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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

An investigation of metabolic side effects of antiretroviral therapy using laboratory biomarkers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals

Ndlovu, Thandie Sylph 13 June 2014 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology: Biomedical Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2012. / Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced because it has shown to reverse the Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), by reducing the HIV replication, allowing the regeneration of the patient’s immune system. ART is given to patients for the rest of their lives as part of HIV clinical care, but the use of ART has shown evidence of metabolic side effects which range from manageable to life threatening complications. Aims and objectives of the study The aim of the study was to investigate whether patients on ART developed metabolic side effects such as pancreatitis, dyslipidaemia and hepatotoxicity. These metabolic side effects were determined by laboratory testing of blood levels of specific biomarkers at stipulated intervals. Any significant change in the blood levels of these specific biomarkers was identified. Methodology : The study included 92 patients who were already selected for the ART programme which is in accordance to the South African National Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines of 2003 Laboratory blood analysis was conducted. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare changes in biomarkers over time. The severity of each side effect was assessed by grading each biomarker laboratory result through the use of an established toxicity grading table. Results : It was found that the biomarker blood levels were not significantly altered within 12 months of ART, however, there was a gradual increase of most biomarker values, indicating that abnormalities may be detected after a longer period of treatment. Conclusion : Within 12 months of treatment, life-threatening toxicities were not detected. It may be speculated that if ART is monitored correctly, life-threatening toxicities may be avoided in many patients.
242

Der natürliche Wnt-Antagonist SFRP4 in der Wachstumsregulation von diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen / The role of natural Wnt antagonist SFRP4 in growth regulation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Cicholas, Anna Karen 27 April 2016 (has links)
Die heterogene Biologie der diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphome (DLBCL) und die daraus resultierenden Unterschiede in Therapieansprechen und Prognose stellen ein wesentliches Problem in der aktuellen Therapie von DLBCL dar. Anomalien im kanonischen Wnt-Signalweg und seinen natürlichen Antagonisten wie secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) sind für verschiedene solide und hämatologische Malignome als wichtige Bestandteile der Tumorgenese und Tumorprogression identifiziert worden. Vorarbeiten unserer Arbeitsgruppe lieferten Hinweise für die Bedeutung von Wnt3a und SFRP4 in der Regulation von DLBCL. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, welche Rolle dem Protein SFRP4 in der Wachstumsregulation von diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen zukommt. Die Synthese von SFRP4 wurde in den als Modellzelllinien genutzten humanen DLBCL-Zelllinien nachgewiesen. Unter Verwendung von rekombinantem humanen SFRP4 sowie einer mittels lentiviraler shRNA erzeugten Expressionsreduktion von SFRP4 konnte gezeigt werden, dass SFRP4 zu einer Expansionshemmung sowie zu einer reduzierten Klonogenität bei DLBCL-Zellen führt. Als Ursache für diese Effekte konnte die Inhibition des kanonischen Wnt-Signalwegs durch SFRP4 identifiziert werden. SFRP4 wurde hinsichtlich seiner Bedeutung für die Ausprägung der Side Population (SP), einer Tumorzellsubpopulation mit repopulativem Potenzial, in DLBCL-Zellen untersucht. Dabei wurde sowohl durch exogene Zugabe als auch durch Reduktion von SFRP4 auf Transkriptebene die Bedeutsamkeit von SFRP4 für die SP-Regulation gezeigt. Untersuchungen zur differentiellen SFRP4-Expression sowie SFRP4-Promotormethylierung in Side Population versus non-Side Population wiesen epigenetische Mechanismen in der Regulation des SP-Phänotyps nach. Das DNA-demethylierende Medikament 5-Azacytidine reduzierte in DLBCL-Zelllinien Expansion sowie Klonogenität. Darüber hinaus beeinflusste 5-Azacytidine den kanonischen Wnt-Signalweg und den SFRP4-Gehalt der DLBCL-Zellen. Die Bedeutung von Exosomen als interzelluläre Kommunikatoren, die Wnt-Proteine transportieren, wurde unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von SFRP4 evaluiert. Sowohl SFRP4 als auch Wnt3a waren in der Exosomen- und der Mikrovesikelfraktion von DLBCL-Zellen nachweisbar. Die Exosomen waren in der Lage, den kanonischen Wnt-Signalweg an den Zielzellen zu aktivieren und Einfluss auf die Side Population zu nehmen. Insgesamt wurde für SFRP4 erstmalig eine hemmende Wirkung auf das Wachstum von DLBCL-Zellen demonstriert. Weiterführende Studien können adressieren, inwiefern die aufgezeigten Mechanismen der Wachstumsmodulation von DLBCL-Zellen durch SFRP4 in therapeutischen Anwendungen genutzt werden können.
243

Estudo de aplicação de ferramentas numéricas ao problema de ressonância de ondas na operação de alívio lado a lado. / Study of application of numerical tools of the wave resonance problem in side-by-side offocading operation.

