本論文共一冊，約十萬字，除前言、結論外，分四章十二節，旨在探討一九一一年武 昌革命爆發後，袁世凱重握政權，主持南北議和的全盤經過與內容，並分析議和達成 的內外在因素。 第一章袁世凱在清末的地位，以軍事、政治、外交三方面論述。第二章議和的醞釀， 首述革命爆發後袁氏的再崛起及應付局勢的肩略安排，次述袁派員赴武昌召撫，末述 袁利用朱芾煌、汪精衛與武昌再度交涉。第三章上海議和，首述袁的君主、民主兩面 討好策略之安排，次述公開議和，最後述祕密談判。第四章議和的達成，先論議和的 頓挫、次言袁的贊成民主，末述清帝退位。最後作結論。

本文之目的在探討我國立法院預算審議制度實務運作現況以及改革方向。以立法院審議九十二年度中央政府總預算案程序為經，相關審議法律規範為緯，分析探討預算審議制度、過程及結果。首先經由預算審議制度之理論及相關文獻進行探討，接著分析我國預算審議制度及實際運作情形，並以主要民主國家美國、日本及英國預算審議制度作探討與比較，最後依據對學者與專家深度訪談意見之彙總分析，提出檢討及強化立法院預算審議制度之建議。結果發現現行立法院預算審議制度之缺失：□委員會未建立資深專業制；□黨團協商存有組成門檻過低，無法反映各政黨在院會的代表性、延擱總預算案審議之時程、黨團協商紀錄只有結論而無過程致立法原意難以查考、黨團協商代表未貫徹利益迴避原則、黨團協商結論凌駕委員會之決定，致損害委員會之預算專業審查功能；□立法委員質詢偏離預算審查議題；□審查預算案未掌握審查重點及審查方式；□全院各委員會聯席會議審議預算功能不彰；□預算委員會委員游走各委員會參與預算審查之表決，影響專業預算審查；□預算審查之專業幕僚單位，有待強化；□預算書編製不夠詳實，預算資訊不夠公開與透明化，影響預算審議效率；□未能如期完成總預算案審議，影響預算執行進度。爰針對缺失提供下列建議：強化委員會專業預算審查機制，以強化其專業性及權威性；立法院預算審議要掌握預算重點；取消全院各委員會聯席會，以增加委員會審查時間；黨團協商機制之改進；強化專業的預算審查幕僚機構；預算編製內容應清晰詳實，預算資訊要公開透明；公開真實政府債務資訊，積極面對並處理。 / This paper is to study the current budget approval system and its possible reform in the Legislative Yuan, ROC. The budget approval system, process and outcomes were analyzed based on the 2003 Government Budgetary and related regulations.The assessments and enhancement suggestions to the budget approval system in the Legislative Yuan of ROC were based on the in depth study of public budgeting theories and literatures on the ROC’s current budget approval system and practice , on the comparative analysis of the budget approval systems of USA , Japan and the United Kingdom and interview with the scholars and budget professions. Some shortcomings of the budget approval system in the Legislative Yuan of ROC were found out. First , the committees don’t build up the seniority professional system. Secondly , the negotiation among different parties has some defects : the low threshold of the negotiation results in unequal representatives of different parties ; the slow process of the negotiation delays the budget approval timetable ; it’s hard to trace the purposes of legislation since it only includes conclusions with no records of discussion process ; the negotiation representatives do not avoid the interests conflicts ; and the conclusion of the negotiation can exceed the decisions made by the committees , damaging the professional function of the committee’s budget approval. Thirdly , the interpellations of the legislators are not related to the issues of the budget approval. Fourthly , the legislators do not dominate the main points and the methods of the budget approval. Fifthly , the function of the Joint Session of All Committees doesn’t perform well. Sixthly , the legislators of the Budget and Final Accounts Committee engage in the budget approval votes of other committees , and it will influence the professional image of the legislators. Seventhly , the professional staff department of the budget approval need to be expanded and enhanced. Eighthly , the budget approval process can be more effective if the budget books are more detailed and the related information is more public. Finally , the delay of the budget approval timetable will impact the execution gradation of the budget. Possible suggestions to overcome the shortcomings are presented as follows : The professional mechanism and the authority of the committees’ budget approval need to be strengthened. The Legislative Yuan should be able to catch up the key points of the budget in the process of the budget approval. The Joint Session of All Committees should be cancelled so that the committees can have enough time to proceed the budget approval. The mechanism of the negotiation among different parties should be improved. The staff department of the professional budget approval should be expanded and its function should be enhanced. The contents of the budget books should be clear and detailed and the information of the budget should be public. Finally , the government should proclaim the real information of the government debts and handle it more aggressively.

