La transformation de supporters de football serbes, bosniaques et croates en soldats dès 1991, la présence de supporters en première ligne contre la police dans la chute du régime de Milošević et dans l’opposition au président croate Franjo Tuđman, la mobilisation violente de supporters contre la tenue de gay pride, la prise d’assaut de l’ambassade des Etats-Unis à Belgrade, sont autant de faits qui s’inscrivent au croisement du football par les acteurs en jeu, du politique par la portée de leurs actes, et de l’identitaire comme fondement légitimateur à agir. C’est donc à partir de ces faits politiques que la question des interactions entre les mondes du football et le monde politique tire sa légitimité. Il s’agit alors de décrypter ces interactions, aussi bien dans le temps depuis la fin de la Yougoslavie communiste jusqu’à nos jours, que de façon comparée entre les différents pays issus de la Yougoslavie. Ce faisant, loin de la futilité dont on l’affuble, il faut prendre le football au sérieux aussi bien dans son rôle de fenêtre d’observation que dans celui d’agent politique de changement. Ce faisant, c’est à travers le football mais surtout par le football que l’on peut produire une analyse politique transversale de l’espace post-yougoslave, que ce soit sur le phénomène de politisation par le bas, sur la persistance du paradigme ethno-nationaliste, sur le caractère très discutable de l’idée de rupture entre l’avant et l’après 2000, ainsi que sur la persistance de pratiques politiques autoritaires dans l’ensemble de la région indépendamment du processus d’intégration européenne. / Football fans from Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia started turning into soldiers from 1991. Football fans were on the frontline against police during Milosevic’s fall as well as in the opposition to Croatian president Tudjman. Football fans were able to mobilize in huge numbers with extreme violence against gay pride parades. Football fans assaulted and set the US embassy in Belgrade on fire in 2008. These facts are at the crossroads between football through the actors at stake, politics through their aims and meanings, and identity regarding the founding ideas upon which they rely. It is therefore throughout those facts that interactions between the football world and the political world are a legitimate question to raise. It shall be dealt with not only by taking into account a broad period from the end of communist Yugoslavia to nowadays, but also in a comparative approach between the different states born from Yugoslavia’s collapse. Thus, far from being a futile occupation and an illegitimate social science object, it is necessary to take football seriously regarding the two roles it plays, first as an observation window, second as a political agent of change. Therefore, not only through football but also by football will it be possible to draw a transversal political analysis, be it on the politicisation process from the bottom, on the persistence of an ethno-nationalist paradigm, on whether 2000 can be deemed a deep break in the period from 1991 to nowadays, and on authoritarian practices in the region regardless of the European integration process.