Dotta, Raul 30 March 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem numérica com base em ensaios experimentais previamente realizados, direcionada ao problema de ressonância do campo de ondas em operações de alívio lado a lado (side by side). Os efeitos dessas interferências hidrodinâmicas são responsáveis por alterar drasticamente o campo de ondas em regiões de confino, gerando amplificação nos movimentos de primeira ordem e trazendo risco à operação. Este fenômeno está presente em diversas áreas da exploração e produção offshore e vem sendo o principal objeto de estudo nos últimos anos, principalmente em operações de alívio lado a lado, nos quais existe uma grande preocupação de colisão, rompimento dos cabos e integridade estrutural das defensas, devido à proximidade dos cascos. Neste contexto, devido à complexidade do problema, a modelagem numérica utilizada para interpretar o fenômeno de ressonância em softwares comerciais deve ser realizada com cautela, sendo que a utilização direta desta ferramenta gera amplificações equivocadas da superfície ressonante uma vez que esta resolução tem como base a teoria potencial. As diferenças observadas durante a comparação entre ensaios numéricos e experimentais são causadas em virtude da negligência na avaliação da dissipação de parte da energia das ondas ressonantes provocadas devido aos efeitos como viscosidade, vorticidade e turbulência do escoamento. Com o objetivo de analisar corretamente este fenômeno por meio de ensaios numéricos, uma maneira consiste na inclusão de adaptações no modelo para atingir os resultados desejáveis. Estas adaptações consistem na implementação de métodos artificiais, tais como os chamados \"Modos Generalizados\" e \"Praias Numéricas\", aplicados à região entre as embarcações com o intuito de amortecer as elevações irrealistas da superfície. Sendo assim, este trabalho abordará o problema de ressonância de ondas, investigando o desempenho de duas ferramentas numéricas para a sua predição, o WAMIT (Wave Analysis Massachusetts Institute of Technology) e o TDRPM (Time Domain Rankine Painel Method). Os resultados serão comparados com dados obtidos em um conjunto de ensaios em escala reduzida, realizado previamente no laboratório Tanque de Provas Numérico da USP (TPN). Dessa forma, o estudo dos fenômenos de ressonância será discutido, principalmente, em seu aspecto numérico, visando à verificação do desempenho do WAMIT e do TDRPM. / This work presents a numerical study based on previously conducted experimental studies, focused on the problem of resonance of the wave field in operations involving multi-body. The hydrodynamic interferences effects are responsible for drastically changing the wave field in confine regions, generating amplification of first order movements and bringing operational risk. This phenomenon is present in several areas of offshore exploration and production and has been the main object of study in recent years, mainly in side-by-side offloading operations, in which there is a great concern due to the risk of mooring lines breaking, damages to the fenders and also collision. In this context, due to the complexity of the problem, the numerical modeling used to evaluate the resonance phenomenon in commercial software becomes unsuitable, generating erroneous amplifications of the resonant surface since it is based on the potential theory. The differences observed during the comparisons between numerical and experimental tests are caused by negligence in the evaluation of the dissipation of part of the resonant wave energy caused by viscosity, vorticity and flow turbulence effects. In order to correctly analyze this phenomenon through numerical tests, one way is to include adaptations on the model to achieve the desired results. These adaptations consist of the implementation of artificial methods, such as \"Generalized Modes\" and \"Numerical Damping Zones\", applied to the region between the vessels in order to damp the unrealistic elevations of the surface. Thus, this study will approach the problem of gap wave resonance, investigating the performance of two numerical tools for its prediction, WAMIT (Wave Analysis Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and TDRPM (Time Domain Rankin Panel Method). The results will be compared with data obtained from a set of small scale tests previously performed at the Numerical Test Tank of USP laboratory (TPN). Therefore, the study of resonance phenomena will be discussed, mainly, in its numerical aspect, in order to verify the performance of WAMIT and TDRPM.
244

