This thesis presents new insights into Alpine Fault structures at the drill site of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP)-2B at Whataroa in New Zealand. Despite the challenging conditions for seismic imaging within a glacial valley filled with sediments and steeply dipping valley flanks, several structures related to the valley itself as well as the tectonic fault system are imaged. The Alpine Fault at the West Coast in New Zealand is a major plate boundary forming a significant geohazard as large earthquakes (magnitude 7-8) occur regularly and the next earthquake is expected relatively soon. A major effort has been made to study the fault characteristics through scientific drilling in the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) Alpine Fault with the deepest DFDP-2B borehole located in the Whataroa Valley. A great variety of seismic data are newly acquired. First, the WhataDUSIE (Whataroa Detailed University Seismic Imaging Experiment) data set is a ~5 km long 2D profile acquired in 2011 prior to the drilling. As the 2D profile could not fully explain the 3D structures in the Whataroa Valley, an extended surface and borehole data set was acquired in 2016 after the drilling. This data set consists of shorter 2D lines (< 3 km), a dense 3D-array, and vertical seismic profiling (VSP) using the DFDP-2B borehole including the fibre-optic cable. 3D seismic data proved to be essential to understand the complex 3D structures of the glacial valley and the major fault. First-arrival travel time tomography and prestack depth migration (PSDM) are applied to obtain a P-wave velocity model and seismic images of the subsurface (<5 km). In this complex setting, the Fresnel volume migration (a focusing PSDM method) proved to best obtain structural information about the subsurface. Analysing the results of the seismic data processing, two major outcomes are achieved: improved knowledge about the glacial structures of the Whataroa Valley and structural images of the Alpine Fault zone. The Whataroa Valley is an overdeepened glacial valley with details of the basement topography visible in the seismic images. A deep trough is identified south of the DFDP-2B borehole with horizontal layering of the sediments. Valley flanks are identified in both the seismic images and the P-wave velocity model, particularly the western valley flank. Thus, Quaternary and glacial processes can be analysed with the help of the newly derived seismic images. The Alpine Fault is directly imaged with the seismic data, which is the first time in this region at shallow depths (<5 km). Several shorter fault segments between depths of 0.2 km and 2.2 km dipping 40-56° to the southeast are directly imaged. Further identified reflectors and faults are interpreted to represent Alpine Fault structures in the form of a damage zone and induced faults adding further complexity to the fault zone. In conclusion, the 3D seismic results presented in this thesis provide new insights into the Whataroa subsurface. Hence, the new results form a good basis for a deeper understanding of the Alpine Fault structures and underlying processes which is important for potential future drilling but also for the estimation of the geohazard in the region.

Sarcopenia is a disease of muscle wasting primarily seen in older adults. Although this term was first coined over three decades ago, there is a lack of consensus on a definition, screening criteria, and treatment protocol for sarcopenia. The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) in the United States (U.S.) screen for sarcopenia. Study participants were recruited through a randomized email list and included RDNs throughout the U.S. Respondents completed a survey questioning knowledge of sarcopenia, screening tools and company protocols in place, and the need and desire for sarcopenia education. Data revealed a lack of pre-existing protocols in place, a dissonance of validated and unvalidated screening tools used in practice, and substantial need for sarcopenia education.

The overwhelming prevalence of child labour globally continues to be a matter of concern. Millions of children below the age of eighteen years are found engaging in exploitative and life-threatening economic activities, leaving them susceptible to human rights violations and ultimately death. The African continent accounts for a greater number of child labourers, calling therefore for an immediate action against child labour, particularly the worst forms of child labour. As a result of harsh and appalling social, economic, political and cultural realities evident within the continent, child labour remains inevitable for many African countries including the Kingdom of Lesotho. In an attempt to help their economically ailing families, children engage in labour activities as either sole providers or contributors to the little household income. Resultantly, a vast majority of children are found working within hazardous and unregulated informal sectors; comprising of street vendors, domestic workers, working on farms and caring for livestock to state but the least. Due to lack of official regulation of the informal sector, children are then exposed to abuse, exploitation and violation with little to no protection. In response to the incidences of child labour, several treaties and conventions aimed at protecting the rights of children and ultimately eradicating child labour have been adopted by both international and regional communities. These include the Convention on the Rights of the Child, International Labour Organisation Conventions on child labour, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 8.7, which prohibits and seek to eliminate child labour by 2025, the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights as well as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child among others. The endorsement and domestication of these treaties have been evident in many African countries including the Kingdom of Lesotho through the enactment of laws and adoption of policies aimed at promoting the rights of children and protecting children against harmful practices such as child labour. While there have been evident and positive progress in terms of the ratification of treaties and conventions that address the issues of child labour globally, the Kingdom of Lesotho included, child labour practices continues to be a challenge for Lesotho. The study identified that these could be attributed to the lack of implementation and enforcement of both adopted international conventions and enacted domestic laws in Lesotho, therefore a matter of concern. Moreover, failure to conform to international human rights treaties aimed at promoting and protecting the rights of children by the Kingdom of Lesotho has resulted in failure to protect children, particularly those involved in child labour. Furthermore, the evident inconsistencies and ambiguities in the definition of child labour, conception of work, childhood and adulthood, posed a major challenge in understanding the severity of the practice of child labour and its effects on children. Child labour should also be considered a security issue, calling therefore for an immediate action. It is however crucial to note that, while the Kingdom of Lesotho continues to grapple with the plight of child labour, a number of African countries have made great progress in responding to child labour and bringing about a reduction in its prevalence. This includes the Republic of South Africa, the Republic of Tanzania and the Kingdom of Morocco among others. Cognisant of these advancements, the study critically evaluated practices of child labour in these countries and the responses thereto as means to identify good practices to be emulated by the Kingdom of Lesotho. These good practices will help provide strategies that will ensure better protection for children involved in child labour and ultimately end the practice of child labour in the near future. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Mercantile Law / DPhil / Unrestricted

