The Thesis deals with the increase in efficiency of the cutting process. The current state analysis of the knuckle bolt cutting. The choice of the alter-natives of the cutting tips and the iron chip former. The evaluation of the iron chip forming. The change of the path of the finishing cutting tip. Time loss when cutting bolts.

Diploma thesis is focused on the application of PVD coatings for face milling. The theoretical part, systematically, deals with the division of coating methods. PVD method is stressed here. Treatment of material before coating is described as well. The machine, the machine tool and cutting material is described in the experimental section. The aim of the work was comparison of coating exchangeable cutting tips (VBD) to uncoated ones. Based on experiment, it is clear that the use of PVD coatings resulted in reduction of cutting powers and lifetime was increased.

This diploma thesis is aimed on durability of PVD and CVD coatings for symmetrical face milling. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of cemented carbides, milling technology and the characteristics of the coating methods. The experimental part describes the machine tool, used tools, workpiece material and cutting conditions. The aim of the work was to measure the cutting forces and tool wear during the milling. Based on experiment, it is clear that the PVD coatings with nano-layers achieves to the longer life in comparison with others and generally, that the using of coatings leads to reduction of cutting powers and lifetime was increased.

<p>  </p> <p>In this thesis, two optimizations of squealer tip geometries are completed for first stage turbine blades for use in a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine. First, an optimization is performed on a baseline trapezoidal turbine blade and a set of solution geometries is chosen from along the Pareto front. Next, a second optimization is completed on an advanced blade design and the geometries are grouped by performance characteristics and geometric features. The success of similar geometries across these two optimizations is also analyzed and demonstrates consistency of performance increases from tip geometries over the baseline geometry. An analysis of a flat tip geometry in a stationary condition is also performed to begin validation of annular cascades as a method for testing squealer tip geometries. </p>

The diploma thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the production of chrome and cobalt tips for SP-STM with subsequent testing of chrome tips on the Fe-Ir system (111). Furthermore, the first results from the growth studies of niobium on iridium(111) are presented. In the second part is described in detail the experimental LT-STM microscope of the Faculty of Physical Engineering. The chapter deals with the development of the microscope and its testing on a HOPG sample under atmospheric and vacuum conditions. The chapter describes the biggest problems which were solved when the microscope was puting into operation state. The second part also introduces the design of a new vacuum transport system, which consists of a tip and sample transport pallet. At the end of the second part is described the testing of cooling systems for LT-STM and the design of their modifications.

No description available.