有明末造，顧憲成、高攀龍諸君講學東林，風動天下，以致黨禍連結，與國運相始終。「東林」遂為政治史與思想史之一大關目，匪特同世之人，褒貶迭出，自近代以降，學人研究亦稱夥矣。然前人關注之重心，主要為「明末」在朝之「東林黨」；於「東林書院」之活動，尤其是書院在清初的發展演變，尚鮮有及之。本研究擬以順治、康熙兩朝為主要時段，從遺民與當道互動的角度考察東林書院之興復及其講學活動，對學界少有關注的書院祀典之爭加以考述和分析，並探討清初東林學者如何就「氣節」「學統」等議題對明代東林傳統作出反省與建構，希望繇此對東林書院由明入清之歷史變化作一勾勒。 / 本文將清初東林書院之史事置於「道」「勢」相對的框架之中展開分析，相對於前人用「以道抗勢」分析士權與君權的對峙，本文則更關注士人階層内部在「道」「勢」兩重身份之間的張力。儒家士人既要守「道」傳學，又當以「勢」經世，兩者之閒本須權衡調和。而在明清易代之際，「民間學者」與「地方官員」兩種士人身份之殊途，實質上形成了「道」與「勢」的分離。書院作爲一地方性的學術組織，既是在野學者力量之代表，又不能不受制於官方之權力，在此時遂成爲一個「道」與「勢」折衝的空間。然而，「道」「勢」二者之關係在調和之中亦悄然變化。如果說明代的東林運動有一種「以道馭勢」的理想與實踐；那麽在清初書院的發展中，學者本身「政治」一面弱化，「學術」也退守於中行默修，於是「道」乃反為「勢」所羈縻。而在理學委頓、樸學代興這一學術本身的轉折中，「道」「勢」關係之遷變亦可為一機緣。緣乎是，對清初東林書院的研究，不但可以在一個點上展現士人文化與社會風氣的變遷，更能為我們理解傳統中國「政治」與「學術」之互動提供助益。 / The anti-eunuch struggle of the ‘Tung-lin Party’ (東林黨) which was succeeded by continuous partisan disputes in the late Ming Period has long been considered of great significance to understand its contemporary politics and even the collapse of the dynasty. However, the other aspect of this movement, namely the scholarly practice of the Tung-lin academy (東林書院) has not been given equivalent attention. Therefore, the development of the academy after the so-called ‘partisan disaster’ (黨禍) has been, not surprisingly, seldom discussed by existing studies. This thesis aims at providing a historical account of the Tung-lin academy in early Qing period (1644-1722), focusing on four main topics: the organization of public conferences or lectures(講會), the debates over the academy’s pantheon , the discourse on moral integrity(氣節) and the increasing concerns for academic orthodoxy among intellectuals. / Scholars in the academy were by definition involved in the tension between Confucian values(道) and the political authority(勢) since they were supposed to be both academic and political elites. What complicated the issue was the defiant attitude of Ming-loyalists towards the newly established Manchu regime. Although being regarded as shelters for scholars who refused to serve the Qing government, academies could hardly be insulated from those ambitious local officials who were playing the role of patron as well as regulator. By exploring closely the case of Tung-lin academy, this thesis attempts to indicate that, the conflict and compromise between intellectuals and political authorities, alongside with the retrospection upon the cultural crisis of late Ming, had gradually shaped the interest of Qing scholars who inclined to restrain their work purely academic in contrast with their late-Ming predecessors who were enthusiastic about pursuing the political implications of their learning. This very transition could also be reasonably one of the many contributors to the declination of Li-hsüeh(理學，the study of principle). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 胡琦. / "2012年8月". / "2012 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-218). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Hu Qi. / Chapter 緒論 --- 道勢之間：「東林」的多重面向 --- p.7 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「以道抗勢」和「以道馭勢」：儒家士人的内在規定性 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「黨」或「書院」：研究史的回顧 --- p.14 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清議與講學：明代之「東林」傳統 --- p.22 / Chapter 第四節 --- 由明到清：「道」「勢」分合與風氣代變 --- p.39 / Chapter 附論 --- ：東林志乘述略 --- p.44 / Chapter 第一章 --- 遯世與應世：清初東林書院的講學活動 --- p.48 / Chapter 第一節 --- 種得星火：黨禍後東林學脈之承續 --- p.49 / Chapter 第二節 --- 此日再得：清初東林書院之興復 --- p.54 / Chapter 第三節 --- 以故老為師儒：陸世儀之講學 --- p.64 / Chapter 第四節 --- 教化斯民：李顒之南行 --- p.79 / Chapter 第五節 --- 出處之間：關於「講學」的掙扎 --- p.100 / Chapter 第六節 --- 「書院」之外的「東林」 --- p.138 / Chapter 第二章 --- 釐正「東林」：祀典中的權力與歷史 --- p.152 / Chapter 第一節 --- 公私之辨與「官祭」的興起 --- p.156 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「祀典」與「有司」之涉入 --- p.162 