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Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Haitian immigration to Brazil is a recent event that occurs, mostly since the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010. The associations between migration and mental health have been the focus of many studies, especially in North American and European countries. The impact of migration on mental health is still controversial. Immigrants are frequently exposed to risk factors such as low socioeconomic status, low educational level, and increased psychological distress. Despite such risks, a number of epidemiological studies indicate that immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric disorders than natives. Studies in different backgrounds are needed to better understand the risk and protection factors for mental health problems in this population. This dissertation is composed by two studies, being one systematic review and one empirical study. The systematic review explores PTSD prevalence in migrants with different cultural backgrounds and analyzes evidence about the immigrant paradox. Eight empirical articles reporting PTSD prevalence in migrants were included following the PRISMA statement guidelines. Most studies were conducted in the USA. PTSD prevalence rates varied between 2.6% and 62%. Due to several methodological issues in the few included studies, there is still not enough evidence to provide support for ? or against ? the immigrant paradox in PTSD research. Prevalence rates are influenced by a complex interaction between risk and protection factors, and migration per se may be a less important factor than the conditions of migration. High rates of PTSD in migrants were found in the studies, what highlights the need of further research with this population, not only with refugees. More studies should investigate the influence of cultural factors on PTSD prevalence in migrants outside of the USA and Europe. The empirical study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated to PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in Haitian migrants in southern Brazil. The sample comprises 66 participants selected from four different sites in three cities of a Brazilian southern state. Participants fulfilled a socio-demographic questionnaire, as well as instruments investigating traumatic events, post-migration difficulties and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. PTSD prevalence in the sample was 9.1%. Depression and anxiety symptoms were in the clinical range in 10.6% and 13.6% of participants, respectively. Linear regression models were utilized to investigate factors associated to PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms. Number of traumatic events, acculturation difficulties, discrimination and low social support were associated to the investigated mental health disorders. Potential protective factors are discussed. The results point to the importance of public policies to promote better social support for migrants. Providing information to the Brazilian population about migration may improve receptiveness in the host society. / Ap?s o terremoto que atingiu o Haiti em 2010 houve um aumento da imigra??o haitiana ao Brasil. A associa??o entre migra??o e sa?de mental tem sido o foco de muitos estudos, em especial em pa?ses da Am?rica do Norte e da Europa. O impacto da imigra??o ainda ? controverso. Imigrantes s?o frequentemente expostos a fatores de risco como pobreza, baixa escolaridade, viol?ncia, entre outros. No entanto, alguns estudos epidemiol?gicos indicam que imigrantes apresentam baixos ?ndices de psicopatologias quando comparados com a popula??o nativa. Estudos em diferentes contextos s?o necess?rios para um melhor entendimento dos fatores de risco e prote??o para sa?de mental dessa popula??o. A presente disserta??o ? composta por dois estudos, sendo uma revis?o sistem?tica e um estudo emp?rico. A revis?o sistem?tica explora a preval?ncia do Transtorno de Estresse P?s-traum?tico (TEPT) em imigrantes provenientes de diferentes contextos e analisa poss?veis evid?ncias do immigrant paradox nesta popula??o. A revis?o foi conduzida a partir das recomenda??es do PRISMA. Oito estudos emp?ricos que reportam a preval?ncia de TEPT em imigrantes foram inclu?dos. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada nos Estados Unidos. A preval?ncia de TEPT variou entre 2,6% e 62%. Devido a limita??es metodol?gicas dos estudos inclu?dos, n?o foi poss?vel evidenciar a presen?a ou a aus?ncia do immigrant paradox. Por outro lado, a preval?ncia parece ser influenciada por um padr?o complexo de fatores de risco e prote??o e a imigra??o em si pode ser um fator menos importante do que as condi??es da migra??o. Altos ?ndices de TEPT em imigrantes foram encontrados nos estudos, o que justifica a realiza??o de estudos de investiga??o do transtorno nesta popula??o e n?o apenas em refugiados. A partir desta revis?o, o estudo emp?rico teve como objetivo investigar a preval?ncia e os fatores associados aos sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o em imigrantes haitianos no Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 66 participantes, selecionados de quatro diferentes locais em tr?s cidades do estado. Os participantes preencheram um question?rio sociodemogr?fico, assim como instrumentos que investigam eventos traum?ticos, dificuldades p?s-migra??o e sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o. A preval?ncia de TEPT encontrada foi de 9.1%. Sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depress?o foram encontrados em 10.6% e 13.6% dos participantes, respectivamente. Regress?es lineares foram realizadas a fim de investigar poss?veis fatores associados a sintomas de TEPT, ansiedade e depress?o. O n?mero de eventos traum?ticos, dificuldades de acultura??o, discrimina??o e baixo suporte social foram associados com as psicopatologias estudadas. Potenciais fatores protetivos s?o discutidos. Os resultados apontam para a import?ncia de pol?ticas p?blicas para promover suporte social para os imigrantes. Al?m disso, a promo??o de informa??o sobre migra??o para a popula??o brasileira pode melhorar a receptividade da sociedade de acolhida.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/6944 |
| Date | 01 August 2016 |
| Creators | Brunnet, Alice Einloft |
| Contributors | Kristensen, Christian Haag |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia, PUCRS, Brasil, Escola de Humanidades |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2588426296948062698, 600, 600, 600, 600, -6557531471218110192, 3411867255817377423, -2555911436985713659 |
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