alguns produtores começaram a processar vinho de maneira artesanal. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a triagem de leveduras autóctonas isoladas de uma vinícola da região de Jales para a produção de poligalaturonases, tanases e invertases visando a aplicação no processamento e no melhoramento de vinhos. Foram rastreadas diferentes linhagens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Enzymes are important for the food industry in order to facilitate and accelerate the processing of food. Pectinases are enzymes widely used in wine processing, facilitating the process of maceration, clarification and filtration of the must. Another enzyme of great importance in wine production is the Tanase. The color of the wine is due to the presence of tannins, the oxidation of these compounds in contact with air can cause an undesirable turbidity and consequently loss of product quality. This turbidity can be avoided by employing Tanase, which prevent the oxidation reaction. As most of these commercial enzymes are made from filamentous fungi, which do not belong to the winery environment, this formula also contains other enzymes that are not suitable for application in the wine, producing some side effects. Thus, the quest for autochthonous yeasts, ie, from the own wine ecosystem, producing such enzymes is necessary. Another enzyme of great importance in the processing of wine is invertase, which hydrolyzes sucrose releasing fructose and glucose. Besides the importance for winemaking, fructose is considered 40% sweeter than sucrose, therefore, of great importance to the food industry. In Brazil, the region of Jales, Sao Paulo in the Northwest, has emerged as an important center of production of grapes, and recently some farmer began to produce artisanal wine. Thus, this study aimed at screening of autochthonous yeasts isolated from a winery from Jales region, which are able to produce poligalaturonases, Tanase and invertase in order to apply in the processing of wines. From, thirteen different strains belonging to different species of yeast, there were no significant activities to Tanase and pectinases. However, one strain of Candida stellata produced invertase activity, reaching... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Roberto da Silva / Coorientador: Milla Alves Baffi / Banca: Vanildo Luiz Del Bianchi / Banca: Daniela Alonso Bocchini Martins / Mestre

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