This thesis explores the history and current condition of contemporary young adult literature. It looks at why the genre has been marginalized, especially in relation to education and scholarly critique. Chapter one places Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter alongside the contemporary fiction of Hilary Jordan, When She Woke. The discussion of Jordan's work points out the importance of the contemporary work and how it can be used to enhance learning and appreciation for it's canonical predecessor. Chapter two looks at the ghost story as written for the younger range of young adult literature, the crossover novel, and adult literature. Lisa McMann's Cryer's Cross explores how death and ghosts affect those left behind after a trauma and is targeted to a young adult audience. Laura Kasischke's novel The Raising addresses ghostly existences when a college student is supposedly killed by her boyfriend. This book bridges the gap between young adult literature and adult literature. The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold looks at death and loss from the vantage point of the dead and it's subtlety puts it in the group of adult literature. All three novels help their targeted audiences in differing ways and allows for self-exploration of beliefs and values.

Background: The health effects of sheesha smoking are not well addressed. Objective: To assess the association between sheesha tobacco smoking and gene expression pertinent to cancer. Methodology: Three linked studies were carried out: (1) investigation of gene expression in salivary cells before and after exposure to sheesha tobacco smoke in 15 participants; (2) a systematic review of the association between sheesha and cancer; and (3) a pilot survey to collect data on factors potentially relevant to the uptake and cessation of sheesha tobacco smoking. Results: In the short-term, sheesha smoking significantly reduced the expression of both xenobiotic metabolism genes and other genes known to have altered expression in tobacco related cancers in a range between 1.7 times and 55 times. The systematic review showed that sheesha may increase the risk of lung and esophageal cancers. The pilot survey identified misperceptions about safety, in line with other studies, an approach that could be used to investigate the characteristics of sheesha smokers on a larger scale, and specific issues to probe. Conclusion: High quality epidemiological evidence on long-term effects of sheesha smoking on cancer is lacking. However, sheesha smoking has short-term effects on the expression of genes known to be involved in tobacco-related cancers. This is of major concern given widespread misperceptions about the likely safety of sheesha tobacco smoking.

Mountaintop removal is an issue that has plagued Appalachia as companies harvest coal from the mountains and cause consequent environmental and community effects. By focusing on three contemporary young adult novels that feature mountaintop removal, correlations between the novels and the real environmental and community effects can be drawn. The novels examined include: Saving Wonder by Mary Knight (2016), Dig Too Deep by Amy Allgeyer (2016), and The Secret Wisdom of the Earth by Christopher Scotton (2015). Mountaintop removal is a devastating and invasive process, and the costs on the land and people are irreversible as landscapes are drastically altered, water faces pollution, and communities suffer from health issues and mining accidents. Through the problems presented in the novels and their accurate descriptions of the mountaintop removal process, the fictional stories help prove that young adult literature has a purpose, teaches lessons, takes positions on controversial environmental issues, promotes critical thinking, and helps readers better understand their world. Therefore, if these novels can impart knowledge to readers about an environmental process and its consequences, it follows that other young adult novel can hold similar lessons for readers.

This paper examines young adults’ perceptions of work, life, and the balance in between in light of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The intention of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of young adults’ world views for the benefit of organizations. 22 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 to 40 from five different colleges at a Midwestern university participated in a focus group or one-on-one interviews. The age-frame was selected to include young adults in a life stage imperative to their career development. Central themes found in regard to technology use, work, and work/life balance included: viewing technology as access, a divide in preference of integrations vs. separation, viewing technology as expectation, viewing technology as leisure, and parental impact on present-day habits. Participant recommendations for better work/life balance are discussed. Finally, the implications of these findings for organizations are explored.

As one works with adolescents exclusively and realizes that their recreational reading is a basic part of the language arts program, he may think of no subject more important for his study than that of adolescents and their reading. / Typescript. / "August, 1953." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Griffith T. Pugh, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-34).

This is the first part of a multi-draft young adult novel.<br>

The primary objective of this research was to investigate the propensity to migrate the destination choices of young adults, and the importance of individual, household, and community characteristics in these migration choices. Using cohort data from the National Longitudinal Survey ofYouth79 from 1980 to 1998, this study specifies the set of individual-, household-, and community-level of determinants on migrat ion and then incorporates these variables in multivariate analyses to test their direct and relative effects on the migratory behavior of young adult groups. A Cox proportional hazard analysis suggests that among three levels of factors, individual characteristics are the most important determinants of migration, but the migratory behavior is more fully explained by multilevel variables rather than a single-level variable. This research had three foci within the primary objective. First, at the individual level, this study is tbe first step in research that intended to suggest the usefulness of status inconsistency arguments on migration studies. Findings of tbe research indicate that underrewarded individuals are more likely to migrate than those who have balanced status, while overrewarded individuals are less likely to migrate than those who have balanced status. Second, at the household-level investigation, this research focused on the effects of relative conjugal power between husbands and wives on migration. Results suggest that differences in relative power between husbands and wives has only minor effects on migration and the direction of migration, but the quantitative effects of relative power variables are greater for wives than for husbands. Third, at the community-level investigation, this study focused on analyzing the interaction between the residential mobility of individuals and characteristics of the residential areas where they are located. The migration propensity of the most mobile types of people (the more educated whites) has responded more to differences in community characteristics than that of the least mobile types of people (the less educated blacks).

Ruinous Wings is a young adult fantasy novel that examines the drive to seek power and how the power of others can shape our lives. In a world where the gods grant magic to favored mortals through divine birds, those who lack the proper training and affluence are often left at the mercy of Volitants, those who have been blessed with magic. Aina is a pickpocket whose only trusted friend was killed in a Volitant's battle. Vib is a thief and a liar obsessed with the pursuit of fame, even as she runs from her past. Kay is an apprentice historian in a Volitant temple, trapped in a life he does not want for the crimes of his family. When Aina steals a divine bird and is given destructive magic from a mysterious god, the three must work together to stop a brewing war and decide what power is worth to them.

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