本研究では油圧ショベルの生産性の向上のための掘削制御方策の確立をシミュレーションモデルによって行い,その有効性の検証を行うことを目的とした.個別要素法を用いて土壌を離散的に解析することで,掘削の生産性を評価できるモデルを構築した.さらに油圧ショベルの動力学モデルを構築することで掘削作業を行うために必要なエネルギを解析する.この2つモデルを組み合わせ,掘削に必要なエネルギあたりの掘削量を生産性の指標として,生産性の定量的評価を行う. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

In the study "The relationship between postural stability and physical activities", we focused on determining the level of postural stability and the possibility of influencing by appropriate means of exercise intervention in people with increased physical activity and persons with physical limitations. Persons with increased physical activity were top players and players competing in various sports (football, handball, volleyball, golf) and those with physical limitations, patients suffering from diseases that have a negative impact on postural stability (Friedrich's ataxia, autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, Charlot-Marie- Tooth). Upright posture in stance and movement is a fundamental prerequisite for human bipedal locomotion. Postural stability is the ability to maintain an upright posture, which advises the motor and coordination skills, and its meaning is close to equilibrium abilities. Maintaining an upright posture is ensured by muscle activity, which is controlled by the central nervous system based on information from internal and external environment. Control of postural stability is the primary prerequisite for successful movement and as such it can be developed on the basis of appropriate physical activities. All methods of measuring static and dynamic postural stability can be...

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Exactly constrained (EC) design is a robust design method which can be used for mechanical assemblies. It entails using the minimum number of constraints to eliminate all desired motion. While found by some engineers in industry to have many benefits (including robust assembly, no binding or play, ease of assembly, and the ability to tolerate the wear of parts), EC designs remain somewhat unrecognized by academia. One reason for this minimal exposure may be the lack of a quantitative foundation for such designs. This thesis describes the history and current background for EC designs, and it also begins to develop a quantitative foundation for EC design based on several mathematical methods. EC designs can be analyzed quite simply by understanding that they are statically determinate. Because of this, the equations of equilibrium can be used to validate the rules and the nesting force window that have been defined by Blanding [1999]. In addition, a generalized method using the equations of equilibrium has been developed in this thesis to analyze an EC design based on the locations of the constraints and to find the nesting force window. The direct linearization method (DLM) is another mathematical method used to quantify information in an EC design. While EC designs provide many advantages, some EC assemblies may be "better" than others. A quantitative measure of goodness is developed in this thesis using the DLM. The goodness value assigned to each design through this process can either be used to make a decision on an individual design, or it can be used to compare similar EC designs. Finally, the robust nature of EC design is examined using a Monte Carlo simulation. In general, the results show that EC designs have a higher rate of assembly than similar designs that are over-constrained. They are more robust. In addition, EC designs have lower assembly error than the similarly over-constrained assemblies.

A new geologic map of the Twin Rocks 7.5 minute quadrangle primarily located within Capitol Reef National Park, south-central Utah, provides stratigraphic and structural detail not previously available. This map has also been instrumental in understanding the evolution and development of fluvial terraces associated with Sulfur Creek and the structural geology of the backlimb of the Miners Mountain uplift. Nine bedrock stratigraphic formations and eight types of Quaternary deposits were mapped throughout the quadrangle. Bedrock stratigraphy ranges in age from Permian to Jurassic. New details absent on previous geologic maps include members of the Chinle and Moenkopi Formations and the Jurassic Page Sandstone, a stratigraphic unit herein separated from the Navajo Sandstone. Terraces associated with Sulfur Creek record the central pathway of ancient streams rather than the lateral extent of the floodplain. Volcanic boulder-rich terrace deposits were likely created as stream channels were clogged with volcanic boulders and subsequently abandoned. The boulder-fill effectively armored the underlying softer bedrock. As the stream moved away from the abandoned, boulder-filled channel, it eroded and downcut into the adjacent softer mudstone bedrock, rather than eroding through the more resistant boulder alluvium. Thus, the abandoned boulder-filled channel becomes elevated relative to the stream. This inverted topography is preserved as elevated fluvial terrace deposits. This style of preservation of linear terraces developed over a broad area is in contrast to nearby terraces along the Fremont River which are preserved as "steps" cut into the resistant sandstones of the Glen Canyon Group along the Waterpocket Fold. These terraces have been used to identify changes in the location of Sulfur Creek through time. Kinematic analysis of structures in the backlimb of the uplift show a principle compressive stress orientation nearly perpendicular to the uplift axis and rotated 30° counter clockwise from the stress indicated by deformation bands measured in the forelimb. These data suggest that stress transmitted through the basement is partitioned and rotated in the backlimb, likely due to decoupling and differential slip in strata with low shear strength. Such decoupling would allow the stress to be rotated perpendicular to the resisting fold axis, rather than parallel to the far-field stress transmitted through the basement. Sandbox models produced in this study display boundary perpendicular structures similar to those measured in the backlimb of the Miners Mountain uplift.

