The authors report a case of breastfeeding strike temporally related to the onset of a herpes zoster prodrome involving the left breast.

Herpes zoster is a common disease, affecting up to 30% of the population in their lifetime. We examined the burden of this disease over the period of 1997-2013 using administrative healthcare data to determine changes over time. Key medications used to treat herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia became generic, resulting in costs reductions, where was offset by increased drug utilization leaving drug-episode costs unchanged. Mean per-episode medical costs increased moderately. Combined, these resulted in increased outpatient costs over time. However, dramatic reduction in HZ-related hospitalizations countered these trends, resulting in no net change in overall burden. The total healthcare cost of treating HZ and PHN in Manitoba in 2011/12 was $1,997,183, slightly less than the $2,095,633 burden determined for 1997/98, the first study year. Long-term demographic projections suggest the population will continue to grow and age, likely driving the future burden upwards. / October 2016

Background: Thea ttitudes, knowledge, and experience of health personnel regarding vaccines and preventable diseases contribute importantlyto the success of vaccination programs. Aim: This study aimed to valuate the opinions of healthpersonnel involved in the care of children on the introduction of various new and older vaccines to the Swedish childhood vaccination. We particularly examined the knowledge of varicella diseaseas chickenpox and shingles and attitudes toward the varicellavaccine. Method: We created and administered aquestionnaire on vaccineprioritization forseveral vaccines, including hepatitis A and B,BCG(BacilleCalmette-Guérin) vaccine to preventtuberculosis, pneumococcal, meningococcal, HPV (human papilloma virus), rotavirus, influenza,respiratory syncytial virus,andTBE(tick bornencephalitis virus),and also explored health personnel’s knowledge about the VZV (varicella zoster virus) vaccine and its diseases. In 2006, the study targeted 600 nurses and physicians in Gothenburg, Sweden, whereas the current study in 2012 followed up with 160 school healthcare personnel. Results: The 2006 questionnaire generated 191/600 responses (32%), compared withthe 2012 follow-up questionnaire, which generated 40/160 (25%) responses from school health care personnel. Medical personnel ranked vaccination against hepatitis B highestin both studies. However, our data showed an important shift in attitude regarding HPV and rotavirus vaccination, which ranked lowestin 2006 but higher priority in 2012. Respondents also gave high priority to BCG. In 2006,only 34 of 138 respondents (25%) knew that a varicella vaccine was available, and universal varicella vaccination was generally ranked lower compared with other various vaccines. Additionally, pediatricians and personnel from infectious diseases department in the hospital having direct experience with these verity of varicella and zoster diseases were more likely to support universal varicella vaccination. Interestingly, in 2012 only one third of school healthcarepersonnel favored universal varicella vaccination.The health professionals xpressed a general demand for information and in-depth nowledge about the newer vaccines. Conclusion: If Swedish authorities decide to implement universal varicella vaccine into the current successful vaccination program for children, relevant healthcare personnel will require further education about VZV vaccineand disease / <p>ISBN 978-91-982282-6-7</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005. / "A dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and pharmacology." Advisor: Ashim K. Mitra. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-192). Online version of the print edition.

