環境影響評估法自實施以來已屆滿十二年，該制度首開國內將民眾參與納入制度中之先例，原本其立意是讓與環境切身相關的民眾得以參與公共政策，以減少衝突，然而，民眾不滿審查結果的相關爭議卻未曾停歇，據此，本研究認為應該找出開發案例特性、參與方式與審查結論之間的關係，以增進對我國環評實務的瞭解。本研究是以環境影響評估資料庫中的書件查詢系統為研究對象，主要目的在於瞭解1996年至2005年行政院環保署所累積之中央開發案例之趨勢，以期對於參與程序做實證評估促使評估機制獲得社會的公平與信賴，減少抗爭衝突之發生。
本論文首先透過文獻探討公民參與之意義與限制，並以理性選擇學派對於參與之詮釋，釐清參與可能遭受的挑戰與問題，其次檢閱目前與環境影響評估研究相關的文獻，藉此找出本文之定位，並整理各類文獻，建構本研究對於參與情形之評估構面與操作化問題，並以之為內容分析法問卷之基礎。
實證資料蒐集時，以參與主體、資訊公開以及民意調查五大準則先進行資料內容之評估、分類與編碼，據此進行統計分析與比較，最後進行訪談。整體案例共有440件，彙整統計資料加以分析討論，輔以訪談內容，得出相關研究結果，本研究之發現如下：
一、在整體趨勢上，以委員會年度而言，近半數之開發案例集中於90年至93年四年期間；開發單位方面，若將國營事業列入政府相關單位計算，則政府與民間企業的開發案件趨近一比一；在開發類別，顯示我國仍偏重交通之硬體建設之開發；在基地行政轄區，開發案例明顯集中於北部及南部兩大區域；在審查結論上，全部案例之中有八成開發案於第一階段通過審查。
二、法律規範參與方式之實際參與情形為，以公開說明會實行比例最高、環保團體之出席狀況偏低、民眾踴躍參與公開說明會，現場勘查參與情況不佳、政府人員與專家委員與民意代表參與習慣之差異。
三、民意調查之實行情形為，開發單位偏好實行民意調查更甚於其他參與程序、引導式問卷問題已逐漸改善，但問卷之效度仍須注意。
四、以440件案例中有舉辦民調之213件案例，探討民眾意見與專家結論關係，研究結果發現，審查結果通過之案例其整體贊成開發民眾之比例，明顯大於審查結果為不通過之民眾比例。 / The law of environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been implemented for 12 years. EIA, in order to reduce the conflict by facilitating civil participation in the policy making process, is the first institution for civil participation in our country. However, people’s dissatisfaction with the results of the environmental impact assessment never ebbs. Accordingly, this study attempts to find out the relationship among the development cases, methods of civil participation and the deliberative results, in order to facilitate the understanding of the EIA in. Taiwan.
The main purpose lies in understanding the trend of the deliberative result of the development cases in the environmental protection administration of the central government in Taiwan by means of assessing these cases, expecting to make the mechanism and its procedure trustworthy for society and reduce the emergence of the conflicts. The target of the study is 440 EIA cases from the electronic research system in the EIA database, from 1996 to 2005. To build evaluative items and check participatory pattern differences, the study is proposes three frames, including the participatory subjects, information disclosure and five major criterion of public opinion polls, followed by content analysis and data coding. After carrying out statistical analysis and comparison through the above framework, the officers were interviewed to verify and supply the previous results.
After integrating quantitative and qualitative results, the results of this research are as follow:
First, looking at the time period as a whole, nearly one half of the cases were held during a four year period (from 2001 to 2004); for organization of exploitation, the number of cases possessed by the government was as much as folk enterprise; for the classification of exploitation, the data showed that our country still stresses the development of hardware construction of the traffic; for the administrative areas of the exploitation base, obviously the cases polarize on the north and the south of the island; and the final conclusion of the examination show that 80% of the developing cases are being passed at the first stage of EIA.
Second, the actual situation of legal ways of participating is that public explanation meetings were held more frequently than other ways; the rate of attendance of environmental protection group and scene inspection was low; people participated enthusiastically in public explanation meetings; and there was difference of participation (participating) behaviors between the committee members and governmental officials.
Third, the situation of conducting polls is, exploitation organization prefer conducting poll far more than other methods; the situations of inductive questionnaire had been improved gradually already, still, researchers must pay attention to validly of questionnaire.
Finally, there are 213 cases of conducting polls out of 440 cases, which obviously shows that in most cases a favorable result (“pass”) is given by the people rather than an unfavorable result (“fail”).
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0093256003 |
| Creators | 邱玲裕 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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