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Traditional phytotherapy and trans-cultural pharmacy among Turkish migrants living in Cologne, Germany.Pieroni, Andrea, Müenz, H., Akbulut, M., Husnu, K., Baser, K.H.C., Durmuskahya, C. January 2005 (has links)
No / This article reports on an ethnopharmaceutical field study carried out among Turkish migrants in Cologne, western Germany, which recorded 79 botanical taxa and 115 plant-based preparations, encompassing 167 folk phytotherapeutical uses, as well as a few other biological (animal and mineral derived) remedies. One-fourth of the recorded remedies were represented by food¿medicines. Half of the ingredients quoted came originally from Turkey; only a few plants were gathered from the wild or cultivated in the Cologne area. This article discusses the Turkish migrants¿ frequent use of aerial parts of Sideritis species, the fruits of Pistacia terebinthus and the seeds of Peganum harmala from the perspective of modern phytopharmacology, phytotherapy and toxicology. It considers cultural adaptation related to the use of folk pharmaceuticals by analysing the ingredients of the Turkish folk pharmacopoeia and comparing them with those of the Turkish medical ethnobotany and of the phytotherapy of the host country (Germany). Only one third of the remedies mentioned by Turkish migrants living in Cologne are also known in German evidence-based phytotherapy, and less than 10% of the recorded phytotherapeutic uses are common to both pharmacopoeias. This article concludes by suggesting hypotheses on future changes affecting the knowledge and use of medicinal plants within the Turkish community of Cologne.
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Phytotherapy used in Orissa State India, for treating malaria.Kantamreddi, Venkata Siva Satya Narayana, Parida, S., Kommula, S.M., Wright, Colin W. January 2009 (has links)
No / This paper reports 35 medicinal plants belonging to 25 families used in the treatment of malaria by the people
inhabiting the forests located near to Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Orissa, a south-eastern state in India.
The methods adopted for the preparation of plant parts are discussed along with their family and local name(s).
The majority of the herbal preparations were made in the form of juices or by using water as the medium in
the form of decoctions or infusions. Various plant parts, such as leaves, flowers, fruits, barks, stems, roots, and
in some cases the whole plants are used to prepare these remedies each of which contains a single species.
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The perceptions and management of ADD/ADHD by homoeopathic practitioners in KwaZulu-NatalMedina, Megan 27 August 2012 (has links)
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2012. / INTRODUCTION
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD) is a multifactorial and clinically heterogeneous disorder that is associated with tremendous financial burden, stress to families and adverse academic and vocational outcomes (Bierderman, 2005). ADD/ADHD is currently one of the most researched childhood conditions, yet there is still much controversy and misunderstanding surrounding it. It is also one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders of childhood development (Picton, 2005) and the prevalence of this disorder in adults is increasingly recognized (Bierderman, 2005).
Parents are seeking alternatives, as they are concerned with the side effects of Methylphenidate hydrochloride and other conventional medication used to treat the symptoms of ADD/ADHD.
AIM
The aim of this research was to document the current practices of registered homoeopathic practitioners, with regard to ADD/ADHD. In addition, their perceptions regarding aetiology, treatment, management and success rate was investigated. This research took the form of a qualitative survey targeting homoeopaths practicing within the KwaZulu- Natal region.
METHOD
A total of 42 practitioners were contacted, 35 practitioners initially agreed to participate in the study, and the questionnaires were electronically sent to them via email. Of these 35 homoeopaths, 22 participated in the survey, i.e. giving an overall response rate of 62 percent. The questionnaires were electronically distributed and collected via email. The raw data was coded and captured by Google docs and the results were analysed by utilizing the SPSS for Windows version 18 SPSS/PASW 2009.
RESULTS
The majority of the responding homoeopaths practiced in the more urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, more specifically within the eThekwini Durban area. The majority of these homoeopaths had qualified from the Durban University of Technology, were English speaking females and were between the ages of 25-35 years old.