A neuralgia pós-herpética é uma complicação da infecção pelo vírus da varicela zoster (VVZ). O nervo trigêmeo é acometido em cerca de 20-25% dos casos. Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade orofacial de doentes com NPH trigeminal e identificar as características odontológicas da amostra. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: exame sensitivo padronizado da face (algiometria, testes de sensibilidade térmica e táctil), questionário RDC/TMD, eixo I e II, (critérios de diagnóstico em pesquisa) para o diagnóstico de disfunção mandibular (DTM), protocolo para avaliação de dor orofacial (EDOF-HC), questionário McGill para avaliação de dor, exame periodontal (índice de placa - IP, índice de sangramento - IS, índice de profundidade clínica de sondagem - PCS e índice de profundidade clínica de inserção - PCI), e o índice CPO-D (somatória do número de dentes cariados, perdidos em razão de cárie dentária e restaurados). Houve diferença significativa entre o lado ipsolateral e o contralateral aos testes de sensibilidade no V1 com frio (p=0,038), vonFrey (p=0,008), alfinete (p=0,022) e algiometria (p=0,001); no V2 com frio (p=0,034), calor (p=0,019) e alfinete (p=0,037) e no V3 com frio (p= 0,042) e calor (p= 0,036); e na região intra-oral com alfinete (p=0,021). Dos 19 pacientes avaliados, 63,2% eram desdentados totais, a média do CPO-D foi de 28,3, a média do índice de placa foi de 48,0 e a média do índice de sangramento foi de 31,6. Neste estudo, 21% dos doentes relataram lesão na cavidade oral como sinal inicial do Herpes zoster. Com relação à condição músculo-esquelética da face (RDC/TMD), 78,9% tinha dor miofascial à palpação. Como conclusão destaca-se alteração de sensibilidade ipsolateral, mesmo nos ramos onde não houve erupção do VVZ, hipoalgesia em V1 e na mucosa oral ipsolateral; saúde oral comprometida, dor miofascial mastigatória e anormalidade da ATM na maioria dos doentes. / Postherpetic neuralgia is a complication after a varicella-zoster virus infection (VZV), affecting the trigeminal nerve in about 15-25% of the cases. This transversal study had the objective to evaluate the orofacial sensitivity and odontological characteristics of patients with trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. The instruments used were: mechanical, thermal and pain sensory test, RDC/TMD questionnaire axis I and II (research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders), EDOF-HC protocol (for orofacial pain), McGill´s questionnaire, periodontal form (plaque index, blending index, clinical insertion and clinical deep level measures, to evaluate the periodontal disease as well the activity of disease) and DMFT index (Add of the number of teeth decayed, lost because caries and restored). There was significant difference compared the affected and the opposite side for tests of sensitivity at V1 with cold (p=0.038), vonFrey (p=0.008), pinpricks (p=0.022) and algiometric (p=0.001); at V2 with cold (p=0.034), heat (p=0.019) and pinpricks (p=0.037) and at V3 with cold (p = 0.042) and heat (p = 0.036) and in the intra-oral region with pinpricks (p=0.021). 63.2 % was edentulous, the average of the DMFT was 28.3, the average of the plaque\'s index was 48 and the average of the blending index was 31.6. In this study, 21 % of the patients reported lesion in the oral cavity like initial sign of the Herpes zoster. 78.9 % had myofascial pain with palpation (RDC/TMD). The main conclusions were alteration of sensitivity in the ipsolateral, even in the branches wherethere were no eruptions of the VVZ, hypoalgesia at V1 and oral mucosa ipsolateral; poor oral heath, masticatory myofascial pain and abnormality of the TMJ in the majority of the patients.

Contexte Malgré le développement des connaissances physiopathologiques et la généralisation des techniques de biologie moléculaire, l'étiologie des encéphalites reste inconnue dans la majorité des cas. Leur incidence, le pronostic des patients à moyen et court terme et la persistance et la gravité des séquelles sont inconnus. Les objectifs de ce projet étaient d'améliorer les connaissances sur l'étiologie des encéphalites en France et dedécrire les patients hospitalisés en France pour encéphalites en terme cliniques, biologiques, démographiques, épidémiologiques et pronostiques Matériel et méthode Les patients de plus de 28 jours répondant à la définition de cas étaient inclus au cours de l'année 2007. Une exploration des étiologies possibles était effectuée selon une stratégie pré-définie. Des informations épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et biologiques étaient recueillies à l'aide de questionnaires standardisés à l'admission, 5 jours après et à la sortie de l'hôpital. Cette étude était réalisée selon la règlementation en vigueur. Le devenir à long terme des patients a été évalué au cours de l'année 2010 à l'aide de questionnaires standardisés. Les données recueillies concernaient les symptômes persistants, la reprise des activités de loisirs, la reprise du travail ou de la scolarité et la qualité de vie. Le déclin cognitif était évalué auprès de la famille des patients à l'aide du test QIDECO. La mesure principale de l'issue de l'encéphalite était le Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Résultats 253 patients atteints d'encéphalites aiguës ont été inclus. Un agent étiologique a été identifié pour 131 (52%) d'entre eux. Les agents étiologiques les plus fréquemment identifiés étaient le virus Herpes simplex (HSV, n=55), le virus Varicella Zoster (VZV, n=20), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n=20) et Listeria monocytogenes (n=13). Vingt-six patients (10%) sont décédés durant l'hospitalisation. En 2010, 176 patients ont pu être inclus et évalués. L'issue de l'encéphalite était favorable pour 61% des patients et défavorable pour 39%. Parmi les patients qui travaillaient avant l'encéphalite, 24% n'avaient pas repris le travail au moment de l'évaluation. Les patients qui avaient présenté une encéphalite herpétique en 2007, avaient un GOS étaient moins bon que les autres patients. Discussion Notre travail a permis une amélioration significative de la proportion d'encéphalites pour lesquelles un diagnostic étiologique est établi. Nous avons montré que les bactéries occupent une place non négligeable dans les causes de ce syndrome, et sont responsables de la majorité des décès survenant durant la phase aigue des encéphalites. A long terme, une proportion importante de patients présente des séquelles significatives ce qui témoigne de la transformation de l'encéphalite en maladie neurologique et neuropsychologique chronique une fois l'épisode infectieux aigu résolu. La fréquence importante des séquelles d'encéphalite herpétique relativise le succès obtenu en terme de létalité avec la généralisation de l'aciclovir. Conclusion Notre travail permet de définir des recommandations utilisables en routine pour le diagnostic étiologique des encéphalites, et le suivi à long terme des patients qui devrait être généralisé. Les encéphalites herpétiques doivent faire l'objet de recherche physiopathologique pour expliciter lagravité résiduelle de la maladie en dépit d'un traitement spécifique, et proposer une meilleureprévention et une meilleure prise en charge des séquelles. / Abstract Background Despite a better knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms and the generalisation of molecular biological Tools, the aetiology of encephalitis is still undetermined in most cases. Their incidence, the short-term and long-term prognosis of the disease and the persistence of sequelae are unknown. The objectives of this work were to improve the knowledge about the aetiology of encephalitis in France and to describe the patients hospitalized in France with encephalitis according to clinical, biological, demographic, epidemiological and outcome data. Methods Patients aged 28 days or more, who fitted the case definition, were enrolled in 2007. The investigation of aetiological diagnosis was carried out according to a previously defined diagnosis strategy. Epidemiological, clinical and biological data were collected using standardised questionnaires on admission, on day 5 of hospitalisation and on discharge. The study was carried out in accordance with French regulations. The long-term outcome of patients was assessed in 2010. Data collected encompassed persisting symptoms, resuming leisure activities, return to wok or resuming education and quality of life. Cognitive decline was assessed with patients' relatives using IQCODE. The main outcome measure was the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Results 253 patients presenting with acute encephalitis were included. A causative agent was identified for 131 (52%) of them. Most frequent causative agents were Herpes simplex virus (HSV, n=55), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV, n=20), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n=20) and Listeria monocytogenes (n=13). Twenty-six patients (10%), died during hospitalisation. In 2010, 176 patients could be included and assessed. The outcome of encephalitis was favourable for 61% of patients and 39% had a poor outcome. Among patient employed before onset of encephalitis, 24% had not returned to work at the time of evaluation. Patients who presented with herpes encephalitis in 2007 had a lower score on GOS than other patients. Discussion Our study resulted in a important improvement of the proportion of encephalitis with a causative agent identified. We demonstrated that bacteria play a significant role as causes of encephalitis, and are responsible for most death occurring during the acute stage of encephalitis. An important proportion of patients presented long-term sequelae, illustrating the evolution of encephalitis from an acute infectious disease toward a chronic neurological disease. The high frequency of sequelae following herpes encephalitis is a shadow on the success of aciclovir. Conclusion Considering our results, we can propose recommendation for the everyday management of encephalitis patients, both to achieve aetiological diagnosis and a long-term follow-up that should be extended to all encephalitis patients. Herpes encephalitis should be more studied on pathophysiological aspects to explicate the severity of the disease despite the existence of a specific treatment, and to propose better prevention and management of sequelae.