This thesis focuses on different methods to analyze power transmission systems with computer software to aid in detection of faulty or damaged systems. It is split into three sections. The first section involves utilizing finite element software to analyze gear stiffness and stresses. A quasi-static and dynamic analysis are done on two sets of fixed axis spur gears and a planetary gear system using ABAQUS to analyze the stress, strain and gear mesh stiffness variation. In the second section, the vibrational patterns produced by a simple bevel gear system are investigated by an experiment and by dynamic modeling in ADAMS. Using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the dynamic contact forces, a comprehensive frequency-domain analysis will reveal unique vibration spectra at distinct frequencies around the gear mesh frequencies, their super- and sub- harmonics, and their side-band modulations. ADAMS simulation results are then compared with the experimental results. Constraints, bearing resistant torques, and other key parameters are applied as closely as possible to real operating conditions. The third section looks closely at the dynamic contact forces of a practical two-stage planetary gear. Using the same FFT approach in the second section, a frequency-domain analysis will reveal distinct frequencies around both the first-stage and the second-stage gear mesh frequencies, and their harmonics. In addition, joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) will be applied to damaged and undamaged planetary gear systems with transient start-up conditions to observe how the frequency contents of the contact force evolve over time.

<p>The Artillery Lake area is diagonally bisected by the north-northeasterly trending Thelon Front. The best single surface feature to represent the Thelon Front is the "straight zone" which is a zone of porphyroclastic metasediments that also contains the study area. Kinematic indicators observed in the study area include extensional shear surfaces, C&S fabric, mica "fish", asymmetrical porphyroclast tails, asymmetrical folds, microfaulted porphyroclasts and secondary quartz subgrain foliations. Kinematic analysis of these features has shown that right lateral simple shear displacements and "east-side-up" vertical shear displacements have been accommodated within the rocks of the study area. The displacement senses determined by kinematic analysis are consistent with the regional data indicating progressively deeper exposures of structural levels to the east which suggests vertical motions localized at the domain boundaries. The stretching lineation present in the area is a combination of passive and direct extensions due to sub-vertical motions in the shear zone. A transition from early-ductile to late-brittle feldspar deformation textures indicates that metamorphic conditions during initial deformation were at epidoteamphibolite facies and relaxed during the later stages of deformation to greenschist facies. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

The aim of this thesis work is to design an electric axle that contains all the operational components, like the powertrain, suspension, brakes, and steering system. One of the requirements of this design work is to package all the axle components compactly in one single unit. This work is also carried out to assess the viability of assisting in the overall modularity of the chassis as modularity in commercial vehicles has become a popular trend in recent years due to the increasing market competition as well as the need for more sustainable products. The work has been carried out in three phases - research, conceptualization, and analysis. The research phase consisted of both market research on the existing products available commercially and a literature review of the various components of an axle to find feasible alternatives to the components currently being used in electric axles. In the conceptualization phase, the various e-axle concepts were compared using methods like PUGH’s matrix to eliminate concepts that did not seem feasible for the detailed design. Preliminary CAD models were designed for the One-motor solution and the In-wheel motor solution. The In-wheel motor solution was eliminated due to some critical limitations and the One-motor solution was chosen for the next sub-phase of detailed CAD modeling. This concept was then analysed using Finite Element analysis as well as kinematic analysis to get insights into the axle performance as well as to observe the load distribution on the axle during operation. / Målet med detta examensarbete är att designa en elektrisk axel som innehåller alla driftskomponenter, såsom kraftöverföring, fjädring, bromsar och styrning. Ett av kraven för denna design är att kompakt packa alla axelkomponenter i en enda enhet. Arbetet utförs också för att bedöma genomförbarheten av att bidra till den övergripande modulariteten hos chassit, eftersom modularitet inom kommersiella fordon har blivit en populär trend de senaste åren på grund av ökad marknadskonkurrens samt behovet av mer hållbara produkter. Arbetet har genomförts i tre faser - forskning, konceptualisering och analys. Forskningsfasen bestod av både marknadsundersökningar av befintliga produkter som finns kommersiellt tillgängliga och en litteraturgenomgång av olika delkomponenter i en axel för att hitta genomförbara alternativ till de komponenter som för närvarande används i elektriska axlar. I konceptualiseringsfasen jämfördes olika e-axelkoncept med hjälp av metoder som PUGH-matrisen för att eliminera koncept som inte verkade genomförbara för den detaljerade designen. Preliminära CAD-modeller designades för enmotorslösningen och in-wheel- motorlösningen. In-wheel-motorlösningen eliminerades på grund av vissa begränsningar, och enmotorslösningen valdes för nästa underfas av detaljerad CAD-modellering. Detta koncept analyserades sedan med hjälp av elementanalys samt kinematisk analys för att få insikter i axelns prestanda och observera belastningsfördelningen på axeln under drift.