The homoeopaths within this study found that most patients who present with ADD/ADHD symptoms are previously diagnosed by paediatrician’s neurologists or psychologists. According to the homoeopaths participating in the study, the general consensus is that the diagnosis of ADD/ADHD is given far too easily, and without proper assessment, 86 percent of the homoeopaths are of the opinion that ADD/ADHD is misdiagnosed, and ninety one percent stated that ADD/ADHD is over diagnosed.
The majority of the practitioners prescribe a simplex remedy, or the Simillimum, whereas only a few practitioners prescribe a complex remedy. It was found that the most common complex prescribed is Nervoheel®. Some practitioners prefer to make up their own complexes, which would be patient specific.
In this study it was found that 68 percent of the practitioners reported the sycotic miasm to be most common, and 54 percent of the practitioners reported the tubercular miasm to be the second most common presenting miasm.
The homoeopaths in this study stated that they prefer to use a holistic approach to obtain optimal well being, thus advice, lifestyle adjustments, education and counselling all form part of the treatment and management of a patient with ADD/ADHD, making it unique and specific to each case. Of the adjunctive therapies, Vitamins, supplements, and nutritional changes are recommended, especially if a deficiency has been identified. The most commonly prescribed supplements for ADD/ADHD are the Essential Fatty Acids (EFA’s) followed by Vitamin B Complexes, Multi-vitamins and Magnesium, Zinc, and Calcium.
CONCLUSION
The majority of the homoeopaths in this study reported that they are having a moderate to great success in treating and managing patients with ADD/ADHD. Many of these practitioners thought there to be no single cause for ADD/ADHD, however many of them found there to be a few significant contributing factors to the development or aetiology of ADD/ADHD. These factors include; genetics, environment, diet, vaccinations and family dynamics. The majority of the practitioners believe that ADD/ADHD is far too easily diagnosed and that further assessment of the mental, emotional, and physical symptoms of the patient need to be taken into consideration. The majority of the homoeopaths in this study prefer to use Simplex treatment, and consider diet, lifestyle changes, and phytotherapy the most successful adjunctive therapies when treating and managing a patient with ADD/ADHD.
Many of the practitioners within this study reported that homoeopathy should be considered a primary treatment option for patients with ADD/ADHD, as the focus of the treatment is on determining the cause of the symptoms, and then managing the patient as a whole, focusing on changing the diet, altering the lifestyle, and treating the totality of the mental, emotional and physical symptoms.
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In vitro antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties of Ocimum species (Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum) (L.)Malapermal, Veshara January 2016 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master in Technology, Department of Biomedical Technology and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / Introduction
In Africa, use of phytotherapy for treatment of diabetes mellitus is a common form of practice. Considering the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in South Africa efforts are directed at simple, cost effective, non-hazardous and efficient methods to treat cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The role of phytonanotherapy is an attractive proposition for advancing new therapies. Metal nanoparticles are a possible means for delivery of such therapies. However, this requires investigation on interactions, mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy upon co-administering ethnobotanicals with metal nanoparticles and existing drug therapy in human beings.
Aim
The primary aim of the study was to test the in vitro antidiabetic and antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum (leaf extracts and flower extracts), Ocimum basilicum (leaf extracts and flower extracts), and a combination of the leaf extracts of both, and to observe whether any antidiabetic and antibacterial activity was enhanced in due to phyto-synthesised bimetallic gold-silver (Au-Ag) nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles.
Methods
Aqueous and ethanol extracts of O. sanctum and O. basilicum leaf and flowers alone and combined (leaf + flower) were prepared using hot vs cold water extraction techniques and 60% and 70% ethanol as polar solvents.
A simple, rapid, cost effective and reproducible green chemistry method synthesised alloyed bimetallic (Au-Ag) nanoparticles using O. basilicum leaf and flower aqueous extracts and prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNps) using O. basilicum and O. sanctum leaf aqueous extracts singly and in combination (O. sanctum + O. basilicum). The size, shape and elemental analysis of the nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) supported by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) identified the bio-capping agents.