A neuralgia pós-herpética é uma complicação da infecção pelo vírus da varicela zoster (VVZ). O nervo trigêmeo é acometido em cerca de 20-25% dos casos. Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade orofacial de doentes com NPH trigeminal e identificar as características odontológicas da amostra. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: exame sensitivo padronizado da face (algiometria, testes de sensibilidade térmica e táctil), questionário RDC/TMD, eixo I e II, (critérios de diagnóstico em pesquisa) para o diagnóstico de disfunção mandibular (DTM), protocolo para avaliação de dor orofacial (EDOF-HC), questionário McGill para avaliação de dor, exame periodontal (índice de placa - IP, índice de sangramento - IS, índice de profundidade clínica de sondagem - PCS e índice de profundidade clínica de inserção - PCI), e o índice CPO-D (somatória do número de dentes cariados, perdidos em razão de cárie dentária e restaurados). Houve diferença significativa entre o lado ipsolateral e o contralateral aos testes de sensibilidade no V1 com frio (p=0,038), vonFrey (p=0,008), alfinete (p=0,022) e algiometria (p=0,001); no V2 com frio (p=0,034), calor (p=0,019) e alfinete (p=0,037) e no V3 com frio (p= 0,042) e calor (p= 0,036); e na região intra-oral com alfinete (p=0,021). Dos 19 pacientes avaliados, 63,2% eram desdentados totais, a média do CPO-D foi de 28,3, a média do índice de placa foi de 48,0 e a média do índice de sangramento foi de 31,6. Neste estudo, 21% dos doentes relataram lesão na cavidade oral como sinal inicial do Herpes zoster. Com relação à condição músculo-esquelética da face (RDC/TMD), 78,9% tinha dor miofascial à palpação. Como conclusão destaca-se alteração de sensibilidade ipsolateral, mesmo nos ramos onde não houve erupção do VVZ, hipoalgesia em V1 e na mucosa oral ipsolateral; saúde oral comprometida, dor miofascial mastigatória e anormalidade da ATM na maioria dos doentes. / Postherpetic neuralgia is a complication after a varicella-zoster virus infection (VZV), affecting the trigeminal nerve in about 15-25% of the cases. This transversal study had the objective to evaluate the orofacial sensitivity and odontological characteristics of patients with trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. The instruments used were: mechanical, thermal and pain sensory test, RDC/TMD questionnaire axis I and II (research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders), EDOF-HC protocol (for orofacial pain), McGill´s questionnaire, periodontal form (plaque index, blending index, clinical insertion and clinical deep level measures, to evaluate the periodontal disease as well the activity of disease) and DMFT index (Add of the number of teeth decayed, lost because caries and restored). There was significant difference compared the affected and the opposite side for tests of sensitivity at V1 with cold (p=0.038), vonFrey (p=0.008), pinpricks (p=0.022) and algiometric (p=0.001); at V2 with cold (p=0.034), heat (p=0.019) and pinpricks (p=0.037) and at V3 with cold (p = 0.042) and heat (p = 0.036) and in the intra-oral region with pinpricks (p=0.021). 63.2 % was edentulous, the average of the DMFT was 28.3, the average of the plaque\'s index was 48 and the average of the blending index was 31.6. In this study, 21 % of the patients reported lesion in the oral cavity like initial sign of the Herpes zoster. 78.9 % had myofascial pain with palpation (RDC/TMD). The main conclusions were alteration of sensitivity in the ipsolateral, even in the branches wherethere were no eruptions of the VVZ, hypoalgesia at V1 and oral mucosa ipsolateral; poor oral heath, masticatory myofascial pain and abnormality of the TMJ in the majority of the patients.

No description available.