Equilíbrio de força muscular e retardo eletromecânico na articulação do ombro entre atletas de diferentes modalidades esportivas

Minozzo, Felipe January 2017 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o equilíbrio de força muscular e o tempo de retardo eletromecânico na articulação do ombro entre atletas de diferentes modalidades esportivas, os quais utilizam predominantemente rotações internas e externas de ombro durante as suas práticas esportivas. Fizeram parte do estudo 41 sujeitos do sexo masculino, sendo 15 atletas profissionais de Voleibol (24,07 ± 5,13 anos; 91,60 ± 11,67 kg; 198,47 ± 5,90 cm), 14 atletas profissionais de Judô (26,64 ± 7,30 anos; 87,36 ± 15,20 kg; 178,07 ± 6,90 cm) e 12 atletas universitários de Handebol (23,17 ± 4,70 anos; 84,75 ± 13,50 kg; 182,08 ± 6,20 cm). Para a mensuração de força máxima, de diferença contralateral (i.e. lados direito vs. esquerdo) e para o cálculo das razões entre rotação interna e externa de ombro, os participantes realizaram testes de dinamometria isocinética em condições isométricas e isocinéticas. Durante os testes isométricos foi realizada a coleta do sinal eletromiográfico dos músculos peitoral maior e infraespinal, o que possibilitou o cálculo do retardo eletromecânico. Os resultados demonstram que atletas de Judô possuem força isométrica de rotação interna de ombro significativamente (p<0,01) maior quando comparados com atletas de Voleibol e de Handebol. Atletas de Judô apresentam valores de razão agonista/antagonista isométrica de membro direito significativamente (p<0,03) inferiores aos grupos Voleibol e Handebol, bem como significativamente (p<0,01) inferiores ao grupo Voleibol em relação ao membro esquerdo O tempo de retardo eletromecânico apresentou diferenças entre os grupos somente na rotação externa, em que o grupo Voleibol apresentou valores do membro direito significativamente (p<0,01) mais curtos quando comparados com o grupo Handebol e valores de membro esquerdo significativamente (p<0,01) mais curtos quando comparados com os grupos Handebol e Judô. Picos de torque isocinéticos apresentaram diferença somente para rotação interna de membro direito, em que o grupo Judô apresentou valores significativamente (p<0,001) maiores quando comparados com o grupo Voleibol. Já para membro esquerdo, detectou-se diferença significativa (p<0,01) no ângulo de pico de torque de rotação interna de membro esquerdo entre o grupo Judô e Handebol. Os resultados do estudo permitem concluir que a prática de cada modalidade esportiva avaliada neste estudo promoveu adaptação dos músculos do ombro, de acordo com a demanda da modalidade esportiva. Assim, atletas de Judô necessitam realizar reforço dos músculos rotadores externos do ombro, tanto concêntrica quanto excentricamente, visto o desequilíbrio muscular causado pela especificidade da modalidade. Por outro lado, atletas de Voleibol apresentam satisfatório equilíbrio muscular na articulação do ombro por conta de altos níveis de força excêntrica de rotação externa exigidos na prática deste esporte; além disso, os curtos períodos de tempo de retardo eletromecânico apresentados por estes atletas reforçam a constatação de equilíbrio desta articulação. Atletas de Handebol apresentam satisfatório equilíbrio muscular na articulação do ombro, entretanto apresentam valores altos de retardo eletromecânico, sendo indicado que estes atletas realizem reforço de rotação externa de ombro, sobretudo em velocidade elevada, com o objetivo de diminuir o tempo necessário para ativar estes grupos musculares. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the muscular balance and the electromechanical delay time of the shoulder joint between athletes of different sports modalities who use predominantly internal and external rotations of the shoulder. The study consisted of a total of 41 male subjects, of whom 15 were professional Volleyball players (n = 15, 24.07 ± 5.13 years, 91.60 ± 11.67 kg, 198.47 ± 5.90 cm), 14 professional Judo athletes (26.64 ± 7.30 years, 87.36 ± 15.20 kg, 178.07 ± 6.90 cm) and 12 university Handball athletes (23.17 ± 4.70 years, 84.75 ± 13.50 kg, 182.08 ± 6.20 cm). To evaluate peak torque, upper limb side-to-side asymmetry and for the calculation of conventional and functional ratios, all subjects performed isokinetic dynamometry tests under isometric and dynamic conditions. During the isomeric tests, the electromyographic signal was collected from the pectoralis major and infraspinal muscles, which allowed the calculation of the electromechanical delay. The results demonstrate that Judo athletes have internal shoulder rotation isometric strength significantly (p<0.01) higher when compared to Volleyball and Handball athletes. Judo athletes presented isometric agonist/antagonist ratio of right limb significantly (p<0.03) lower than the Volleyball and Handball groups, as well as significantly (p<0.01) lower than the Volleyball group in relation to the left limb. The electromechanical delay time presented differences between the groups only in the external shoulder rotation, which the Volleyball group presented significantly lower values of right limb (p<0.01) when compared to the Handball group and left limb times significantly (p<0.01) shorter when compared with the Handball and Judo groups Dynamic peak torque presented difference only for internal shoulder rotation of the right limb, which the Judo group presented values significantly (p<0.001) higher when compared to the Volleyball group. For the left upper limb, a significant difference (p<0.01) was detected in the peak torque angle of internal shoulder rotation between the Judo and Handball groups. The results of the study allow to considering that the practice of each evaluated sports modalities adapts the shoulder of its athletes in different ways. Judo athletes need to perform external shoulder rotation muscular strengthening, both in concentric and eccentric modes due to muscle imbalance caused by the specificity of the modality. Volleyball athletes have reasonable muscle balance in the shoulder joint due to the high levels of eccentric strength of external rotation, in addition the short time periods of electromechanical delay presented by these athletes reinforce even more the balance of this joint. Handball athletes have reasonable muscle balance in the shoulder joint; however, they presented high values of electromechanical delay, so it is indicated that these athletes need to perform muscular strengthening of external rotation of the shoulder in order to reduce the time required to activate these muscles.
245

