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台商投資與兩岸資訊科技產業之互動

自九十年代初期起,台商在中國大陸投資急速增加,產業投資方向也由傳統產業逐步移往資訊科技產業。而中國大陸產業實力在改革開放後不斷增強,一方面由於中共政策的鼓勵以及廣大中國大陸市場的吸引力;一方面主要中國大陸擁有低廉的生產要素,可降低生產成本,維持國際市場價格競爭力。因此吸引台商到中國大陸投資,並與當地廠商合作以進行兩岸全球分工及合作的佈局;但中國大陸在取得研發及專業技術使產業實力加強後,卻也逐漸成為台灣廠商在中國大陸及國際市場上的競爭對手。而台商在大陸投資的產業,主要是製造業,其次是服務業,農業較少。製造業之中主要包括電子電器業、基本金屬及其製品、食品及飲料、塑膠製品、化學品製造等產業,其中電子電器業投資金額居各業之首,其佔台商在中國大陸投資總額的比重將近23%。
中國大陸在「科技興國」的政策下,傾全國之力發展高科技產業,除了採用市場經濟的各種手段如:租稅優惠、低利融資、設立中小企業技術創新基金外,並模仿台灣新竹科學園區的模式,在中國大陸廣設高新技術開發區並重視知識經濟,著重高新技術的產業化與創新能力,中國大陸高科技產業的發展得力於外國資金與技術之處甚大,尤以資訊、通訊、半導體等以資訊科技為主產業為然。
台灣資訊科技產業赴中國大陸投資,自1980年代後期起逐漸增多, 到了1990年代中期,上市(櫃)電子業廠商赴中國大陸投資的情形愈來愈普遍,而對台灣經濟成長貢獻最大的資訊科技產業一旦大量轉移至海外,是否會危及未來台灣經濟永續成長。台灣IT產業早期到中國大陸投資,尤其是電子及零組件、電腦及周邊產品等IY產業主要是為了降低生產成本,提高國際競爭力;現階段投資的動機,主要則是需求面因素,一旦中國大陸當地市場變大時,就必須前往投資設廠,以接近客戶,否則將難以佔有當地市場,喪失發展機會。因此便與中國大陸的IT產業產生了既競爭又合作的關係,一方面台灣公司會利用既有的產業網絡,在台灣進行產品設計研發,採購所需的機器設備和原材料、半成品等。而利用中國大陸當地廉價的人力及水電等資源加工,然後將生產的成品或半成品回銷台灣,因而使得兩岸的垂直分工合作緊密。
惟中國大陸的IT產業擁有廣大的潛在市場需求、人力、土地、原材料、基礎技術、與政府支援等優勢,加上外資的大幅度加碼。又對台灣的IT產業形成威脅。
本文將針對資訊科技產業,參考競合理論和產業分工、整合的概念,探討台商投資與兩岸產業競合現況及其未來展望,全文結構除前言與結論之外,首先將專述中國大陸資訊科技產業發展、策略總體分析;其次專論兩岸資訊科技產業的互動與競合;最後做相關問卷的實證分析並對政府與產業界提出將來可能面對的問題與應對之到。 / At the early 90s’, the Taiwanese investors have been rapidly imposing more investment on Mainland China. Therefore, the result has attracted increasingly Taiwanese investors and then they co-work with the local companies to launch globalized co-operation. On the other hand, the companies of Mainland China has been accumulating increasing strength at IT industry after they acquire skilled technologies and development of research.
This paper analyzes co-opetition and competition tendency to Information Technology industry between Taiwan and Mainland China.
It adopts Co-operation Theory, Vertical Integration and Vertical Dis-integration and discusses the actualities of IT industry and prospection between two sides.
First of all, this paper explores a macro analysis of development of IT industry at Mainland China. Second, it probes the interaction and competition of IT industry between two sides.
Last, it conducts a relative poll that stems originally from Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research and then addresses problems that we might encounter in the future.

The focal points of the research includes:
(1)Analysis of the actualities of Information Technology development at Mainland China.
a.Policy of China’s Information Technology
b.Why China’s IT policy induces to foreign companies
c.Brief introduction to science district at Mainland China
d.Prospect of IT development at Mainland China
(2)Interaction and co-opetition of IT industry between Taiwan and Mainland China.
a.Advantages and disadvantages of IT industry between two sides.
b.The existing situation and analysis of co-opetition between two sides.
c.Brief introduction to division of labor of IT industry at Mainland China and the feasibility.
(3)Analysis of the outcome to the poll.
(4)Challenges of IT industry that Taiwan may face and the solutions to this problems.

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0090261010
Creators夏逸葦, Hsir, Yi-wei
Publisher國立政治大學
Source SetsNational Chengchi University Libraries
Language中文
Detected LanguageEnglish
Typetext
RightsCopyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders

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