<p>Uvod: Varičela (Varicella, Ovčije boginje) i herpes zoster (Herpes Zoster) su bolesti koje izaziva virus varicella - zoster. Varičela spada u najče&scaron;će dečje osipne groznice. Herpes zoster je bolest ljudi starijeg životnog doba. Imunizacija protiv varičele i herpes zostera je dala značajne rezultate u prevenciji ovih bolesti. Raspoloživi epidemiolo&scaron;ki pokazatelji nisu dovoljni za uvođenje adekvatnog programa imunizacije protiv ovih bolesti u na&scaron;oj zemlji. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se na teritoriji Vojvodine utvrde: seroprevalencija varicella-zoster virusnih antitela, epidemiolo&scaron;ke karakteristike obolelih od varičele u periodu 1994&minus;2014. godine i obolelih od herpes zostera u periodu 1997&minus;2005, uzrasno specifične incidencije i udeo hospitalizovanih u ukupnom broju obolelih od varičele odnosno herpes zostera u periodu 2010&minus;2014. godine. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje epidemiolo&scaron;kih karakteristika varičele i herpes zostera je sprovedeno retrospektivno, analizom podataka iz epidemiolo&scaron;kog nadzora. Seroepidemiolo&scaron;ko istraživanje je sprovedeno prospektivno (april 2015&minus;februar 2016). Prikupljeno je 3.570 rezidualnih seruma uz prethodno informisanje i pisanu saglasnost pacijenata. Uzorak je reprezentativan za populaciju Vojvodine, prema mestu stanovanja, polu i uzrastu. Imunokompromitovani i primaoci transfuzije krvi u poslednjih &scaron;est meseci su izuzeti iz istraživanja. Testiranje seruma je sprovedeno ELISA testom u Centru za virusologiju Instituta za javno zdravlje Vojvodine. Referentna evropska laboratorija prosledila je referentni panel seruma koji je testiran pre i tokom testiranja banke seruma. Standardizacija rezultata je sprovedena na osnovu jednačine koju je prosledio Public Health England (PHE). Izračunata je i analizirana seroprevalencija antitela u odnosu na uzrast, pol i područje stanovanja. Istraživanje incidencije hospitalizovanih slučajeva varičele i herpes zostera sprovedeno je retrospektivno prikupljanjem podataka o hospitalizacijama. Statistički značajnim smatrane su vrednosti na nivou značajnosti p &lt; 0,05 a visoko statički značajnim p &lt; 0,01. Rezultati: Seroprevalencija antitela protiv virusa varicella-zoster u testiranom uzorku populacije Vojvodine je 84%. Utvrđen je očekivano visok procenat seropozitivne dece do navr&scaron;enih devet godina života (73,3%). Osim u uzrasnim grupama &lt; 1 i 1&minus;4 godine, seroprevalencija raste sa uzrastom. Varičela se u Vojvodini održava endemo-epidemijski sa visokim incidencijama. U posmatranom periodu, najvi&scaron;a uzrasno specifična incidencija varičele se registruje u uzrastu 5&minus;9 godina (5.824,6/100.000 stanovnika) i 0&minus;4 godine (5.000,7/ 100.000 stanovnika). Od varičele su če&scaron;će obolevali mu&scaron;karaci dok su žene značajno će&scaron;će obolevale od herpes zostera (p = 0,000 &lt; 0,01). Incidencije varičele i herpes zostera se značajno razlikuju u odnosu na mesto stanovanja. Udeo hospitalizovanih u ukupnom broju obolelih od varičele bio je od 0,7 do 0,9%. Najvi&scaron;a uzrasno specifična incidencija hospitalizovanih sa varičelom registrovana je u uzrastu 0&minus;4 godine i opada sa uzrastom. Incidencija herpes zostera najvi&scaron;a je kod starijih od 60 godina života (970,2/100,000 stanovnika), dok je incidencija hospitalizovanih slučajeva herpes zostera najvi&scaron;a kod starijih od 65 godina (105,7/100.000). Udeo hospitalizovanih slučajeva herpes zostera u ukupnom broju obolelih od herpes zostera se kretao u rasponu od 2,2 do 3,6 % ( &ge;2% ). Zaključak: Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da varičela i herpes zoster značajno opterećuju zdravstveno stanje na&scaron;eg stanovni&scaron;tva zbog čega postoji osnov za uspostavljanje epidemiolo&scaron;kog nadzora i kreiranje adekvatnog programa imunizacije.