This study investigates the manner in which cinematic visual translation styles can be used to incorporate dominant and subversive historical versions in fictional narratives constructed within the conspiracy film genre. Fictional characters in a conspiracy film are often tasked with a mission to discover the alternative historical accounts, accounts which for all intents and purposes are regularly kept hidden from the public eye. These accounts are presented as a plausible and often unconventional narrative which challenges the dominant version of events. A visual translation style is a term used to describe the various methods in which a film can be shot and edited in order to create a specific aesthetic and communicate a specific idea. These styles can consist of camera movements, shot sizes or editing techniques, all of which aid in communicating a specific idea in a film. This study analyses the conventions of the conspiracy film, with regard to the manner in which the alternative and dominant versions of historical accounts are constructed. Furthermore, the study explores how these alternative and hegemonic historical events are presented and communicated through the use of visual translation styles. Theorists such as Jean Baudrillard and David Bordwell are referenced when discussing the meaning and application of terms such as “truth”, “narrative” and “history” and to problematise these notions in the context of this particular genre. Other key notions investigated include aporia, metalanguage and object-language and notions of genre theory. The conceptual and theoretical framework regarding visual translation styles is further complemented by writers such as Don Fairservice and Ken Dancyger. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Drama / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_marcelino.pdf: 1690536 bytes, checksum: 6e0a462efdc26bdb0acdd3fa30f4b311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 / This work is proposing a dogmatic scientific-research of the legal nature and of the efficaciousness of judicial decision from the point of view of normative effect, giving them semiotic approach, by a vision of the theory of codes and meaning; linguistic concepts were inevitable to the understanding about the logical-formal that requires a content inseparable for any formalization and the thought in itself is already under the rules and patterns of the language in which the objects are known, leading to, for any logic that stands out as legal, a validation not only a priori, but also a posteriori. The Theory of Legal Fact was revisited to the insert of a new feature to the plan of the efficaciousness and thereby to demonstrate the relation of unlimited causality between legal fact and efficaciousness, applying to them and as well as to the effect the Theory of Sets. It has been introduced the concept of ideal fact support as a requeriment to interpret the legal phenomenon from the material fact to the legal norm. The expression of the hypothetical imperative of Kelsen, revised by Carlos Cossio, was formed by a paraconsistent and axiological modal, in which the legal phenomenon is seen, so, extensional-intencional. After the demonstration of such assumptions, it got concluded that the existence of judicial decision as soon produces a set efficaciousness, which neither the appeal for a formal reconsideration of judgement can affect it, reaching only the decision s effects. The legal nature of judicial decision was designed taking into account its components both constitutional and of act strictly of law. The constitution of the legal fact by procedural law was only put on the plan's validity and efficaciousness / Este trabalho se propõe a uma investigação científico-dogmática da natureza jurídica e da eficácia da sentença civil, sob o ponto de vista da incidência normativa, dando-lhes abordagem semiótica, por um viés da teoria dos códigos e da significação; inserções lingüísticas foram inevitáveis para a compreensão de que o lógico-formal pressupõe um conteúdo indissociável para qualquer formalização e que o pensamento em si mesmo já se encontra sob as regras e padrões da linguagem com a qual são conhecidos os objetos, acarretando, a qualquer lógica que se imponha como jurídica, uma validação não só a priori, como também a posteriori. Revisitou-se a Teoria do Fato Jurídico para insertar uma nova feição ao plano da eficácia, com o que se quer demonstrar a relação de causalidade ilimitada entre fato jurídico e eficácia jurídica, aplicando-se à eficácia e aos efeitos a Teoria dos Conjuntos. Introduziu-se a noção de suporte fático ideal como supedâneo para interpretar o fenômeno jurídico do suporte fático para a norma. A expressão do juízo hipotético de Kelsen, reelaborado por Carlos Cossio, foi integrada por um modal paraconsistente e axiológico em que o fenômeno jurídico é visto extensional-intencionalmente. A partir da demonstração de tais premissas, concluiu-se que a existência do fato jurídico da sentença produz de logo seu conjunto eficácia, o qual nem o recurso nem a recorribilidade podem afetá-lo, atingindo apenas seus efeitos. A natureza jurídica da sentença foi concebida levando-se em consideração seu componente constitucional (vontade Estatal) e infraconstitucional (ato jurídico estrito senso). A constituição do direito material pelo direito processual foi posta apenas sobre o plano da validade e da eficácia

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to propose for changes in the company information system. Document content is focuse on analyse, implementation and using data warehouse and usage advance to optimaze methods for achievement added value to users. The first part of this thesis is focused on choice of suitable concept of data warehouse, implementation and possible problems. In the second part, I compare assets of this system with costs for development and administration.

The ‘Red Phone’, understood as a telephone connection between the Cremlin and the White House, never existed. In this paper I treat it as a hybrid object of knowledge, whose materiality is mixed with facts and fictions. When the fictitious object first appeared in literature and film it was still relatively amorphous and insignificant. Only due to an increased production of signs, symbolic attributions, narrative strategies and rhetorical figures was the notorious Cold War apparatus constituted. As a discursive object the ‘Red Phone’ in turn provides specific information on a form of knowledge characteristic of this period. The ‘Red Phone’ is closely connected to crisis situations that deal with apocalyptic scenarios. To better understand this hybrid object this paper will analyze the short story „Abraham ’59 – A nuclear Fantasy“ (Harvey Wheeler) and the novel Fail-Safe (Eugene Burdick/Harvey Wheeler) that both stage a telephone connection between Moscow and Washington, which aims at deescalating a crisis situation.