Magister Legum - LLM / Global climate change is a serious, severe, and potentially irreversible problem. If no actions are taken to curb greenhouse gas emissions, global temperatures and sea levels will rise, wreaking havoc on earth, particularly in developing countries. The Stockholm Declaration of 1972 facilitated the first international consensus concerning the application of CBDR to international environmental problems. This was in reaction to the developing countries refusal to adhere to the same standards as the developed countries as they perceived this as a burden to their economic growth, which is unjust due to the developed countries historical culpability.

Magister Legum - LLM / The common law duties have been preserved by the partial codification of the duties of directors in terms of the Companies Act of 2008 (‘2008 Act’). One such duty is the duty to disclose personal financial interest in terms of s 75 of the 2008 Act. The need for directors to disclose personal financial interest has become more necessary than ever before in South African companies, particularly State-Owned Companies (‘SOCs’), due to their role in the South African economy. The injury caused by the breach of this duty is not only to the company, but more harm is caused to the economy and the beneficiaries who are the recipients of services rendered by SOCs. There has been a plethora of media reports of poor corporate governance in SOCs which is attributed to conflict of interest due to failure of directors to disclose their personal financial interests in proposed transactions or approved agreements.

Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES) / University student-athlete dropout continues to be a concern for many universities and has been the focus of many researchers globally. This qualitative study explored the factors that influenced students to dropout of a cricket and development programme at a university in the Western Cape metropole. Seven former student-athletes and two current administrators participated in this study. This study was guided by the Student Athlete Retention Model by Rivera (2004).

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Cardiovascular disease is amongst the top three leading causes of mortality in South Africa and the world. The effects of cardiovascular disease can be seen in limitations of function within all spheres of life, including work function. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes have been documented to improve functional abilities, but little is known about the return to work rate after cardiac rehabilitation. Access to cardiac rehabilitation programmes in the Western Cape is limited. This study aimed to determine the return to work rates and influencing factors after cardiac rehabilitation as well as to design an intervention programme that is accessible and could facilitate return to work for individuals with cardiovascular disease.

Master of Public Health - MPH / In 2018 within the Kingdom of Eswatini, there were an estimated 1 074 new cancer cases and 660 cancer-related deaths. For some time, there has been a growing trend away from the provision of palliative care within an institutional setting to providing palliative care to the patient within the context of their own home. As a result, the majority of dying patients spend their final days at home with much of the care being provided by family caregivers. In Eswatini, little is known about the impact that managing a terminally ill patient has on the family caregiver and whether they experience receiving sufficient support from the local health services. This study aimed to explore the needs and challenges of family caregivers in providing palliative care for their relatives living with cancer in Hhohho Region, Kingdom of Eswatini.

Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES) / Obesity is recognised as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases which has reached epidemic proportions globally. South Africa is one of the developing countries with significant statistical representation reported for these conditions. Obesity is associated with other conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia which are all part of what is called metabolic syndrome. As a strategy to reduce the levels of obesity, physical activity has been introduced to compliment clients who are on medication for diabetes.

Magister Curationis / The National Programme of Prevention of Mother to Child transmission (PMTCT) in relation to HIV/AIDS was introduced by the Department of Health in different sites per province in South Africa in 2001. The number of women has a chance to access antenatal clinic services during pregnancy but they start to attend usually in late gestation.