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「黨人與書院無與」：湯斌與左周諸公入祀之爭 --- p.170 / Chapter 第四節 --- 「祗慎重於將來，毋更張於已往」：宋犖對東林祀典的釐正 --- p.182 / Chapter 第五節 --- 由「典」到「史」 --- p.188 / Chapter 附錄1 --- ：清初東林書院道南祠入祀記錄簡表 --- p.191 / Chapter 附錄2 --- ：東林書院道南祠全圖 --- p.192 / Chapter 第三章 --- 從「氣節」到「道脈」：清初「東林」觀念的漸變 --- p.193 / Chapter 第一節 --- 小引：「東林」概念之衍生 --- p.193 / Chapter 第二節 --- 氣節本於理學：明代東林之氣節論 --- p.198 / Chapter 第三節 --- 殉國之忠：明清之際的「氣節」 --- p.214 / Chapter 第四節 --- 反思講學：「道脈」論的生長 --- p.219 / Chapter 第五節 --- 篤行默修：士風之轉向 --- p.233 / Chapter 第四章 --- 「宗朱」學統之建成：東林書院與官方朱學思潮 --- p.238 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「尊朱」立場下的調和：明代東林學者對王學的態度 --- p.239 / Chapter 第二節 --- 建構學統：清初東林論學的一個特點 --- p.249 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「官方朱學」與「民間朱學」：一個闡釋框架的再檢討 --- p.259 / Chapter 結論 --- 失「勢」之「道」：清初政治與學術轉向 --- p.281 / 參考書目 --- p.286

胡志偉. / 稿本(電腦打印本). / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學歷史學部. / Gao ben (dian nao da yin ben). / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-177). / Hu Zhiwei. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue li shi xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 / Chapter (一) --- 引言 / Chapter (二) --- 近代學界研究阮元概況簡述 / Chapter (三) --- 本文研究方案 / Chapter 第二章 --- 阮元學術思想述論 / Chapter (一) --- 小引 / Chapter (二) --- 阮元的論學要點述評及與其學術宗旨的關係 / Chapter 1 --- 訓詁 / Chapter 2 --- 求實 / Chapter 3 --- 尚古 / Chapter 4 --- 阮元論學之獨特處 / Chapter 5 --- 阮元論學要點及其大旨的結構關係 / Chapter (三) --- 訓詁的內容 、 理據及其限制 / Chapter (四) --- 義理之層序和檢核標準 / Chapter (五) --- 『訓詁明則義理明 』 的再檢討 / Chapter (六) --- 小結 / Chapter 第三章 --- 阮元的公平學 / Chapter (一) --- 小引 / Chapter (二) --- 阮元思想與公平學的接合處 / Chapter (三) --- 阮元對公平學之態度旁證 / Chapter (四) --- 阮著 《春秋公羊傳注疏校勘記》分析 / Chapter (五) --- 小結 / Chapter 第四章 --- 阮元與 『詁經精舍』 / Chapter (一) --- 『詁經精舍』沿革述略 / Chapter (二) --- 『詁經精舍』之創辦及立學大旨 / Chapter 1 --- 《經籍纂詁》之修撰與『詁經精舍』之關係 / Chapter 2 --- 『詁經精舍』之成立日的與講學宗旨 / Chapter (三) --- 『詁經精舍』課習內容分析 / Chapter 第五章 --- 阮元與『學海堂』 / Chapter (一) --- 『學海堂』之立學緣起及與『詁經精舍』之關係 / Chapter (二) --- 『學海堂』之立學宗旨與陳建《學部道辯》之關係 / Chapter 第六章 --- 阮元與《皇清經解》 / Chapter (一) --- 小引 / Chapter (二) --- "《皇清經解》編修之緣起 ， 經過和續編 / Chapter (三) --- 《皇清經解》作者群與阮元之關係 / Chapter (四) --- 《皇清經解》的學術宗尚與阮元學術規模之關係 / Chapter 第七章 --- 阮元與《十三經注疏》 / Chapter (一) --- 重刊十三經的背景，緣起和經過 / Chapter (二) --- 《十三經注疏》的輯校原則 / Chapter (三) --- 《十三經注疏》簡評 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結論 / 參考書目舉隅 / 後記

許小光. / 手稿本 (c.2 -3 複印本) / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學敎育學院. / Shou gao ben (c.2 -3 fu yin ben) / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 267-290). / Xu Xiaoguang. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue jiao yu xue yuan. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 袁世凱的民事教育建設 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三章 --- 袁世凱的軍事教育建設 --- p.112 / Chapter 第四章 --- 袁世凱的教育思想及教育措置的特點 --- p.165 / Chapter 第五章 --- 袁世凱的教育改革的背景與動機 --- p.204 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論 --- p.250

論文(碩士)--香港中文大學, 1967. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [95-97]). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1967. / 引言──袁世凱受命練兵之原委 / Chapter 第一章 --- 新建陸軍的建立 / Chapter 第一節 --- 成立年月，營址，組織，兵丁數目及其前身 / Chapter 第二節 --- 營制與餉需 / Chapter 第三節 --- 將弁與兵目的來源 / Chapter 第二章 --- 武衛右軍之擴充及拳亂時之行動 / Chapter 第一節 --- 新建陸軍改編為武衛右軍及武衛右軍先鋒隊之建立 / Chapter 第二節 --- 武衛右軍先鋒隊的組織及營制餉章 / Chapter 第三節 --- 肅清山東拳匪保存實力 / Chapter 第三章 --- 新建陸軍在北洋新軍中之重要性 / Chapter 第一節 --- 為北方各省訓練將目 / Chapter 第二節 --- 附設軍事學校 / Chapter 第四章 --- 袁世凱軍事潛力形成的主因 / Chapter 第一節 --- 結納權貴及輸貢行在 / Chapter 第二節 --- 伸展勢力到新軍 / 結論 / 附：上督辦軍務處原稟營利餉章附歸併東省各營的擬營利餉章

