Orientador: Anita Liberalesso Neri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:05:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_LigianeAntonietaMartins_M.pdf: 1177119 bytes, checksum: 8f2f5824f4723126b4e906e33d5aabd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A manutenção de atividades avançadas de vida diária de natureza social, de lazer, cultural, organizacional e política é indicadora de motivação para relações sociais, integração social e produtividade, elementos que integram o conceito de velhice bem sucedida. Objetivo: Analisar relações entre envolvimento social e suporte social percebidos em idosos comunitários, considerando as variáveis gênero, idade, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico da localidade de residência. Método: 1.451 idosos sem déficit cognitivo sugestivo de demência, integrantes de amostras probabilísticas de um estudo multicêntrico sobre fragilidade realizado em quatro localidades com níveis socioeconômicos contrastantes foram entrevistados sobre seu envolvimento em atividades avançadas de vida diária, suporte social percebido e características sociodemográficas. Resultados: 65,5% dos idosos eram mulheres e 69,7% tinham entre 65 e 74 anos. A média de idade foi 72,2 + 5,4 e a média de anos escolaridade, 4,23 + 3,8. As atividades avançadas de vida diária desempenhadas com maior frequência foram ir à igreja, fazer viagens curtas e ir a reuniões sociais; as interrompidas por mais idosos foram realizar trabalho remunerado, fazer viagens longas e ir a eventos culturais. O envolvimento social foi maior entre as mulheres, os idosos mais jovens, os com nível mais alto de escolaridade e os residentes nas localidades economicamente mais desenvolvidas. Foram observadas correlações positivas e significativas entre envolvimento social e suporte social percebido e correlações negativas entre envolvimento social e idade. Conclusões: Os dados são compatíveis com os de outras pesquisas realizadas em outros países. Contribuem para a compreensão das relações entre a sociabilidade e as atividades sociais complexas em idosos são úteis para a teoria e a intervenção / Abstract: The continuity of social, cultural, leisure, organizational and political advanced activities of daily living indicates motivation for social relationships, social integration and productivity, key elements that integrate the concept of successful aging. Objectives: This study was aimed at analyzing relationships between social participation and perceived social support in community-dwelling elderly, according gender, age, educational level and socioeconomic level of the locality of residence. Method: 1.451 participants without cognitive deficit suggestive of dementia from randomized samples of four localities with contrasting socioeconomic levels were interviewed about their involvement in social, organizational, cultural, leisure and political advanced activities of daily living; perceived social support and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: 65,5% were women; 69,7% were 65 to 74 years old (M = 72,2 + 5,4), and 52% had 1 to 4 years of schooling (M=4,23 + 3,8). The most performed advanced activities of daily living were going to church, making short trips and participation in social meetings; the most interrupted were performing paid work, making long trips and participation in cultural events. Social participation was higher among women, the youngest, those with higher educational level and those that have lived in the localities with higher socioeconomic conditions. Social participation was positive and significantly correlated with perceived social support and educational level and was negatively correlated with age. Conclusion: The results are similar to others from research from other countries. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationships between sociability and complex social activities in old age, which are useful for theory and intervention / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestra em Gerontologia

Objectives: Several risk and protective factors are associated with changes in cognitive functioning in aging adults - including physical health, depression, physical activity, and social activities - though the findings for participation in social activities are mixed. This study investigated the longitudinal association between social participation and two domains of cognitive functioning, memory and executive function. A primary goal of our analyses was to determine whether social participation predicted cognitive functioning over-and-above physical health, depression, and physical activity in a sample with adequate power to detect unique effects. Method: The sample included aging adults (N = 19,832) who participated in a large, multi-national study and provided data across six years; split into two random subsamples. Unique associations between the predictors of interest and cognitive functioning over time and within occasion were assessed in a latent curve growth model. Results: Social participation predicted both domains of cognitive functioning at each occasion, and the relative magnitude of this effect was comparable to physical health, depression, and physical activity level. In addition, social participation at the first time point predicted change in cognitive functioning over time. The substantive results in the initial sample were replicated in the second independent subsample. Conclusion: Overall, the magnitude of the association of social participation is comparable to other well-established predictors of cognitive functioning, providing evidence that social participation plays an important role in cognitive functioning and successful aging.