</p> / <p>Introduction: Varicella (Varicella, Chicken pox) and herpes zoster (Herpes Zoster) are diseases caused by the Varicella- zoster virus. Varicella is the most common children&#39;s rash-causing fever. Herpes zoster is mainly a disease of elderly people. Immunisation against varicella and herpes zoster have led to significant results in the prevention of these diseases. Available epidemiological indicators are not sufficient for introduction of an adequate program of immunization against these diseases in our country. The aim of the research was to establish: seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus antibodies, the epidemiological characteristics of patients with varicella in the period 1994-2014. and patients with herpes zoster in the period 1997-2005, age-specific incidence and share of hospitalized patients in the total number of patients with varicella and herpes zoster in the period 2010-2014, in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Material and methods: The study of epidemiological characteristics of varicella and herpes zoster was conducted retrospectively by analyzing data from epidemiological surveillance. Seroepidemiological study was conducted prospectively (April 2015- February 2016). The total of 3.570 residual sera were collected with previously taken written informed consents of patients. Immunocompromised patients and recipients of blood transfusions in the last six months were not included in the survey. The sample was representative by residence, sex and age for population of Vojvodina. Testing of sera was conducted by ELISA tests at the Center for virusology, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina. Reference European laboratory forwarded the reference panel serum which was tested before and during the testing of serum bank. Standardization of the results was based on the equation previously sent by Public Health England (PHE). Seroprevalence of antibodies was calculated in relation to the age, sex and area of residence. Incidence of hospitalized cases of varicella and herpes zoster was determined by retrospective collection of hospitalization data. Statistically significant was considered values at a significance level of p &lt; 0,05 and highly statistically significant at p &lt; 0,01. Results: The seroprevalence of antibodies against Varicella- zoster virus in the sample of the population of Vojvodina was 84%. High percentage of seropositive children under the age of nine years of age (73,3%) was determined, as expected. The seroprevalence increases with age, except in the age groups &lt;1 and 1-4. Varicella in Vojvodina maintains endemo-epidemic mode with high incidence. In the observed period, the highest age-specific incidence of varicella is registered in the age group 5-9 years (5.824,6/100.000 inhabitants) and at the age of 0-4 years (5.000,7/100.000 inhabitants). Varicella was found significantly more often in men while herpes zoster was more often in women (p= 0,000 &lt;0,01). Incidence of varicella and herpes zoster significantly varied among the population of certain municipalities in Vojvodina. The share of hospitalized patients in the total number of patients with varicella ranged from 0,7 to 0,9%. The highest age-specific incidence of hospitalized patients with varicella was registered in the age of 0-4 years and decreases with age. The incidence of herpes zoster is highest in people over 60 years of age (970,2/100.000 inhabitants), whereas the incidence of hospitalized cases of herpes zoster was highest in patients over 65 years (105,7/100.000). Proportion of hospitalized cases in the total number of patients with herpes zoster ranged from 2,2 to 3,6% . Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that varicella and herpes zoster are significant burden of the health status of our population and there is a basis for the establishment of epidemiological surveillance and creation of an adequate program of immunization.</p>

Previous healthcare-based studies have reported increasing herpes zoster (HZ) incidence over time; however, this could be an artifact of increased healthcare utilization. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 15,103 respondents in the 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to evaluate changes in HZ incidence from 1940 to 2008. Negative binomial regression is used to model the effect of calendar year, age of onset of HZ, gender and race/ethnicity on HZ incidence. A nonparametric method based on B-spline basis expansion is used to model the effect of calendar year to avoid imposing a predetermined functional form and produce flexible and accurate estimates. This study demonstrates increasing HZ incidence from 1940 to 2008 using self-reported HZ. Although the reason for this increase remains unknown, this study supports the assertion that this trend is real and not an artifact of increasing healthcare utilization for HZ over time.