[pt] A preocupação ambiental do ponto de visto hídrico tem sido abordada com alto grau
de importância nos últimos anos. No Brasil, o Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ) possuí
legislação estadual própria que permite aplicar limites de Faixas Marginais de Proteção
inferiores à área mínima prevista no Código Florestal Brasileiro, contanto que se trate de uma
área urbana consolidada (Decreto número 42.356/2010). Nesse sentido o trecho 2 do rio Piabanha,
inserido no município de Petrópolis, foi escolhido como palco para identificar e quantificar
as mudanças legais e paisagísticas que legislação ambiental promoveu ao longo do tempo.
Por meio de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto foi possível identificar as mudanças
de padrão de Uso e Cobertura das áreas que integram as Faixas Marginais de Proteção do rio
Piabanha/RJ (trecho 2) ao longo de três marcos temporais (2006/2009, 2015, 2021). O
resultado aponta, em 2021, a área da FMP (103,9 hectares) apresentou 52,7 por cento de seu total
equivalente à classe de construção, foram exploradas estatísticas quanto à mudança
paisagística das classes de uso e cobertura entre o período inicial de 2006/2009 e o período
final 2021. Foram apontados aspectos naturais da dinâmica de erosão e deposição do rio
que influenciam diretamente na legislação ambiental modificando parâmetros da própria
delimitação das Faixas Marginais de Proteção. Por fim é gerada uma discussão de meios e
estratégias que podem corroborar com a abordagem do poder público e privado em relação à
área protegida permanente do município de Petrópolis. / [en] From a governmental point of view, discussions involving preservation areas in
regions close to watercourses began by Emperor Dom Pedro II in the Tijuca Forest in Rio de Janeiro city, created in 1861, aimed at reversing results from deforestation and coffee
plantations in Tijuca s Massif (CARVALHO, 2007). This fact supports that even before the
creation of specific legislation focused on the environmental agenda, there was already an
understanding by Brazilian and Portuguese managers about the role of native vegetation in
maintaining water resources, especially at their origin - the springs or so called eyes of
water .
After the turn of the century, another related legislative fact was promulgated, Decree
No. 4,421 of December 28, 1921 (BRAZIL, Decree No. 4,421), which did not specifically
mention Riparian Areas Protection Regulation (RAPR), but wrote on protected areas in
general, as a guarantee of balance, purity and abundance of water resources. Futher ahead, in
1934, the next historical milestone in which the Brazilian government presided over by
President Getúlio Vargas drafted the first Forest Code (IPEA, 2016). The main objective of
this document was limited to the management, restriction and punishment of interventions on
water bodies, and in 1965 this code was edited in detail through Law 4,771/65 (BRASIL,
1965), which defined the surroundings of rivers and their springs as permanent preservation
areas.
In June 2000, the National System of Conservation Units was created through Law
No. 9,985, where a complement to the objectives linked to the preservation of water courses
was discussed, and at that moment the legislation began to establish more clearly rights and
duties to be followed by municipalities and states and, along with this, protection tools,
guidelines for the use of different ecosystems, rules for controlling activities and criteria for
determining different categories of Conservation Units (BRAZIL, 2000).
9
Further on, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, environmental legislation gained another
highlight in its timeline, this time in 2010, where State Decree 42.356 was promulgated (RIO
DE JANEIRO, 2010), defining RAPR parameters for areas bordering rivers, lakes and
lagoons due to the existence of a consolidated urban area. This decree is seen with spotlight
and close attention by this dissertation.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:puc-rio.br/oai:MAXWELL.puc-rio.br:67779 |
| Date | 29 August 2024 |
| Creators | CARLOS ZAKI ANTAKI |
| Contributors | ANA CRISTINA MALHEIROS GONCALVES CARVALHO, ANA CRISTINA MALHEIROS GONCALVES CARVALHO |
| Publisher | MAXWELL |
| Source Sets | PUC Rio |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | TEXTO |
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