M.A. (Public Management and Governance) / This dissertation focused on the variables that influence civil society participation in selected African countries. This dissertation dealt inter alia with the conceptual and contextual variables of civil society participation in general and civil society organisations’ participation in particular. The aim was to determine what should be included in this process to make it efficient within a Third World context or a new developing democracy. A general descriptive, qualitative and interpretive approach was followed in terms of civil participation in Africa. Specific case studies – Burkina-Faso, Tanzania and Zimbabwe – were identified to highlight the observations. The main study objectives entailed a conceptual description and an explanation of the participation related concepts, phenomena, and processes that influence civil society participation in Africa. Notably, this was done by undertaking a detailed literature study. The dissertation also provided a specific level of understanding of the nature of the variables that influence civil society participation in selected African countries. The aim was to gain a better understanding of the nature and problems of participative democratic governance in African states. The study focused on the nature and forms of civil society participation on a local level and communal structures in African countries in general. Specific focus was placed on Burkina-Faso, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. From this perspective this study addressed the question of civil society, forms of political participation, as well as the social processes developing in Africa. The study perceived the notions of ‘civil society’ and ‘political participation’ with an empirical approach and used the term ‘civil society’ in the positive sense. Thus, civil society included the associated movements and the individual entities that participate in exercising social control over the political class, without formally or exclusively belonging to it. It was found that exercising social control in Africa is a cultural phenomenon, which is varied and dynamic with regard to its content and forms. Criticism, allocating prestige or shame, coercion or the use of violence, free expression and explicit manifestations of approval or disapproval are equal modalities in exercising this social control in Africa as a form of political participation. Notably, this corresponds to the ‘national’ and the ‘local’ levels of governance.

Mining companies operating in developing countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have come under increasing public criticism for not only failing to bring benefits to the country in which they operate but for often making the situation even worse through adverse environmental and social impacts. The particular focus of this treatise is the social division that a new mining project can generate between the operating company and the community living on or near to the mine site. In one area in north-eastern DRC, a large multinational mining company, AngloGold Ashanti, plans to develop a gold mine. While there have been no manifest conflicts between the company and the host community, there is evident latent conflict in the form of uncertainty and mistrust between parties. Although the company is engaged in two different models of companycommunity participation, this has either resulted in or failed to prevent tensions between the company and the local community. This research offers an exploration and discussion of the existing models of company-community participation as a conflict management strategy. With reference to relevant research and literature, as well as other available models for company-community participation, this treatise will provide a series of recommendations as to how the existing models could be made more effective in managing conflict.