Antidiabetic carbohydrate metabolising enzymes, α-amylase (porcine) and Bacillus stearothermophilus α-glucosidase as models tested the in vitro inhibitory potential of the aqueous and ethanol plant extracts and the phyto-synthesised (Au-Ag) bimetallic and AgNps. In addition, the study investigated the antibacterial potential for the aqueous plant preparations and their respective phyto-synthesised bimetallic and AgNps against the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to gentamycin and vancomycin.
Results
Bimetallic nanoparticles (synthesised from leaf and flower aqueous extracts) displayed inhibitory activity that showed uncompetitive inhibition (leaf extract), and non-competitive inhibition (flower extract) of α-amylase and competitive (leaf extract) and uncompetitive inhibition (flower extract) of α-glucosidase. Bimetallic nanoparticles were higher in inhibitory activity than acarbose and the crude O. basilicum ethanol and aqueous leaf and flower extracts. In the antibacterial analysis, bimetallic nanoparticles derived from O. basilicum leaf showed inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and were greater in activity compared to the crude aqueous leaf extract from O. basilicum.
The in vitro inhibitory effect of AgNps derived from O. sanctum and AgNps derived from O. basilicum on both enzymes was higher in activity than acarbose and their respective crude extracts. However, in combination (O. sanctum + O. basilicum), the derived AgNps appeared to be a less potent inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme and was lower than acarbose. AgNps synthesised from the combination of O. sanctum and O. basilicum showed the highest percentage inhibition against Bacillus stearothermophilus α-glucosidase, and AgNps derived from O. sanctum and AgNps derived from O. basilicum displayed competitive type of inhibition. In the antibacterial analysis, AgNps derived from the various extracts showed zones of inhibition against the Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial test strains. However, AgNps synthesised from the O. sanctum leaf extract showed higher inhibition against Escherichia coli than the positive control gentamycin and higher inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus compared to vancomycin. In addition, AgNps from O. sanctum leaf extract displayed inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella species, thus representing the highest antibacterial potential.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate the possibility of synthesis of stable silver and bimetallic nanoparticles of Ocimum sp. The synthesised silver nanoparticles and first time synthesis of bimetallic (Au-Ag) nanoparticles displayed enhanced antihyperglycaemic properties compared to their respective crude extracts and, therefore, show promising effects in lowering postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients with dual potential for antibacterial treatment. However, the antidiabetic and antibacterial effect will need to be further affirmed in a clinical context. Medicinal plants with therapeutic value may create a new platform for further research to explore the potential for herbal medicine and nanoscience as effective biomedical and industrial applications, and for improving existing drug delivery systems in diabetic patients. Investigations into the cytotoxicity of these extracts and phytosynthesised nanoparticles is recommended. / M
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靈芝之成分研究王秀枝 January 2002 (has links)
碩士 / 台北醫學院 / 藥學研究所 / 90 / Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) karst ( polyporaceae ) is a well-known Chinese crude drug which has been widely used for promotion of health and longevity in East Asia. Current trend of phytotherapy research prevailing in Asia pacific country, Ganoderma lucidum is one of the focal point in the development of Chinese herbs. Ganoderma lucidum contains several chemical constituents, which have been investigated in relation to their physiological effects. The compounds can be used the standards in QC and the reference constituents in preparation of standards. Therefore, a chemical investigation of compounds in Ganoderma lucidum was performed. The fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum was extracted with MeOH at room temperature. By means of various chromatographic methods, nine compound were isolated and purified. On the basis of spectral analysis, the structure of this compound was determined to be Ganodermic acid G (1), Lucidone A (2), Pachymic acid (3), Polyporenic acid C (4), Stellasterol (5), Pterocarpin (6), Trifolirhizin (7), Kuraridinol (8), Kuraridin (9)。
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Modèle expérimental de fibrose rénale interstitielle induite par les acides aristolochiques («plantes chinoises»)Debelle, Frédéric 01 February 2005 (has links)
La néphropathie aux plantes chinoises (CHN) est une maladie rénale grave qui a été décrite pour la première fois en 1993 chez des patientes ayant suivi un régime amaigrissant à base d’extraits de plantes chinoises (Aristolochia fangchi) contenant des acides aristolochiques (AA). Cette néphropathie se caractérise par une atrophie tubulaire et une fibrose interstitielle aboutissant à l’urémie terminale et se complique fréquemment de cancers des voies urinaires. Au moment d’initier ce travail, il subsistait toujours un large débat quant au rôle étiologique réel des acides aristolochiques dans la genèse de cette maladie. En effet, les gélules à visée amaigrissante contenaient d’autres substances potentiellement néphrotoxiques. Mais surtout, il n’existait aucune preuve expérimentale que les AA pouvaient induire une fibrose rénale interstitielle.
Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous démontrons que l’injection par voie sous-cutanée d’AA à la dose de 10 mg/Kg/jour à des rats Wistar mâles en déplétion sodée entraîne l’apparition au 35ème jour d’une atrophie tubulaire, d’une fibrose interstitielle et d’une insuffisance rénale, reproduisant ainsi les anomalies caractéristiques de la CHN. Nous avons ensuite montré que la dexfenfluramine, substance anorexigène à action de type sérotoninergique prise concomitamment par les patientes atteintes de CHN, ne potentialise pas la toxicité rénale des AA. Enfin, la stimulation du système rénine angiotensine (SRA) par la déplétion sodée ou l’inhibition de celui-ci par un traitement pharmacologique ne modifie pas la fibrose interstitielle ni l’insuffisance rénale induite par les AA.
En conclusion, nous avons réussi à développer un modèle in vivo de fibrose rénale interstitielle induite par les AA. Dès lors nous avons apporté la preuve expérimentale de l’implication des AA dans le développement de la CHN. Ce modèle a permis de démontrer que les autres éléments potentiellement néphrotoxiques contenues dans la cure d’amaigrissement (dexfenfluramine, diurétique, laxatif) n’influençaient pas l’évolution de la fibrose interstitielle, ce qui confirme que la prise isolée d’AA suffit à expliquer le développement de la CHN. Cette confirmation à d’importantes implications en santé publique dans la mesure où des plantes contenant des acides aristolochiques font toujours partie des phytothérapies traditionnelles. De plus, il est apparu que, dans ce modèle, les mécanismes de la fibrose rénale interstitielle pouvaient être largement indépendants du SRA. Enfin, de par sa durée limitée et sa grande reproductibilité, ce modèle constitue un outil expérimental d’avenir pour l’étude des mécanismes physiopathologiques de la fibrose rénale interstitielle en général.
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Le médicament à base de plantes en Europe : statut, enregistrement, contrôlesLehmann, Hélène 05 April 2013 (has links) (PDF)
La phytothérapie consiste en l'utilisation thérapeutique de plantes ou de médicaments à base de plantes, sous forme de spécialités pharmaceutiques, de préparations (magistrales ou officinales) ou de produits officinaux divisés. On entend par médicament à base de plantes (MABP) " tout médicament dont les substances actives sont exclusivement une ou plusieurs substances végétales ou préparations à base de plantes ou une association d'une ou de plusieurs substances végétales ou préparations à base de plantes ". Il s'agit donc de médicaments à part entière qui sont ainsi soumis aux mêmes exigences de qualité que celles requises pour tout autre médicament. La directive 2004/24/CE, permet toutefois quelques assouplissements autorisant à fournir des données toxicologiques et cliniques purement bibliographiques, lorsque les conditions requises pour pouvoir bénéficier d'un tel "enregistrement de l'usage traditionnel" sont remplies. Quant aux médicaments dont l'usage médical est "bien établi", ils peuvent également faire l'objet d'une dispense d'essais cliniques, mais les données toxicologiques les concernant doivent néanmoins être fournies. Cette législation européenne vise à garantir au patient la qualité, la sécurité et l'efficacité des remèdes qu'il consomme, à permettre le libre choix thérapeutique, la libre circulation des médicaments au sein de l'Union Européenne ainsi que la préservation des ressources naturelles végétales et le respect de la propriété intellectuelle et pourrait inspirer d'autres pays du monde qui ne disposent pas à ce jour des outils législatifs nécessaires à la réglementation de leurs remèdes traditionnels, en particulier les pays africains.
