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Previous issue date: 2015-03-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Several neuropsychological and psychopathological studies have sought to identify the cognitive features associated with different psychiatric conditions and their relationship with clinical and demographic variables, functioning and quality of life. Major depressive (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) have been the subject of several such investigations, although findings are still preliminary and limited in their clinical applicability and generalizability due to the methodological heterogeneity of studies in the area. Therefore, the goal of this research was to investigate the relationship between cognitive, clinical and demographic features as well as quality of life and functioning in a naturalistic sample of patients with MDD and TB as compared to healthy subjects. The first study investigated differences between the cognitive performance of patients with MDD, BDI, BDII and adults with no mood disorders. Patients with MDD showed impairments in sustained and divided attention, working memory, verbal fluency, inhibitory control and decision making, especially in timed tasks. Patients with BDII showed variable performance and high rates of impairment in attentional interference control. Finally, patients with BDI showed consistently poorer performance than the remaining groups on most cognitive tasks, as well as greater impairments in attention and inhibition than individuals with MDD. In light of these findings and studies regarding the variability of cognitive profiles within diagnostic categories, the second study aimed to identify executive functioning profiles in mood disorders using hierarchical cluster analysis. Four distinct groups of participants were identified. The first was characterized by the absence of executive impairment and was mostly composed of control participants, while the second group showed slight impairments in inhibitory control, divided attention, working memory and verbal fluency. Clusters 3 and 4, composed clinical participants only, showed impairments in inhibitory control and working memory (cluster 3), and inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility (cluster 4). Given the heterogeneity of profiles identified, and the known impact of cognition on functional outcome and quality of life in mood disorders, the third study sought to identify profiles of functioning and quality of life in MDD and BD, as well as their association with clinical, demographic and cognitive variables. The subscales of the WHODAS 2.0 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires were submitted to a hierarchical cluster analysis, which assigned patients into three groups. The first, composed mostly of control participants and a small percentage of psychiatric patients, had the highest scores on these measures. The second group obtained intermediate scores, and contained mostly individuals with MDD and BDII, and, to a lesser extent, BDI and control participants. Lastly, cluster 3 had the worst overall performance and was composed predominantly of patients with TBI, and some patients with TBII and TDM. No control participants were included in this group. Poor functioning and quality of life were associated with impairments in inhibitory control, decision making and attentional control. Together, these studies provided important data regarding cognition, functioning and quality of life in mood disorders, revealing a continuum of severity and several possible targets for therapeutic approaches developed specifically for these diagnostic categories. / Atualmente a neuropsicologia contribui ? psicopatologia pela busca e identifica??o de caracter?sticas cognitivas de diferentes quadros psicopatol?gicos, e sua rela??o com fatores cl?nicos, demogr?ficos, de capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida. Neste contexto, o transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) e o transtorno bipolar (TB) tem sido alvo de diversas investiga??es, embora ainda preliminares e com limitada aplicabilidade cl?nica e generalizabilidade devido a sua heterogeneidade metodol?gica. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a interrela??o entre fatores cognitivos, cl?nicos, demogr?ficos, a qualidade de vida e funcionalidade de amostra natural?stica de pacientes com TDM e TB, comparados a participantes saud?veis. O primeiro estudo visou a identificar diferen?as entre o TDM, TBI, TBII e participantes controles quanto aos processos neurocognitivos de fun??es executivas, atenc?o e velocidade de processamento. Pacientes com TDM apresentaram preju?zos na aten??o sustentada e dividida, mem?ria de trabalho, flu?ncia verbal livre, controle inibit?rio e tomada de decis?o, especialmente em tarefas envolvendo avalia??es temporais de desempenho. Pacientes com TBII apresentaram desempenho heterog?neo, e alta preval?ncia de d?ficits no controle de interfer?ncias atencionais. Por ?ltimo, pacientes com TBI apresentaram maior n?mero de componentes executivos prejudicados quando comparados ao restante dos grupos, al?m de maior preju?zo atencional e inibit?rio do que o TDM. Com base nestes achados e evid?ncias quanto ? variabilidade de perfis cognitivos dentro de diferentes categorias diagn?sticas, o segundo estudo buscou identificar perfis de funcionamento executivo nos transtornos do humor por meio de an?lise de clusters. Foram solicitados quatro agrupamentos distintos de participantes. O primeiro caracterizou-se pela aus?ncia de preju?zos executivos e predomin?ncia de participantes controles, e o segundo por preju?zos leves no controle inibit?rio, aten??o dividida, mem?ria de trabalho e flu?ncia verbal. Os clusters 3 e 4, compostos unicamente por participantes cl?nicos, apresentaram preju?zos inibit?rios e mnem?nicos de trabalho (cluster 3) e comprometimento no controle inibit?rio e flexibilidade cognitiva (cluster 4). Em vista da heterogeneidade de perfis identificados, e do conhecido impacto da cogni??o no desfecho funcional e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com transtornos do humor, o terceiro estudo buscou especificar perfis de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida no TDM e TB, e sua associa??o com vari?veis cl?nicas, demogr?ficas e cognitivas. A an?lise de clusters hier?rquicos baseada nas subescalas dos question?rios WHODAS 2.0 e WHOQOL-BREF identificaram tr?s perfis de qualidade de vida e de funcionalidade. No perfil 1, enquadraram-se a maioria dos participantes controle, assim como alguns membros dos grupos cl?nicos, apresentando os maiores escores de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida da amostra. O cluster 2, em posi??o intermedi?ria, foi composto em maior parte por pacientes portadores de TDM e TBII e em menor propor??o por pacientes com TBI e controles. Por ?ltimo, o cluster 3 apresentou o pior desempenho geral e foi composto predominantemente por pacientes portadores de TBI, alguns pacientes com TBII e com TDM, e aus?ncia de controles. Preju?zos na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida associaram-se a altera??es no controle inibit?rio, tomada de decis?o e controle atencional. Em conjunto, os estudos ofereceram dados importantes a respeito dos perfis cognitivos, de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida nos transtornos do humor, permitindo a identifica??o de um continuum de gravidade e apontando poss?veis focos para abordagens terap?uticas desenvolvidas para estas categorias diagn?sticas.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/6274 |
| Date | 11 March 2015 |
| Creators | Cotrena, Charles |
| Contributors | Fonseca, Rochele Paz |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Psicologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | Portuguese |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2588426296948062698, 600, 600, 600, 600, 2599381623216554467, 3411867255817377423, 2075167498588264571 |
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