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[pt] A preocupação ambiental do ponto de visto hídrico tem sido abordada com alto grau de importância nos últimos anos. No Brasil, o Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ) possuí legislação estadual própria que permite aplicar limites de Faixas Marginais de Proteção inferiores à área mínima prevista no Código Florestal Brasileiro, contanto que se trate de uma área urbana consolidada (Decreto número 42.356/2010). Nesse sentido o trecho 2 do rio Piabanha, inserido no município de Petrópolis, foi escolhido como palco para identificar e quantificar as mudanças legais e paisagísticas que legislação ambiental promoveu ao longo do tempo. Por meio de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto foi possível identificar as mudanças de padrão de Uso e Cobertura das áreas que integram as Faixas Marginais de Proteção do rio Piabanha/RJ (trecho 2) ao longo de três marcos temporais (2006/2009, 2015, 2021). O resultado aponta, em 2021, a área da FMP (103,9 hectares) apresentou 52,7 por cento de seu total equivalente à classe de construção, foram exploradas estatísticas quanto à mudança paisagística das classes de uso e cobertura entre o período inicial de 2006/2009 e o período final 2021. Foram apontados aspectos naturais da dinâmica de erosão e deposição do rio que influenciam diretamente na legislação ambiental modificando parâmetros da própria delimitação das Faixas Marginais de Proteção. Por fim é gerada uma discussão de meios e estratégias que podem corroborar com a abordagem do poder público e privado em relação à área protegida permanente do município de Petrópolis. / [en] From a governmental point of view, discussions involving preservation areas in regions close to watercourses began by Emperor Dom Pedro II in the Tijuca Forest in Rio de Janeiro city, created in 1861, aimed at reversing results from deforestation and coffee plantations in Tijuca s Massif (CARVALHO, 2007). This fact supports that even before the creation of specific legislation focused on the environmental agenda, there was already an understanding by Brazilian and Portuguese managers about the role of native vegetation in maintaining water resources, especially at their origin - the springs or so called eyes of water . After the turn of the century, another related legislative fact was promulgated, Decree No. 4,421 of December 28, 1921 (BRAZIL, Decree No. 4,421), which did not specifically mention Riparian Areas Protection Regulation (RAPR), but wrote on protected areas in general, as a guarantee of balance, purity and abundance of water resources. Futher ahead, in 1934, the next historical milestone in which the Brazilian government presided over by President Getúlio Vargas drafted the first Forest Code (IPEA, 2016). The main objective of this document was limited to the management, restriction and punishment of interventions on water bodies, and in 1965 this code was edited in detail through Law 4,771/65 (BRASIL, 1965), which defined the surroundings of rivers and their springs as permanent preservation areas. In June 2000, the National System of Conservation Units was created through Law No. 9,985, where a complement to the objectives linked to the preservation of water courses was discussed, and at that moment the legislation began to establish more clearly rights and duties to be followed by municipalities and states and, along with this, protection tools, guidelines for the use of different ecosystems, rules for controlling activities and criteria for determining different categories of Conservation Units (BRAZIL, 2000). 9 Further on, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, environmental legislation gained another highlight in its timeline, this time in 2010, where State Decree 42.356 was promulgated (RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010), defining RAPR parameters for areas bordering rivers, lakes and lagoons due to the existence of a consolidated urban area. This decree is seen with spotlight and close attention by this dissertation.

According to the HTTP Archive, 75% of websites are using web fonts. Multiple conditions have to be met before modern web browsers like Chrome, Firefox and Safari decide to download the web fonts needed on a page. As a result, web fonts are late discovered resources that can delay the First Meaningful Paint (FMP). Improving the FMP is relevant for the web industry, particularly for performance-conscious web developers. This paper gives insight into how the resource prioritization approaches HTTP/2 Preload and HTTP/2 Server Push can be used to optimize the delivery of web fonts for first-time visitors. Five font loading strategies that use HTTP/2 Server Push and/or Preload were implemented on replicas of the landing pages from five real-world websites. The font loading strategies were evaluated against each other, and against the non-optimized version of each landing page. All the evaluated font loading strategies in this degree project improved the time it took to deliver the first web font content to the user’s screen, resulting in a faster FMP. It was also discovered that HTTP/2 Server Push, on its own, is not a more performance efficient resource prioritization approach than HTTP/2 Preload when it comes to delivering web font content to the client. Further, HTTP/2 Server Push and HTTP/2 Preload appears to be more efficient when used together, in the context of optimizing the delivery of web font content. However, all conclusions in this paper are based on the results gathered from testing the font loading strategies in an emulated environment and are yet to be confirmed on actual mobile devices with real network conditions.

Se ha analizado el efecto de los tratamientos osmóticos hasta distintos niveles, con y sin aplicación de pulso de vacío (50 mbar durante 5 minutos) y la influencia del lactato cálcico en la disolución osmótica, así como el efecto de la temperatura y el tiempo de almacenamiento en diferentes propiedades relacionadas con la estabilidad y la calidad de fresa y manzana. Para ello, en primer lugar se ha caracterizado la cinética de deshidratación en mitades de fresa y en rodajas de manzana, para establecer los tiempos de tratamiento requeridos. Posteriormente se ha evaluado el efecto de los tratamientos sobre las propiedades mecánicas y la tasa respiratoria de las frutas. Por otra parte, en la fresa se ha analizado la influencia de los tratamientos en las propiedades ópticas y en la producción de etanol y acetaldehído. En la manzana se ha estudiado también el efecto de la modificación de la atmósfera del espacio de cabeza en su respiración y el efecto de los tratamientos en la evolución de la carga microbiana. Los tratamientos osmóticos implican cambios en la pauta respiratoria del tejido de las frutas, dependiendo de las condiciones de operación. Los tratamientos con pulso de vacío provocan mayor restricción al transporte de oxígeno dando lugar a mayores valores del coeficiente respiratorio y a una mayor potenciación de rutas anaerobias. Como consecuencia, se desarrollan volátiles indeseables como se ve en fresa. El calcio disminuye la respiración de fresa con menor influencia en la manzana. Desde este punto de vista, se recomiendan tratamientos osmóticos cortos y a presión atmosférica. Los tratamientos osmóticos provocan cambios en las propiedades mecánicas de fresa y manzana, tanto más cuanto mayor es el nivel de deshidratación. La aplicación de pulso de vacío potencia la caída de la firmeza por efecto del tratamiento pero mejora su estabilidad en el almacenamiento. / Castelló Gómez, ML. (2007). Efecto de las condiciones de operación en los cambios fisicoquímicos y fisiológicos de frutas mínimamente procesadas por deshidratación osmótica [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1830 / Palancia