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Desarrollo y evaluación de una pasta untable para el aprovechamiento de semillas de zapallo (Cucurbita máxima)González Remedi, Pamela Alejandra January 2010 (has links)
Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos / El zapallo es un fruto ampliamente consumido en Chile, sin embargo su consumo está restringido únicamente a la pulpa del fruto, dejando como desperdicios la fibra y las semillas de él. Las semillas presentan una composición rica en sustancias potencialmente benéficas para la salud como antioxidantes, fitoesteroles y tocoferoles a los que se asocian importantes propiedades fitoterapéuticas. Debido a lo anterior, se elaboró una pasta untable en base a semillas de zapallo, como propuesta para el aprovechamiento de este material de descarte. Para ello se determinó mediante un diseño de experimento de mezclas, que la fórmula con 40% de azúcar, 22% de leche descremada, 18% de semillas, 10% de aceite vegetal y 8% de cacao, fue la que presentó mayor aceptabilidad desde el punto de vista sensorial entre los consumidores. Se caracterizó el producto de acuerdo a su composición nutricional, características microbiológicas y fisicoquímicas, donde se obtuvo que 100 g del producto elaborado contienen: 8,8 g de proteínas; 39,6 g de grasas totales, de los cuales: 7,7% son grasas saturadas; 13,5% grasas monoinsaturadas y 18,4% grasas poliinsaturadas; predominando principalmente los ácidos: oleico, linoleico y esteárico; 47,4 g de carbohidratos disponibles, 2 g de agua; 2,14 g de cenizas (contenido mineral); y aporta 581 kcal. Los análisis microbiológicos demostraron que el producto no presenta riesgos para la salud haciéndolo apto para el consumo. El producto presentó una actividad de agua de 0,78 y un pH de 6,79; valores que dejan al producto dentro de los alimentos de humedad intermedia y pH neutro. Además se estimó la vida útil del producto elaborado, mediante pruebas aceleradas a 50°, 60° y 70°C, de donde se obtuvo que a 20°C el producto se mantiene estable por 2,5 meses y presenta una energía de activación para el deterioro de 55 kJ/mol. Debido a las características antes mencionadas y a las propiedades funcionales de las semillas de zapallo, el alimento es apropiado para su consumo y potencialmente benéfico para la salud, por lo que representa una interesante propuesta como aporte en la nutrición humana / Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is a vegetable widely consumed in Chile, although its consumption is restricted only to the fruit pulp, leaving as waste products its fiber and seeds. The pumpkin seeds have a rich composition in substances that are potentially beneficial for health, such as antioxidants, phytosterols and tocopherols, which were associated to phytotherapeutic properties. Due to the above, a spreadable paste of pumpkin seeds was made as a proposal to improve the use of this waste material. In order to this, it was determined by a Design of Experiment of mixtures that the formula with: 40% of sugar, 22% of skim milk, 18% of pumpkin seeds,10% of vegetal oil and 8% of cocoa powder, had the best consumer acceptability from the sensory point of view. The product was characterized according to their nutritional composition, microbiological and physicochemical characteristics, of which were obtained that 100 g of product contains: 8,8 g of proteins; 39,6 g of total fats, of which: 7,7% are from saturated fat; 13,5% from monounsaturated fat and 18,4% from polyunsaturated fat; dominated mainly by: oleic, linoleic and stearic acid; 47,4 g of crude fiber, 2 g of moisture; 2,14 g of total ashes; and contributes 581 kcal. The microbiological analyses showed that the product does not represent any health risk for the consumers, making it suitable for its human consumption. Also, the product showed a water activity of 0,78 and pH of 6,79; these values leave the product within intermediate moisture food and neutral pH. Additionally, the shelf life of the product was estimated using accelerated temperatures: 50°C, 60°C and 70°C, of which was obtained that the shelf life of the product is 2,5 month al 20°C whit a activation energy of 55 kJ/mol. Due the characteristics mentioned above and the functional properties of pumpkin seeds, the product is appropriate for consumption and potentially beneficial to health, therefore represents an interesting proposal as a contribution to human nutrition