Syftet med studien var att studera effekten av explicit kontextuell förhandsinformation på olika reliabilitetsnivåer hos fotbollsmålvakters förmåga att rädda straffar. Hypotesen som sattes utgick från att det skulle finnas en effekt av kontextuell förhandsinformation under förhållandet med stark handlingstendens, samtidigt skulle det inte finnas någon effekt av kontextuell förhandsinformation på målvakters förmåga vid förhållandet av svag handlingstendens. Syftet studerades genom en faktoriell experimentell design med de två förhållandena av svag handlingstendens (60/40) och stark handlingstendens (80/20). Manipuleringen av kontextuell förhandsinformation applicerades i båda förhållanden av handlingstendens i form av manipuleringen med kontextuell förhandsinformation och utan kontextuell förhandsinformation, på så vis utgjordes experimentet av fyra förhållanden. Deltagarna i studien bestod av 8 fotbollsmålvakter varav 7 män och 1 kvinna som alla hade 8 års erfarenhet av målvaktsspel. Det teoretiska ramverket som användes för analys var den bayesianska modellen som är en kognitiv modell vilken förklarar hur människan tar in och använder information genom att använda explicit kontextuell förhandsinformation och kinematisk information. Resultatet visade på att det inte fanns en statistisk signifikant effekt av kontextuell förhandsinformation oberoende av stark eller svag handlingstendens. Med resultatet menas att det inte finns några betydande effekter av kontextuell förhandsinformation under förhållande av stark handlingstendens eller svag handlingstendens. Resultaten för studien ligger inte i linje med tidigare forskningsbild av fenomenet, detta i form av att resultatet indikerar att det inte finns en effekt på målvakternas förmåga till antecipering. / The purpose of the study was to study the effect of explicit contextual information on soccer goalkeepers' ability to save penalties. The hypothesis set predicted that there would be an effect of contextual prior information under the high-action tendencies condition, while there would be no effect of contextual prior information on goalkeepers' ability under the low-action tendencies condition. The purpose was studied through a factorial experimental design with the two action tendency ratios of low-action tendencies (60/40) and high-action tendencies (80/20). The manipulation of prior contextual information was applied in both action tendency conditions in the form of the manipulation with contextual prior information and without contextual prior information, thus the experiment consisted of four conditions. The participants in the study consisted of 8 soccer goalkeepers, 7 men and 1 woman, all of whom had 8 years of experience in goalkeeping. The theoretical framework used for analysis was the Bayesian model which is a cognitive model which explains how humans take in and use information by using explicit contextual prior information and kinematic information. The results showed that there was not a statistically significant effect of contextual prior information. The result means that there are no significant effects of contextual prior information under conditions of high-action tendencies or low-action tendencies. The results of the study are not in line with previous research, this in the form that highly probable contextual information seems to not contribute with an effect on goalkeepers' ability to anticipate. / <p>Arbetet har i sammarbete utformats mellan mig och Pontus Hahrgren, där utformning av metoddesign, insamling av data, och analys av resultat genomförts ihop men separata arbeten har därefter utarbetats för rättsäker examination.</p>

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