Chen Yuan's research on religion had been greatly influenced by his Cultural concern. There were three distinctive ways of expressions in his cultural concern: In his Christian studies, it was reflected on his attempt of indigenization of Christianity in China: Christianity should be seen as a part in the history of Chinese Culture; In his studies of ancient religions, he argued for the assimilation of Chinese Culture to different foreign religions; and in his Buddhist and Daoism studies, he analyzed that religions could save and develop culture, and emphasized the life-force of Chinese Culture. All the three cultural concerns and their different expressions on the relationship between religions and Chinese Culture were responses to the social context. We should take into fully consideration on cultural concern when analyzing his study of religions. / Christian faith is also a key factor in analyzing Chen Yuan's study of religion. In Christian studies, his Christian faith has allowed him to take up both an insider's and an outsider's view and even to be critical in attempting research on Christianity, Again, in the study of ancient religions, his Christian faith has allowed him to adopt more sympathy towards ancient religions, and he could treat other religions "equally" and "sympathetically"; And in Buddhist and Daoism studies, his personal religious experience had again given him a open mind and to respect other religions. In a word, the Christian faith adopted by Chen Yuan did not impede, on the contrary, it exerted more positive influences to his study of religions. / Comparing with the various dimensions of the phenomenology of religion, we can get an even better view regarding his approach on study of religions: His approach was mainly descriptive, historical and comparative; He treated religions equally, objectively, sympathetically, no matter it was his own faith, or other people's faiths; Chen Yuan did not have the intention of developing an autonomous discipline of the study of religion, but he managed to establish the autonomy of "historical study of religion" as a branch of the discipline of history in China. Chen Yuan has also somehow started the study of "history of religions" as a branch of the discipline of religious studies in China, which he might not have the clear intention to do. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / This dissertation attempts to understand and probe the Chen Yuan's study of religions from the perspectives of his historical research, his cultural concern and their relationship with his Christian Faith. In order to explore the Characteristic in Chen Yuan's study of religions, the author also compared his research with some modern approaches of western religious studies, especially compared with Phenomenology of religion. / 劉賢 = On Chen Yuan's study of religions / Liu Xian. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(p. 119-129). / Adviser: Peter Tze Ming Ng. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0224. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (p. 119-129). / Liu xian = On Chen Yuan's study of religions / Liu Xian.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, when young Chinese scholars looked to Western nations for answers in hope of revitalizing a nation that once dominated the East, musicians and poets embarked on a journey of establishing a new Chinese style of music. Three sets of composer/poet collaborations and three different ways of infusing Western culture with Chinese culture laid the foundation for Chinese choral music today. Chao Yuan-Ren was a brilliant linguist and music lover who thought that to simply implant Western music onto Chinese text would suffice–his HaiYun, set to a poem of the equally brilliant poet Xu Zhi-Mo serves as a good example. Huang Zi believed in Confucius’ teachings that all new things must grow out of tradition. He and the lyricist Wei Huang-Zhang extended a literary tradition