Orientador: Cristiana Simão Seixas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:59:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_LucianaGomesde1970-_D.pdf: 2786103 bytes, checksum: dc55f738a90ecb9389fdab07cece72e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo :Esta tese trata da análise institucional da pesca artesanal de Paraty, baseada na abordagem da cogestão de recursos naturais de uso comum. Os objetivos da tese incluem: (i) análise da legislação que influencia a pesca artesanal em Paraty; (ii) análise de stakeholders da pesca artesanal de Paraty com enfoque nas interações entre governo e pescadores, oportunidades de parcerias e relações de poder; (iii) análise da proposta de implantação dos Acordos de Pesca da Baía da Ilha Grande, com base em fatores que orientam sistemas de cogestão e; (iv) avaliação da participação de pescadores e representantes de organizações comunitárias de Trindade em dois Conselhos Consultivos de Áreas Protegidas em Paraty. Os resultados mostram que o sistema institucional que influencia a gestão da pesca é complexo, incluindo legislações de pesca, de Unidades de Conservação e de populações tradicionais. Esse sistema inclui espaços institucionalizados que permitem a construção de diálogos para a gestão colaborativa da pesca, como os Conselhos Gestores de Unidades de Conservação. A atual gestão da pesca artesanal está baseada em um sistema centralizado por stakeholders do governo federal ¿ MPA, ICMBio e IBAMA. As arenas socias da pesca são protagonizadas por esses stakeholders e pescadores, que têm pouco poder de influência sobre a gestão. As parcerias e lideranças existentes estão representadas por organizações não governamentais e pelo poder legislativo municipal, no entanto há a necessidade de desenvolvimento de organizações-ponte e redes de trabalho. A proposição dos Acordos de Pesca da Baía da Ilha Grande não teve continuidade após 2012, mas deixou lições como o desafio de envolver os pescadores, a criação de arenas deliberativas para a pesca e o planejamento de processos de cogestão a longo prazo. Os Conselhos Gestores de Unidades de Conservação são importantes espaços de negociação do tema da pesca, mas com inúmeros desafios à participação efetiva das representações da pesca e das comunidades tradicionais, em tomada de decisões. O desenvolvimento de processos mais participativos na gestão da pesca de Paraty requer que os direitos de acesso aos territórios de pesca pelos pescadores artesanais sejam claramente definidos e garantidos por instituições formais. Diversas ações são necessárias para transformar o atual modelo centralizado de gestão da pesca em processos colaborativos de gestão, entre elas o apoio e compromisso das agências do governo (municipal, estadual e federal) envolvidas com a pesca, a capacitação para a cogestão e o fortalecimento de lideranças e organizações locais que representam os interesses da pesca artesanal. / Abstract: This thesis is about the institutional analysis of small scale fisheries in Paraty, based on commons co-management approach. The objectives of the thesis include the analysis of: (i) the legislation concerning small scale fisheries; (ii) stakeholders, focusing on the interactions between government and fishers, partnerships opportunities and power relations; (iii) the implementation of the Fishing Agreements of Ilha Grande Bay, based on factors that guide co-management systems and; (iv) the participation of fishers and community-based organizations representatives in two Advisory Councils of Protected Areas. Results show that the institutional system which influences fisheries management is complex, including institutions regarding fisheries, protected areas and traditional people. This system includes institutionalized arenas which allow negotiations for collaborative management, such as the Advisory Councils of Protected Areas. The current management of small scale fisheries is centralized by federal government represented by the Fisheries Ministry and the two federal Environmental Agencies ¿ ICMBio and IBAMA. The existing partnerships and leaderships are represented by non-governmental organizations and by the municipal legislative power, however, there is a need for the development of bridging organizations and networks. The proposition of the Fishing Agreements of Ilha Grande Bay did not have a continuation after 2012, but has left lessons such as the challenge for fishers¿ involvement, the establishment of deliberative arenas and the planning of co-management processes in the long run. The Advisory Councils of Protected Areas are important arenas for fisheries negotiation, although they are faced by many challenges to achieve the effective participation of fisheries representatives and traditional communities in decision making. The development of more participative processes linked to fisheries management in Paraty requires that the rights to fishing territories by the artisanal fishers are clearly defined and guaranteed by formal institutions. Several actions will be necessary to transform the current centralized management system in collaborative management processes, among which the support and commitment of the governmental agencies (municipal, state and federal) related to fisheries, capacity building for co-management and strengthening of local leaderships and organizations which represent the interests of small scale fisheries / Doutorado / Aspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e Conservação / Doutora em Ambiente e Sociedade

Background: Working-age adults with aphasia experience difficulties in social participation, specifically the ability to fulfil social roles and reintegrate into communities. Literature regarding social participation of people with aphasia (PWA) is predominantly based on high income countries limiting generalizability of findings. Investigation of PWA’s perspectives on social participation in lower-middle-income countries such as South Africa is warranted. Objective: To describe the perspectives of working-age adults with aphasia regarding social participation within the first two years post-incident. Method: Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain the perspectives of 10 working-age adults (mild to moderate aphasia), using pictorial and written supports, and supported conversation techniques. Data were coded and thematically analysed to identify common themes amongst participants’ perspectives of social participation. Results: Five main themes and two sub-themes were identified. Participants’ perspectives of social participation align with previous qualitative studies regarding perspectives of working-age adults with aphasia, specifically their preference for re-engagement in meaningful activities. Participants described preference for specific 2 communication partners, specifically close friends and family. Reduced social participation was apparent due to difficulties in returning to work. The rehabilitation process was identified as an area of social engagement, specifically participants’ relationships with their speech-language therapist. Faith-related activities were the primary contexts that involved other community members. Conclusion: Successful social participation was dependent on the perceived value and the supportive nature of social activities rather than the quantity of activities. Rehabilitation should facilitate and optimise PWA’s communicative functioning within valued areas of social participation, enhancing person-centred care. Keywords: Social participation; aphasia; mild-moderate aphasia; stroke; lower-middle-income countries; working-age adults; A-FROM; ICF; speech-language therapy; person-centred care. / Dissertation (MA) University of Pretoria 2020. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA (Speech-language pathology) / Unrestricted