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Etude des xénorécepteurs CAR (NR1I3) et PXR (NR1I2) : identification d’un nouveau gène cible de CAR (SPOT14) et d’une nouvelle isoforme de PXR (PXR-small) dans l'hépatocyte humain / Study of the CAR (NR1I3) and PXR (NR1I2) : identification of a new CAR target gene (SPOT14) and a new PXR isoform (PXR-small) in human hepatocyteBreuker, Cyril 16 December 2010 (has links)
CAR (Constitutive Androstane Receptor, NR1I3) et PXR (Pregnane X Receptor, NR1I2) sont deux récepteurs nucléaires dédiés à la reconna issance et à l'élimination de molécules lipophiles potentiellement toxiques pour l'organisme. Ces facteurs de transcription peuvent être activés par des ligands d'origines et de structures diverses (médicaments, polluants environnementaux, produits de l'alimentation et de phytothérapies). L'activation de ces récepteurs entraîne l'expression des gènes majeurs de la fonction de détoxication entéro-hépatique (CYP450, transférases, transporteurs) permettant l'élimination de ces toxiques. Dans ce travail, nous avons dans un premier temps 1) montré que CAR contrôle l'expression de Spot14, une protéine pro-lipogénique, et 2) nous avons identifié une nouvelle isoforme de PXR (PXR-small) codant uniquement pour le domaine de liaison des ligands de PXR. Nous avons pu déterminer les origines de transcription par 5'-RACE PCR et montrer que PXR-small représente environ 10% de l'ensemble des transcrits de PXR dans le tissu hépatique sain par une approche de PCR qua ntitative. Nous avons pu détecter sa présence par western-blot sur des extraits de protéines nucléaires issus de tissus hépatiques et de lignées cellulaires hépatiques. Par des expériences de gel retard, nous avons observé que cette nouvelle isoforme tronquée, qui ne code que pour le LBD de PXR, ne peut pas se lier à l'ADN. Des expériences de gènes rapporteurs suggèrent que cette isoforme se comporte comme un dominant négatif de PXR. Enfin, la présence d'un ilot CpG situé juste en amont de PXR-small suggère que cette nouvelle isoforme pourrait être régulée épigénétiquement par méthylation, notamment dans les cellules tumorales. / CAR (Constitutive Androstane Receptor, NR1I3) and PXR (Pregnane X Receptor, NR1I2) are two nuclear receptors devoted to the recognition and elimination of lipohilic molecules potentially toxic to the body.These transcription factors can be activated by ligands of different origins and structures (drugs, environmental pollutants, food products and herbal medicine...). The activation of these receptors leads to the expression of major genes of the detoxification process (CYP450, transferases, transporters) leading to the elimination of these toxics. In this work, we 1) showed that Spot14, a pro-lipogenic protein, is a target gene of CAR, then 2) we identified a novel isoform of PXR (PXR-small), coding only the ligand binding domain of PXR. By using 5'-RACE PXR, we established the origins of transcription of PXR-small and by quantitative PCR we observed that PXR-small represents about 10% of all PXR transcripts in human liver. By using western blo t, we detect its presence on nuclear protein extracts from liver tissues and hepatic cell lines. In Electromobility shift essays experiments, we observed that PXR-small cannot bind to DNA, while reporter essay experiments suggest that this isoform acts as a dominant negative of PXR. Finally, the presence of a CpG island just upstream of PXR-small suggests that this novel isoform might be regulated epigenetically by methylation, more particularly in tumor cells.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Inorganic Nano-Micro Particles and their Role in Innovative Practical ApplicationsD'Amen, Eros <1985> 10 May 2016 (has links)
In this thesis, the synthesis of nano-micro particles of crystalline inorganic materials and four different applications involving their use, are presented . Inorganic particles have been synthesized following two main criteria: i) the particle’s dimensions, specific surface area and crystalline phase of the product have been optimized for the practical application; ii) both the synthesis and application should be based on a simple procedure, environmental low impact, economical affordability.
