台灣模具產業具有交期短、品質好、價格具有競爭力、製程安排彈性大等優勢，因此在高科技產業供應鍊中扮演關鍵性的角色。唯近年來，台灣許多高科技產業的外移，造成模具業產值最近連續三年呈現下降與核心技術外流，成為模具業所面臨的嚴重考驗。如何留住核心技術人才，加強研發新的關鍵技術並將研發成果取得智慧財產權相關法律保護，並以必要的組織、制度、人才、措施等妥善加以管理，已經成為模具業以及關連高科技產業必須面對的重要課題之一。
本研究以策略管理的角度切入，探討由策略前提所形成之策略，與智慧財產權管理實際運作下，對「台灣模具業及其關連高科技產業的智慧財產權管理發展現況及當前問題」提出適當建議與解決之道。
研究對象為台灣五家經營績效良好之模具業者及關連高科技業者。模具業者包含金屬沖壓、塑膠射出成型、與壓鑄模具業者；關連高科技業者則包含連接器、筆記型電腦、與行動電話業者。其中三家模具業者尚未擁有專利保護，而兩家關連高科技業者之專利保護已有相當成效。本研究主要發現如下：
一、不同的企業規模，對改善技術能力作法有其差異：
（一）共同研發新技術：中小企業傾向與國內研發機構共同研發，並取得新技術之全部或部份智慧財產權或取得授權使用新技術；大型企業則傾向自行研發為主。
（二）自國外引進新技術：中小企業傾向委託財團法人或智財科技服務公司從技術先進國家引進技術；大型企業則傾向自行引進技術為主。
（三）向技術相對落後國家移轉技術方面：
1.中小企業傾向透過財團法人或智財科技服務公司之協助移轉技術，對於較單純之案件可自行為之。
2.大型企業可自行為之或採上述方法，委託專業之單位或公司為之。
3.台灣企業對大陸投資之子公司，大部分並未針對技術移轉收取權利金，僅由子公司之獲利盈餘分配取得回饋，尤以持股比例較大者最為普遍。
二、國內模具業及關連高科技產業智慧財產權管理現況為：
（一）制定「營業秘密管理辦法」，規範各業務或利害關係人之營業秘密保護要項：
1.影響製造精度之技術
2.訪客參訪流程與動線
3.與供應商相關之營業秘密
4.顧客之營業秘密
5.矯正預防措施單
（二）制訂「專門技術管理辦法」，加強專門技術保護
1.規範「提案改善制度」
2.培養技術專家
3.掌握專門技術人力資源，塑造：
（1）尊重專業
（2）對等報酬
（3）生涯規劃等制度完善之企業文化。
（三）專利管理制度：
1.建立提案與獎勵制度：
對創新提案、申請專利、專利核准、與達成技術移轉等階段均核發獎金，以鼓勵員工技術創新。
2.專利維護：
對專利佈局同時重質與量之提升，專利權之維護，則以成本效益為主要考量，以具市場價值者為優先申請與維護對象。
（四）技術授權考量有二：
1.視技術生命週期採行不同之授權策略，如導入與成長期採技術引進、成熟期採交互授權、衰退期技術則對外移轉。
2.以對子公司持股比例，調整技術移轉之權利金分配，持股較高則以盈餘分配取代權利金，持股較低則傾向依市場機制收取權利金。
由本研究之策略意涵得知，個案公司目前所採行之策略，均能適當地反映出其目前所處環境。如鴻海精密以綿密之專利佈局保護其技術，鉅祥、竣盟、谷崧則實施營業秘密與專門技術管理，神達機構則是專利保護與營業秘密管理兼具。
由此可知，模具業及關連高科技產業之智慧財產權管理作法具有多種不同之形式，專利保護並非模具業與關連高科技產業智慧財產權管理之唯一解答。尤其對中小企業而言，注重營業秘密與專門技術保護，塑造良好的企業文化、工作環境，設計合理對等報酬、制度完備的人力資源管理措施，亦不失為智慧財產權管理的良好解決方案之一。
目前大型之關連高科技企業非常重視智慧財產權，並已發展出一套以專利保護為主軸的管理制度。展望未來，模具業與關連高科技產業之連動性將逐漸加深，模具業者今後亦必須加快建立智慧財產權管理制度之腳步。 / Taiwan's mold & die industry plays a very important role of the supply chain for the high-tech industry around the world due to its advantages of short delivery time, good quality, competitive price and production flexibility, etc. However, in recent years, the continuing migration of the high-tech industry is resulting in production decreases and movement of core technology out of Taiwan. How should we keep the core technology, human and financial resources left in Taiwan; what can be done to strengthen research and development (R & D) on new and core technology; how can the core technology be protected by patents managed by a sever system. This is a matter of great urgency and an important issue that Taiwan’s mold & die industry and its related high-tech industry are facing.