Fortsetzung, Ergänzung und Korrektur des 12. Teils

Continuation of the 12th part: Complement and correction of the novel Tietken-Castell-Prime-Algorithm

The search for information about entities, such as people or movies, plays an increasingly important role on the Web. This information is still scattered across many Web pages, making it more time consuming for a user to find all relevant information about an entity. This thesis describes techniques to extract entities and information about these entities from the Web, such as facts, opinions, questions and answers, interactive multimedia objects, and events. The findings of this thesis are that it is possible to create a large knowledge base automatically using a manually-crafted ontology. The precision of the extracted information was found to be between 75–90 % (facts and entities respectively) after using assessment algorithms. The algorithms from this thesis can be used to create such a knowledge base, which can be used in various research fields, such as question answering, named entity recognition, and information retrieval.

To complete work in a satisfactory manner, the auditor needs to maintain his or her qualifying role; it is required that the auditor is independent. The auditor shall review his or her independence before each assignment and resign if there are circumstances that could upset the trust in his or her independence. The study is based on the scepticism we have that a human being can ever be independent. The thesis aims to obtain valuable insight into the auditor’s independent position by studying the auditor’s approach on independence and the eventual threats they may experience. Furthermore, the purpose is to determine if an auditor can be independent. Through a qualitative method and abductive approach, the study has taken its starting point in the research to supplement the general knowledge with the practice from the auditor’s perspective. Within the institutional context, we have analyzed the empirical data based on three overarching themes; 1. The Swedish Auditing Act’s five threats against independence, 2. Independence in fact and independence in appearance, and 3. The auditor’s practical course of action. The study shows that there are divided opinions about whether an auditor can be independent and that there are patterns that indicate the existence of isomorphism. Likewise, the study shows that threats of friendship and self-examination should not necessarily be seen as a threat but rather as an advantage to conducting a qualitative audit. / För att en revisor ska genomföra ett tillfredsställande arbete och behålla sin kvalitetsstämplande roll krävs det att hen är oberoende. Revisorn ska med stöd av revisorslagens analysmodell pröva sitt oberoende innan varje uppdrag och avsäga sig uppdrag om det finns omständigheter som kan rubba förtroendet för hens opartiskhet eller självständighet. Problematiken i studien grundar sig i den skepticism vi har till att en människa någonsin kan vara oberoende. Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en användbar inblick i revisorns oberoendeposition genom att studera revisors synsätt på sin roll och de eventuella hotbilder mot oberoendet som de upplever. Vidare är syftet att reda ut om det överhuvudtaget är möjligt för en revisor att vara oberoende. Studien har genom en kvalitativ metod och abduktiv ansats tagit avstamp ur forskningen för att komplettera det rådande vetandet med praktiken ur revisorers perspektiv. Studien har inom en institutionell kontext analyserat empirin utifrån tre övergripande teman; 1. Revisorslagens analysmodell, 2. Faktiskt och synbart oberoende, och 3. Revisorns praktiska tillvägagångssätt. Studien visar att det finns delade meningar kring huruvida det är möjligt för en revisor att vara oberoende, samt att det föreligger mönster som tyder på existensen av isomorfism. Studien påvisar likaså att vänskaps- och självgranskningshot inte nödvändigtvis bör ses som ett hot, utan snarare som en fördel till att genomföra en kvalitativ revision.

The Prague Research Institute owns an self-developed algorithm (so-called 'Castell-fact-algorithm'), which is able to factorize unlimited large integers in an elegant and fast way. Because the experts are ignoring our information about it or even contradicting this fact (saying, 'it is not possible'), we hereby file subsequently another fast-developed, small algorithm as a 'teaser' (the so-called 'Tietken-Castell-Prime-Algorithm'), which can demonstrate the simple, efficient and creative operating principles of the Prague Research Institute. We call this Tietken-Castell-Prime-Algorithm 'creative', because it does not really create and identify prime numbers (at this assignment we are still working), but reach the same effect by a simple indirect procedure: With the assistence of a self-constructing and accumulating register (the so-called 'Tietken-Castell-register') prime numbers can also be a) created as well as b) identified and even big numbers, as far as they are already registered can practically be 'factorized' by reading out their prime-factors inside the register.