O gênero Passiflora é um excelente modelo para estudos de transição de fase, pois há diferenças morfológicas evidentes entre as plantas nas fases juvenil, adulta vegetativa e adulta reprodutiva. Há relatos de que quando se introduzem ápices de plantas adultas de Passiflora edulis, quer estejam na fase vegetativa ou reprodutiva, em condições de cultivo in vitro, observa-se a regressão à fase juvenil. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi caracterizar as modificações morfológicas envolvidas na reversão à juvenilidade de ápices caulinares adultos de P. edulis quando cultivados em meio de cultura sem adição de reguladores de crescimento além de avaliar o efeito de reguladores de crescimento no intuito de evitar a reversão à juvenilidade no cultivo in vitro de P. edulis. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da combinação da técnica da micropropagação in vitro e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, sendo dividido em três experimentos: o cultivo in vitro de ápices caulinares em meio MSM sem reguladores de crescimento e análise de amostras em microscópio eletrônico de varredura, cultivo in vitro de ápices caulinares em meio MSM com reguladores de crescimento e cultivo in vitro de ápices caulinares em meio MSM adicionados com BAP na concentração de 10?M com análises de amostras em microscópio estereoscópico. Através de micrografias eletrônicas e imagens estereoscópicas, foi possível caracterizar as fases do desenvolvimento de P. edulis, demonstrando os caracteres morfológicos assim como a manutenção das estruturas cultivadas in vitro. Não foi possível observar o rejuvenescimento in vitro quando ápices caulinares foram cultivados em meio ½ MS ou MSM sem adição de reguladores de crescimento. O rejuvenescimento de ápices caulinares adultos de P. edulis foi obtido a partir do cultivo em meio MSM com adição de 10?M de BAP. Entretanto, o rejuvenescimento foi parcial, pois nem todas as características foram revertidas. A formação de folhas lanceoladas in vitro e o desenvolvimento de brotos adventícios in vitro caracterizaram a reversão à juvenilidade em P. edulis. O meio MSM suplementado com 10 ?M de BAP foi favorável ao desenvolvimento de gemas axilares, além de facilitar a indução do rejuvenescimento dos ápices caulinares. Logo, a reversão à juvenilidade foi alcançada sob as condições in vitro adotadas / The genus Passiflora is an excellent model for phase transition studies because there are obvious morphological differences between plants in the juvenile, adult vegetative and adult reproductive phases. It has been reported that when introducing shoot tips of adult plants of Passiflora edulis, whether in the vegetative or reproductive phase, under in vitro culture conditions, regression to the juvenile phase is observed. The general objective of this work was to characterize the morphological changes involved in the reversion to juvenility of adult shoot tips of P. edulis when grown in culture medium without addition of growth regulators in addition to evaluating the effect of growth regulators in order to avoid reversion to juvenility in the in vitro cultivation of P. edulis. The work was developed from the combination of in vitro micropropagation and scanning electron microscopy, and was divided in three experiments: in vitro culture of shoot tips in MSM medium without growth regulators and analysis of samples in scanning electron microscope; in vitro culture of shoot tips in MSM medium with growth regulators and in vitro culture of shoot tips in MSM medium added with BAP at the concentration of 10?M and analysis of samples under a stereoscopic microscope. Through electronic micrographs and stereoscopic images, it was possible characterize the phases of the development of P. edulis, demonstrating the morphological traits as well as the maintenance of the structures cultivated in vitro. In vitro rejuvenation could not be observed when shoot tips were grown in ½ MS or MSM medium without addition of growth regulators. The rejuvenation of P. edulis adult shoot tips was obtained from the cultivation in MSM medium with the addition of 10?M BA. However, the rejuvenation was partial, since not all the characteristics were reversed. The formation of in vitro lanceolated leaves and the development of in vitro adventitious shoots characterized the reversion to juvenility in P. edulis. The MSM medium supplemented with 10?M BA was favorable to the development of axillary buds, in addition to facilitating the induction of the rejuvenation of the shoot tips. Therefore, the reversion to juvenility was achieved under the in vitro conditions adopted

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Citronella of Java (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) is an aromatical plant with large usage in the manufacture of mosquito repellents because it contains essential oil rich in citronelal. The application of tissue culture on a large scale in medicinal plants production has increased significantly, since the conventional methods of propagation limit the potential use of some plants. Due that, one citronella of Java protocol was established with the objective of getting an alternative technique for the propagation of that culture. Four experiments ware conducted to evaluate the asepsis time, the explant type, the effect of vegetal regulators on the "in vitro" propagation of citronella of Java, as well as the micro-propagated seedling acclimatization. The gotten results had disclosed that the use of sodium hypochlorite (0.5%) during 30 minutes promoted a satisfactory asepsis index. The shoot tips explants type showed greater potential for the ?in vitro? development. It was verified that the use of benzilaminapurine (BAP) cytokynin is indispensable to succeed in the citronella of Java "in vitro" establishment, being able to be used in the concentration of 2.0 mg L-1. However, the use of indolbutyric acid (IBA) in the different tested concentrations did not present any results that justify its use, neither in the citronella of Java multiplication nor in the root establishment. The root establishment was evidenced when micro-propagated seedlings had been inoculated only in MS culture medium. It was verified that the check (without vegetal regulator) had a direct organogenesis, while such event was not verified in the other treatments. In the micro-propagated seedling acclimatization it was verified that the use of the floating method, it was essential for the seedlings survival, resulting in high survival index / A citronela de Java (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) é uma planta aromática muito utilizada na fabricação de repelentes contra mosquitos por conter óleo essencial rico em citronelal. A utilização da cultura de tecidos, como forma de propagação de plantas medicinais tem aumentado significativamente, pois os métodos convencionais de propagação limitam o potencial de uso de algumas plantas. Sendo assim, um protocolo regenerativo para a citronela de Java foi estabelecido com o objetivo de se obter uma técnica alternativa para a propagação dessa cultura. Para isso foram realizados quatro experimentos envolvendo a avaliação do tempo de assepsia, do tipo de explante, do efeito de reguladores vegetais na propagação in vitro da citronela de Java, bem como a aclimatação das plântulas micropropagadas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a utilização do hipoclorito de sódio (0,5%) por 30 minutos promoveu índice satisfatório de assepsia. Os explantes com maior potencial ao desenvolvimento in vitro foram os ápices caulinares. Verificou-se que o emprego da citocinina benzilaminopurina (BAP) é indispensável para o sucesso do estabelecimento in vitro da citronela de Java, podendo ser utilizado na concentração de 2,0 mg L-1. No entanto, a utilização do ácido indolbutírico (IBA) nas diferentes concentrações testadas não apresentou resultados que justifique seu emprego, tanto na multiplicação quanto no enraizamento das plântulas de citronela de Java. O enraizamento foi evidenciado quando as plântulas micropropagadas foram inoculadas somente em meio de cultura MS. Foi constatado que na testemunha (sem regulador vegetal) houve uma organogênese direta, não sendo verificada nos demais tratamentos. Na aclimatação das plântulas micropropagadas verificou-se que a utilização do método floating , foi fundamental para a sobrevivência das plântulas, tendo sido observado alto índice de sobrevivência