In view of the above, this study offers Taiwan's mold & die industry and its related high-tech industry some suggestions and solutions for the problems that they faced, based on their current Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) management development situation.
This study was researched from the strategy management view and included five (5) outstanding mold & die manufacturers and their related high-tech companies in Taiwan. These mold & die manufacturers are in the metal stamping die, plastic injection mold and die casting mold industries; these high-tech companies are in the connectors, notebook computer and cellular phone (telecommunication) industries. Three of the companies, the mold & die manufacturers, do not hold any patents, while the other two high-tech companies are well protected by their patents. The main finding of this research is as follows:
1.The strategy of technical improvement for companies of various sizes is different:
1) R & D for new technology-
Small and medium companies prefer to cooperate with other local R & D institutes in developing, researching, and obtaining full or partial intellectual property rights protection; or obtaining the rights to use the new technology (invention). On the other hand, large companies tend to do the R & D in-house.
2) Technology transfer from overseas–
Small and medium companies prefer to transfer the technology from high-tech orientated countries through local R&D institutes or an IPR service provider. However, large companies prefer to transfer the new technology by themselves.
3) Technology transfer to developing countries–
(1) Small and medium companies tend to transfer the technology to developing countries through local R&D institutes or IPR service provider except in the case of simple projects.
(2) Large companies tend to transfer their technology out by themselves or through a professional agency.
2.The IPR management situation of Taiwan’s mold & die industry and its related high-tech industries–
1) Establish “Trade Secret Management Regulations” to prevent the following trade secrets from being disclosed:
(1) Technology that will influence the accuracy of machining.
(1)-1 On site know-how – Limiting the visitors touring sensitive areas.
(1)-2 Trade secrets of suppliers.
(1)-3 Trade secrets of customers.
(1)-4 Corrective action reports.
2) Establish “ Know-how Management Regulations” to:
(1) Regulate “Proposal improvement systems”
(2) Train and develop technical specialists
(3) Retaining knowledgeable human resources by
(3)-1 Professional appreciation (respect)
(3)-2 Equal award (return)
(3)-3 Good and complete system, employees’ career planning and enterprise culture.
3) IPR management system:
(1) Establish a proposal and reward system:
Encourage employees’ technology inventions by rewarding them for their proposals, applications, and completion of technical transfer for IPR.
(2) Patent protection:
Consider not only the number of patents, but also the quality of patents.
4) Technology transfer policy
Different policy for different technique life cycle.
From this research, we realized that companies apply different strategies in response to their recent situation. For example, “Hong Hai” is applying the practice of IPR management in protecting his technology; G-Shank, Giant Union and Coxon are applying the practice of trade secret and know-how management; MiTac is applying the practice of both IPR management and trade secret management.
From the above, we also realize that patent protection is not the only solution for IPR management in the mold & die industry and it’s related high-tech industries. Trade secret management and know-how protection, a good corporate culture, good business and human resource management, an improved working environment, reasonable and rewarding work are also the major solutions for IPR management.
For the time being, large high-tech companies highly respect IPR and have developed a good management system, especially for patent protection. Therefore, due to the close relationship between the mold & die industry and high-tech industries, speeding up the development of IPR management becomes an urgent issue for the mold & die industry.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/A2002001614 |
| Creators | 廖文璋, Johann Liaw, V. C. |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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