In particular, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel hydrolysis of Titanium(IV) isopropoxide in an isopropyl alcohol/water solution. The isopropyl alcohol contained in the solvent mixture act as a capping agent stabilizing the forming nanometric particles, and play also a role in the suspension stability. Synthesized Titanium dioxide reveals good photocatalytic properties directly as synthesized, without needing further thermal treatment. Photoactive Titanium dioxide have been used for NOx pollutants abatement on waste gases produced by a working plant and as self-cleaning coating on photovoltaic Silicon panels, showing good results.
Crystalline calcium phosphate nano and micro particles, in particular Hydroxyapatite, Brushite, Monetite and Mg-doped β-Tricalcium phosphate have been synthesized. Two applications of the synthesized Calcium phosphates are reported, both based on the drug delivery concept. Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals were used to adsorbe and retain on their surface anticancer drugs based on a Platinum complex, and release them in response to a pH variation.
Phytotherapics active elements have been stabilized by physisorption on Calcium phosphates particles surface. The administration of the obtained suspensions shows good results in terms of plant’s healing, using a lower amount of phytotherapic elements compared to the commercial products. / In questa tesi sono riportate sintesi e caratterizzazione di nano-micro particelle di materiale cristallino inorganico, e quattro loro applicazioni. Le particelle inorganiche sono state preparate seguendo due criteri principali: i) le proprietà chimico-fisiche delle particelle devono essere ottimizzate in funzione dell’applicazione; ii) sintesi e applicazione devono essere basate su procedure semplici, con basso impatto ambientale ed economicamente sostenibili. In particolare, nano particelle di Titanio biossido sono state sintetizzate tramite reazione di idrolisi di Titanio(IV) isopropossido in una soluzione di acqua a alcol isopropilico. L’alcol isopropilico presente nella miscela di solventi agisce da agente cappante stabilizzando le nanoparticelle in formazione e dimostra un ruolo nella stabilità della sospensione. Il Titanio biossido prodotto ha rivelato buone proprietà foto catalitiche senza bisogno di ulteriori trattamenti termici. Il Titanio biossido foto attivo è stato applicato con buoni risultati nell’abbattimento di NOx dalle emissioni di uno stabilimento e come strato autopulente su dei pannelli fotovoltaici.
Sono state sintetizzate nano e micro particelle di calcio fosfati cristallini, nello specifico Idrossiapatite, Brushite, Monetite and β-Tricalcio fosfato Mg-sostituito. Ne sono riportate due applicazioni, entrambe basate sul concetto di drug delivery. Nanocristalli di Idrossiapatite sono stati utilizzati per adsorbire e ritenere sulla loro superficie farmaci chemioterapici basati su complessi di Platino, e successivamente rilasciare il farmaco in risposta ad una variazione di pH. Alcuni principi attivi fitoterapici sono stai stabilizzati tramite fisisorbimento sulla superficie di particelle di Calcio fosfati in sospensione. La loro applicazione ha dimostrato buoni risultati curativi sulle piante, utilizzando quantitativi di principio attivo molto ridotti rispetto ai prodotti commerciali.
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