Side-by-side in the Land of Giants : a study of space, contact and civility in Belfast

Lepp, Eric January 2018 (has links)
In Northern Ireland, the Good Friday Agreement brought with it a great deal of attention and initiatives to construct and increase intergroup contact and shared spaces in an effort to reconcile divided nationalist/Catholic and unionist/Protestant communities. In the time following this peace agreement, the Belfast Giants ice hockey team was established, and in their 16 years as a team they have become one of the most attended spectator activities in Belfast, trending away from the tribalism, single-space, single-class, and single-gender dynamics of modern sport in Northern Ireland. This thesis research followed the supporters of the Belfast Giants throughout the 2015-2016 ice hockey season to better understand the encounters across historical divisions that are occurring in the Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE) Arena. The research of this PhD thesis is directed by the concepts of social capital, intergroup contact, and civility. These concepts, when placed within the context of divided society, contribute to the thesis' guiding analytical framework, which offers thematic guideposts in areas of prejudice and anxiety, tolerance and trust, space and identity. Influenced by in-depth qualitative research that seeks to access local voices, this research takes the conceptual and analytical guidance into the stands of the SSE Arena. In this way, the unique 'side-by-side' methodology, which involved conducting interviews with the person in the seat to my left or right at Belfast Giants ice hockey games while immersing myself in the supporter community, emerged as not only a contribution to unearthing new voices in this oft-studied region, but also as an innovative contribution to qualitative methodological literatures. Beyond the methodological contribution, this thesis makes two further contributions to existing academic literatures on post-peace agreement relationships. The first of these is through the clear relationship between identity and space that are evident in its findings. Between the poles of conflict and reconciliation are the complex and simple interactions, which when placed in the SSE Arena at a Belfast Giants game illustrate the multi-layered and fluid nature of identity. The thesis finds the hockey arena is a space where a shared identity, 'the hockey family', materialises and includes nationalist and unionist populations. This shared identity is deeply connected to a physical place and activity that are situated outside the all-encompassing nature of division in present-day Belfast. However, within the unusual setting of an ice hockey arena in Northern Ireland there emerges ordinariness in encounter across historical cleavage, and from these mundane interactions comes the final contribution 'side-by-sidedness'. Influenced by supporters' willingness to sit side-by-side those on the opposite side of a historical division who they may not be willing to live beside, this theme is framed as a lightened encounter that challenges assumptions inherent in post-peace agreement settings. The research findings frame the SSE Arena as a site of sanctuary from polarised sectarian identities and activities, as well as a site of resistance from overarching peace agendas that push shared space and seek reconciliation. Side-by-sidedness exists in the everyday between these two poles. In highlighting this space between, this theme challenges the assumptions of 'face-to-faceness' that are inherent across the three concepts informing this thesis and through utilising notions of everyday peace and everyday division to include the relational, the spatial and the metaphorical, this thesis' meta-theme frames a new way of 'getting on with it' in the shadows of conflict.
246