Este trabajo fue realizado para cubrir una necesidad que hoy en día tiene mucha importancia en las personas, el cual es tener un mejor estilo de vida mediante una buena ingesta de comida saludable. Para ello, se identificó, mediante una investigación hecha a un grupo de personas interesadas en estos cambios, que habían dos inconvenientes muy puntuales para que puedan vivir con este nuevo proceso y cambios en sus vidas. Se trata del factor tiempo para poder prepararse el tipo de comida que hoy en día necesitarían para mejorar su estilo de vida y el conocimiento sobre ello para saber adecuadamente las porciones e ingredientes que deberían considerar. A raíz de ese hallazgo es que vimos una oportunidad de hacer un modelo de negocio que cubra con cada punto hallado en la investigación con la finalidad de entregar un servicio que cubra la necesidad de estas personas. Por ello, creamos NUTRIVA, un modelo de negocio sofisticado el cual consiste en brindar un servicio de delivery de comida saludable mediante paquetes mensuales por medio un aplicativo móvil muy sofisticado que servirá para brindarte consejos de alimentación, planes alimenticios diarios, monitoreo y seguimiento de tu desempeño, entre muchas otras asesorías con relación a comer saludable y estar informado sobre todo lo que se debe saber para estar en forma mediante un equipo de nutricionistas. / This project was done to cover a need that today is very important in people, which is to have a better lifestyle through a good intake of healthy food. To do this, it was identified, through an investigation made to a group of people interested in these changes, that there were two very specific inconveniences so that they could live with this new process and changes in their lives. It is about the time factor to be able to prepare the type of food that today they would need to improve their lifestyle and the knowledge about it to know adequately the portions and ingredients that they should consider. Following this finding is that we saw an opportunity to make a business model that covers each point found in the investigation in order to deliver a service that meets the need of these people. Therefore, we created NUTRIVA, a sophisticated business model which consists of providing a healthy food delivery service through monthly packages through a highly sophisticated mobile application that will serve to provide you with food tips, daily food plans, monitoring and tracking of your performance, among many other advice regarding healthy eating and being informed about everything you need to know to be fit, through a team of nutritionists. / Trabajo de investigación

Inflation expectations have been of great interest to economists because they predict how agents in an economy set prices and react to changes in various macroeconomic variables. The existence of Keynesian liquidity traps in Japan and the United States have helped emphasize the importance of inflation expectations, especially when monetary policy is rendered ineffective and there is almost perfect substitutability between money and bonds due to the zero bound condition of interest rates. Given the canonical theories of rational and adaptive expectations, this paper will use a simple model of the economy to measure the effect of various macroeconomic variables on the formation of inflation expectations. It will test to see how consumers, economists and the market measure and forecast inflation both in the short and in the long run.