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Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / A dieta influencia a saúde sendo uma fonte de nutrientes e toxinas, e por moldar a composição de populações microbianas residentes no corpo humano. Estudos prévios começaram a mapear as associações entre a dieta e bactérias e vírus do microbioma intestinal humano. Este trabalho investiga as associações entre a dieta e populações arqueanas e fúngicas, tomando vantagem de amostras oriundas de 98 indivíduos bem caracterizados, e integra esses dados novos com o conhecimento corrente relacionado a bactérias e o microbioma intestinal humano. A dieta foi quantificada utilizando questionários que acessam a dieta usual e recente, e arquêas e fungos foram caracterizados usando genes marcadores obtidos de amostras fecais através e sequenciamento de DNA em larga escala de última geração. Foram encontrados 66 gêneros de fungos, geralmente com uma presença mutuamente exclusiva dos filos Ascomycota e Basidiomycota. Quanto as arquêas, Methanobrevibacter foi o gênero mais prevalente, presente em 30% das amostras. Diversas outras arquêas foram detectadas com abundancia e frequência mais baixa. Uma miríade de associações foi observada entre fungos e arquêas e a dieta, entre fungos e arquêas, e entre estes e linhagens bacterianas. Metanobrevibacter e Candida foram positivamente associados com uma dieta rica em carboidratos, e negativamente com dietas ricas em amino acidos, proteínas e ácidos graxos. Dados publicados previamente enfatizam que a estrutura das populações bacterianas no intestino são primariamente com hábitos alimentares de longo prazo, porém, uma abundancia alta de Candida foi fortemente associada com a ingestao recente de carboidratos. A abundância de Methanobrevibacter foi associada tanto com a ingestão usual ou recente de carboidratos. Estes resultados confirmam estudos direcionados anteriores e provém varias novas associações a serem consideradas quando modelando os efeitos da dieta no microbioma intestinal e a na saúde humana. / Diet influences health as a source of nutrients and toxins, and by shaping the composition of resident microbial populations. Previous studies have begun to map out associations between diet and the bacteria and viruses of the human gut microbiome. This work investigates associations of diet with fungal and archaeal populations, taking advantage of samples from 98 well-characterized individuals, and integrates this novel data with the current knowledge regarding the bacteria of the human gut microbiome. Diet was quantified using inventories scoring both long-term and recent diet, and archaea and fungi were characterized by deep sequencing of marker genes in DNA purified from stool. For fungi, we found 66 genera, with generally mutually exclusive presence of either the phyla Ascomycota or Basiodiomycota. For archaea, Methanobrevibacterwas the most prevalent genus, present in 30% of samples. Several other archaeal genera were detected in lower abundance and frequency. Myriad associations were detected for fungi and archaea with diet, with each other, and with bacterial lineages. Methanobrevibacter andCandida were positively associated with diets high in carbohydrates, but negatively with diets high in amino acids, protein, and fatty acids. Previously published data emphasized that bacterial population structure was associated primarily with long-term diet, but high Candida abundance was most strongly associated with the recent consumption of carbohydrates. Methobrevibacter abundance was associated with both long term and recent consumption of carbohydrates. These results confirm earlier targeted studies and provide a host of new associations to consider in modeling the effects of diet on the gut microbiome and human health.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.bc.ufg.br:tede/3160 |
| Date | 15 August 2013 |
| Creators | Hoffmann, Christian |
| Contributors | Bushman, Frederic D., Bataus, Luiz Artur Mendes |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia (ICB), UFG, Brasil, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB (RG) |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFG, instname:Universidade Federal de Goiás, instacron:UFG |
| Rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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