started in the Tang dynasty and produced Song of Everlasting Sorrow, which illustrates this philosophy quite well. Yet, for the underprivileged people who also loved music, folk songs provided a fertile ground as seen in the works of Xian Xing-Hai. During the second Sino-Japanese War, the poet Guang Wei-Ran and Xian worked hand-in-hand, producing the Yellow River Cantata that contains folksong-like melodies and many folk-music elements. Chinese choral music today is unavoidably connected to these three pieces. This document traces the early history of Chinese choral music through these three pieces and explains their influences on Chinese choral music today.

abstract: ABSTRACT Art historians typically consider Chinese porcelain a decorative art, resulting in scholars spending little time analyzing it as a fine art form. One area that is certainly neglected is porcelain produced during the late 19th and early 20th century during the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911) into the early Republic period (1912–1949). As the Qing dynasty weakened and ultimately fell in 1911, there was a general decline in the quantity of porcelain produced in China. Due to this circumstance, porcelain of this era has not received the detailed analysis, characterization of styles, comprehension of themes, and understanding of patronage evident in other periods of Chinese porcelain production. Ultimately, limited research has been conducted to establish the styles associated with late dynastic porcelain into the early Republic’s establishment. This dissertation utilizes a new perspective that considers the patronage of the Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908) as a high point of late dynastic porcelain. Concrete documentation establishes that motifs were appropriated from Cixi’s painting, suggesting a direct connection between schools of painting and the imagery selected for porcelain during her reign. The porcelain Cixi influenced directly guided the porcelain produced during the Hongxian era (1915-1916), making Cixi’s patronage the key turning point from dynastic porcelain to early Republic porcelain. Utilizing predominately British collections, this study identifies the styles, symbols, and themes associated with porcelain of the 19th and 20th century, elevating late dynastic and early Republic wares to the status of fine art. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Art History 2019

abstract: This dissertation investigates how Yuan zaju drama reshaped Chinese culture by bridging the gap between an inherently oral tradition of popular performance and the written tradition of literati, when traditional Chinese political, social, cultural structures underwent remarkable transformation under alien rule in the Yuan. It focuses on texts dated from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century by literati writers about playwrights and performers that have been treated by most scholars merely as sources of bio-bibliographical information. I interpret them, however, as cultural artifacts that reveal how Yuan drama caused a shift in the mentality of the elite. My study demonstrates that Yuan drama stimulated literati thought, redefined literati self-identity, and introduced a new significance to the act of writing and the function of text. Moreover, the emergence of a great number of successful female performers challenged the gendered roles of women that had been standardized by the traditional Confucian patriarchal system. This careful uncovering of overlooked materials contributes to a better understanding of the social and cultural world of early modern China. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation East Asian Languages and Civilizations 2019