Radikal högerpopulism i Sverige : En kvantitativ undersökning angående Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006

Ruth, Patrick January 2010 (has links)
<p>Den här uppsatsen hade som syfte att undersöka sambandet mellan Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006 och ett antal relevanta variabler utvalda i dialog med tidigare forskning och teoribildning angående väljarmobilisering för radikala högerpopulistiska partier (RHP). Sverigedemokraterna är landets största och mest inflytelserika RHP-parti och bygger sin politik framförallt kring en populistisk anti-etablissemangskritik samt en främlingsfientlighet grundad i den etno-pluralistiska doktrinen.</p><p>Det finns många olika teorier angående väljarmobilisering för RHP-partier. Man har bl.a. menat att lågutbildade okvalificerade individer med små ekonomiska medel är mer benägna att rösta på RHP-partier än högutbildade och förhållandevis välbärgade individer. Arbetslöshet och nivå av invandring har därutöver lyfts fram som betydande förklaringsfaktorer. Yttermera har man menat att RHP-partier gagnas av lågt EU-stöd och höga nivåer av brottslighet inom den politiska enheten. Valdeltagande samt tidigare framgångar för RHP-partier inom den politiska enheten har även ansets ha en inverkan på den potentiella väljarmobiliseringen.</p><p>De oberoende variablerna vilka ingår i undersökningen utgörs av medelinkomst, andel högutbildade, arbetslöshet, brottslighet, andel utrikesfödda invandrare, valdeltagande, tidigare valresultat för Ny demokrati samt andel nejröster i EMU-omröstningen.</p><p>Undersökningen studerar sambandet mellan beroende och oberoende variabler genom linjär OLS multipel regressionsanalys där Sveriges 290 kommuner utgör observationsenheter. Datamaterialet för de olika variablerna är hämtad från statliga myndigheter såsom Statistiska centralbyrån, Brottsförebyggande rådet, Valmyndigheten och Arbetsförmedlingen.</p><p>Undersökningen visar att medelinkomst, andel högutbildade och nivå av brottslighet har ett signifikant samband med Sverigedemokraternas valresultat inom kommunerna, med förväntad korrelationsriktning. Även andel utrikesfödda invandrare uppvisar ett signifikant samband, dock med en oväntad negativ korrelationsriktning. Däremot utgör valdeltagande och Ny demokratis valresultat inga signifikanta samband. Yttermera uppvisa andel nej i EMU-omröstningen ett signifikant samband. Emellertid anses detta vara ett skensamband vilket fångat upp andra faktorer vilka ej ingått i undersökningen.</p>
247

Radikal högerpopulism i Sverige. : En kvantitativ undersökning angående Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006