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Background: A previous systematic review found limited data regarding social participation in working-age people with aphasia (PWA). This population has many roles to fulfill, that are negatively affected by aphasia. A review of recent studies may reveal more information on the challenges in re-establishing social roles and thus may inform treatment thereof. Method: The aim was to provide an updated systematic review on social participation in PWA under 65 years of age. Studies from 2005-2017 were searched from Scopus, Pubmed and Psychinfo. Search terms were derived from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the Aphasia- Framework for Outcomes Measures (A-FROM). Aspects of domestic life, interpersonal relations and interactions, education and employment and community, civic and social life were investigated. Results: From 2,864 initial hits, 11 studies were identified, all of which were on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Level III of evidence. The studies indicated that participation in domestic life is reduced and PWA showed reduced social networks, loss of friendships and changes in the quality of marital relations. Few PWA returned to work or spent time on education. Limitations in community, civic and social life were noted and there were contradictory findings on the impact of contextual factors on social participation. There was an increase in research into contextual factors impacting on social participation in PWA and in the use of conceptual frameworks in the last decade. Conclusions: Social participation in working-age adults is limited across the social domains. While the ICF conceptual framework is increasingly used, no studies used the A-FROM. There is greater use of standardised assessments and larger sample sizes. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA / Unrestricted

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Loneliness affects Black older adults (BOAs) in different and debilitating ways. BOAs aged 65 years and above make up 7.3% of the Black population and 15.9% of the total population of those aged 65 years and above in Canada. Also, the population of BOAs in Canada has doubled within the last two decades, highlighting the need to understand the unique experience of aging of this population, including their experiences of loneliness and social participation. Contrarily, there exist notable gaps within the loneliness literature on the experience of loneliness and social participation among BOAs living in Canada. This doctoral dissertation addresses these knowledge gaps by providing insight into the factors influencing social and emotional loneliness and lack of social participation among BOAs and proffers ways to address the issues, expressly informing future research, services, and programs targeting this group. This dissertation is comprised of four papers. Paper 1 is a scoping review of 27 articles that reveal the dearth of empirical evidence on the experience of loneliness or subjective social isolation and the contributing factors among BOAs in Canada. The data used for the remaining three papers were collected through 25 narrative interviewing conducted with 13 BOAs living in Hamilton and Windsor, Ontario. Findings from this paper shows that in addition to unavailability of social provisions (relational gains), loneliness among BOAs is exacerbated by socio-economic factors, health-related factors and behaviours, and technology, media device possession and usage. The results also indicate that there is need for inclusion of BOAs in loneliness research in Canada. Following Paper 1, Paper 2 investigates the unique experience of loneliness among BOAs living in Canada and the suitability of the social provision framework in identifying and understanding the experience of loneliness among this group. Findings from this paper demonstrates the significance of social connection, reliable relationships and relational gains in reducing and increasing experience of loneliness among BOAs. Paper 3 analyzes the constellation of factors that contribute to loneliness among BOAs and how they cope with their experience of loneliness. The results from this paper highlight the complex overlapping factors that contribute to the experience of loneliness among BOAs including time, sense of place and belonging, weak socio-personal interaction, and level of exclusions. Paper 4 and final paper uncovers the micro and macro level factors that hinder BOAs from participating in social programs and services and suggests ways to improve their social participation. Specifically, findings from this paper uncovers the need for programs and services that are culturally diverse and sensitive to the unmet needs of racialized and minoritized groups. Collectively, the four papers contribute to knowledge on the experience of loneliness among BOAs and contributory factors and highlight the need for more inclusive research and practice on addressing loneliness among this group. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This research aims to understand how loneliness affects Black older adults (BOAs) living in Canada and how to reduce their loneliness. This is a group that is not usually included in the loneliness literature. The dissertation is organized into six chapters comprising of the introduction, four papers and the conclusion. Paper One analyzes 27 articles describing the factors that contribute to loneliness among Black older adults globally. The 27 papers reveal while loneliness is devastating for BOAs, studies that have examined the experience of loneliness among BOAs in Canada is very scanty. Paper Two, Three and Four all report results from narrative interviews conducted with 13 Black older adults living in Windsor and Hamilton, Ontario. Paper Two explores the unique experience of loneliness among BOAs. Paper Three analyzes the influence of time, place and interaction as factors that contribute to the experience of loneliness among Black older adults and their coping strategies. The final paper explores the significant factors that hinder BOAs from participating in social programs and services and ways to improve their participation. Generally, the results of these papers provide important insights into the ways to address loneliness and the lack of social participation among BOAs. The results show that programs and services targeting loneliness in Ontario need to be made more culturally sensitive and representational of minoritized groups. Lastly, it highlights the need for the inclusion of BOAs in loneliness research among older adults in Canada.