Ruth, Patrik January 2010 (has links)
<p>Den här uppsatsen hade som syfte att undersöka sambandet mellan Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006 och ett antal relevanta variabler utvalda i dialog med tidigare forskning och teoribildning angående väljarmobilisering för radikala högerpopulistiska partier (RHP). Sverigedemokraterna är landets största och mest inflytelserika RHP-parti och bygger sin politik framförallt kring en populistisk anti-etablissemangskritik samt en främlingsfientlighet grundad i den etno-pluralistiska doktrinen.</p><p>Det finns många olika teorier angående väljarmobilisering för RHP-partier. Man har bl.a. menat att lågutbildade okvalificerade individer med små ekonomiska medel är mer benägna att rösta på RHP-partier än högutbildade och förhållandevis välbärgade individer. Arbetslöshet och nivå av invandring har därutöver lyfts fram som betydande förklaringsfaktorer. Yttermera har man menat att RHP-partier gagnas av lågt EU-stöd och höga nivåer av brottslighet inom den politiska enheten. Valdeltagande samt tidigare framgångar för RHP-partier inom den politiska enheten har även ansets ha en inverkan på den potentiella väljarmobiliseringen.</p><p>De oberoende variablerna vilka ingår i undersökningen utgörs av medelinkomst, andel högutbildade, arbetslöshet, brottslighet, andel utrikesfödda invandrare, valdeltagande, tidigare valresultat för Ny demokrati samt andel nejröster i EMU-omröstningen.</p><p>Undersökningen studerar sambandet mellan beroende och oberoende variabler genom linjär OLS multipel regressionsanalys där Sveriges 290 kommuner utgör observationsenheter. Datamaterialet för de olika variablerna är hämtad från statliga myndigheter såsom Statistiska centralbyrån, Brottsförebyggande rådet, Valmyndigheten och Arbetsförmedlingen.</p><p>Undersökningen visar att medelinkomst, andel högutbildade och nivå av brottslighet har ett signifikant samband med Sverigedemokraternas valresultat inom kommunerna, med förväntad korrelationsriktning. Även andel utrikesfödda invandrare uppvisar ett signifikant samband, dock med en oväntad negativ korrelationsriktning. Däremot utgör valdeltagande och Ny demokratis valresultat inga signifikanta samband. Yttermera uppvisa andel nej i EMU-omröstningen ett signifikant samband. Emellertid anses detta vara ett skensamband vilket fångat upp andra faktorer vilka ej ingått i undersökningen.</p>
248

Radikal högerpopulism i Sverige : En kvantitativ undersökning angående Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006

Ruth, Patrick January 2010 (has links)
Den här uppsatsen hade som syfte att undersöka sambandet mellan Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006 och ett antal relevanta variabler utvalda i dialog med tidigare forskning och teoribildning angående väljarmobilisering för radikala högerpopulistiska partier (RHP). Sverigedemokraterna är landets största och mest inflytelserika RHP-parti och bygger sin politik framförallt kring en populistisk anti-etablissemangskritik samt en främlingsfientlighet grundad i den etno-pluralistiska doktrinen. Det finns många olika teorier angående väljarmobilisering för RHP-partier. Man har bl.a. menat att lågutbildade okvalificerade individer med små ekonomiska medel är mer benägna att rösta på RHP-partier än högutbildade och förhållandevis välbärgade individer. Arbetslöshet och nivå av invandring har därutöver lyfts fram som betydande förklaringsfaktorer. Yttermera har man menat att RHP-partier gagnas av lågt EU-stöd och höga nivåer av brottslighet inom den politiska enheten. Valdeltagande samt tidigare framgångar för RHP-partier inom den politiska enheten har även ansets ha en inverkan på den potentiella väljarmobiliseringen. De oberoende variablerna vilka ingår i undersökningen utgörs av medelinkomst, andel högutbildade, arbetslöshet, brottslighet, andel utrikesfödda invandrare, valdeltagande, tidigare valresultat för Ny demokrati samt andel nejröster i EMU-omröstningen. Undersökningen studerar sambandet mellan beroende och oberoende variabler genom linjär OLS multipel regressionsanalys där Sveriges 290 kommuner utgör observationsenheter. Datamaterialet för de olika variablerna är hämtad från statliga myndigheter såsom Statistiska centralbyrån, Brottsförebyggande rådet, Valmyndigheten och Arbetsförmedlingen. Undersökningen visar att medelinkomst, andel högutbildade och nivå av brottslighet har ett signifikant samband med Sverigedemokraternas valresultat inom kommunerna, med förväntad korrelationsriktning. Även andel utrikesfödda invandrare uppvisar ett signifikant samband, dock med en oväntad negativ korrelationsriktning. Däremot utgör valdeltagande och Ny demokratis valresultat inga signifikanta samband. Yttermera uppvisa andel nej i EMU-omröstningen ett signifikant samband. Emellertid anses detta vara ett skensamband vilket fångat upp andra faktorer vilka ej ingått i undersökningen.
249

Radikal högerpopulism i Sverige. : En kvantitativ undersökning angående Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006

Ruth, Patrik January 2010 (has links)
Den här uppsatsen hade som syfte att undersöka sambandet mellan Sverigedemokraternas valresultat i kommunvalet 2006 och ett antal relevanta variabler utvalda i dialog med tidigare forskning och teoribildning angående väljarmobilisering för radikala högerpopulistiska partier (RHP). Sverigedemokraterna är landets största och mest inflytelserika RHP-parti och bygger sin politik framförallt kring en populistisk anti-etablissemangskritik samt en främlingsfientlighet grundad i den etno-pluralistiska doktrinen. Det finns många olika teorier angående väljarmobilisering för RHP-partier. Man har bl.a. menat att lågutbildade okvalificerade individer med små ekonomiska medel är mer benägna att rösta på RHP-partier än högutbildade och förhållandevis välbärgade individer. Arbetslöshet och nivå av invandring har därutöver lyfts fram som betydande förklaringsfaktorer. Yttermera har man menat att RHP-partier gagnas av lågt EU-stöd och höga nivåer av brottslighet inom den politiska enheten. Valdeltagande samt tidigare framgångar för RHP-partier inom den politiska enheten har även ansets ha en inverkan på den potentiella väljarmobiliseringen. De oberoende variablerna vilka ingår i undersökningen utgörs av medelinkomst, andel högutbildade, arbetslöshet, brottslighet, andel utrikesfödda invandrare, valdeltagande, tidigare valresultat för Ny demokrati samt andel nejröster i EMU-omröstningen. Undersökningen studerar sambandet mellan beroende och oberoende variabler genom linjär OLS multipel regressionsanalys där Sveriges 290 kommuner utgör observationsenheter. Datamaterialet för de olika variablerna är hämtad från statliga myndigheter såsom Statistiska centralbyrån, Brottsförebyggande rådet, Valmyndigheten och Arbetsförmedlingen. Undersökningen visar att medelinkomst, andel högutbildade och nivå av brottslighet har ett signifikant samband med Sverigedemokraternas valresultat inom kommunerna, med förväntad korrelationsriktning. Även andel utrikesfödda invandrare uppvisar ett signifikant samband, dock med en oväntad negativ korrelationsriktning. Däremot utgör valdeltagande och Ny demokratis valresultat inga signifikanta samband. Yttermera uppvisa andel nej i EMU-omröstningen ett signifikant samband. Emellertid anses detta vara ett skensamband vilket fångat upp andra faktorer vilka ej ingått i undersökningen.
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Development of robust building energy demand-side control strategy under uncertainty

Kim, Sean Hay 25 May 2011 (has links)
The potential of carbon emission regulations applied to an individual building will encourage building owners to purchase utility-provided green power or to employ onsite renewable energy generation. As both cases are based on intermittent renewable energy sources, demand side control is a fundamental precondition for maximizing the effectiveness of using renewable energy sources. Such control leads to a reduction in peak demand and/or in energy demand variability, therefore, such reduction in the demand profile eventually enhances the efficiency of an erratic supply of renewable energy. The combined operation of active thermal energy storage and passive building thermal mass has shown substantial improvement in demand-side control performance when compared to current state-of-the-art demand-side control measures. Specifically, "model-based" optimal control for this operation has the potential to significantly increase performance and bring economic advantages. However, due to the uncertainty in certain operating conditions in the field its control effectiveness could be diminished and/or seriously damaged, which results in poor performance. This dissertation pursues improvements of current demand-side controls under uncertainty by proposing a robust supervisory demand-side control strategy that is designed to be immune from uncertainty and perform consistently under uncertain conditions. Uniqueness and superiority of the proposed robust demand-side controls are found as below: a. It is developed based on fundamental studies about uncertainty and a systematic approach to uncertainty analysis. b. It reduces variability of performance under varied conditions, and thus avoids the worst case scenario. c. It is reactive in cases of critical "discrepancies" observed caused by the unpredictable uncertainty that typically scenario uncertainty imposes, and thus it increases control efficiency. This is obtainable by means of i) multi-source composition of weather forecasts including both historical archive and online sources and ii) adaptive Multiple model-based controls (MMC) to mitigate detrimental impacts of varying scenario uncertainties. The proposed robust demand-side control strategy verifies its outstanding demand-side control performance in varied and non-indigenous conditions compared to the existing control strategies including deterministic optimal controls. This result reemphasizes importance of the demand-side control for a building in the global carbon economy. It also demonstrates a capability of risk management of the proposed robust demand-side controls in highly uncertain situations, which eventually attains the maximum benefit in both theoretical and practical perspectives.

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