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Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Kutztown State College, 1964. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2795. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [87]-89)

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1979. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2794.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1978. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2795.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: M. Beth Gillham. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Humberto Santo Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T21:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luz_DjaniraAparecidada_M.pdf: 10076168 bytes, checksum: bfb65835c1fee9b7b2746e42965e9c75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Seguindo-se a secção ou esmagamento de um nervo periférico, a porção distal à lesão sofre degeneração. Havendo condições apropriadas ocorre regeneração axonal e as fibras musculares são reinervadas pelos axônios regenerados. Em anfíbios, está estabelecido que cerca de 95% das fibras musculares são reinervadas em seus antigos sítios neuromusculares. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que mo!éculas que compõem a lâmina basal da fibra muscular, no nível da junção neuromuscular, são fatores trópicos decisivos para essa seletividade. Contudo, o quanto areinervação em mam íferos ocorre com a mesma precisão ainda não foi efetivamente demonstrado. o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o quanto a membrana basal juncional influencia na redistribuição topográfica das junções neuromusculares em fibras musculares regeneradas. Para isto, realizamos autotransplantes cruzados livres entre os músculos sóleo e extensor longo dos dedos, não aquecidos e aquecidos. Os animais foram sacrificados, no período entre 95 e 130 dias após a cirurgia. Os músculos retirados foram imediatamente fixados em solução de Karnovsky e após a fixação, os sítios colinérgicos foram marcados com técnica histoquímica e a redistribuição das junções neuromusculares analisadas ao microscópio de luz. Em seguida, estes músculos foram lavados e seccionados transversalmente para técnica histológica. Nossos resultados demonstram que durante a reinervação muscular, os axônios em regeneração ocuparam especialmente os sítios sinápticos originais, sugerindo que os componentes associados à membrana basal juncional promovam a diferenciação e o crescimento dos terminais motores na direção dos antigos sítios sinápticos / Abstract: After the section or crushing of a peripheral nerve the distal portion to the lesion degenerates. When there are adequate conditions axonal regeneration occurs and the muscle fibers are reinnervated by the regenerated axons. In amphibians it is said that 95% of the muscle fibers are reinnervated in their neuromuscular sites. Many studies have demonstrated that molecules of the synaptic basal lamina play a central role for this selectivity. Neverthless whether the reinnervation in mammals occurs with the same accuracy has not effectively been demonstrated. The aim of the present was to study in Wistar rat how the integrity of junctional basal lamina influences the topographic redistribution of new neuromuscular junctions in reinnervated muscle fibers. For this we made crossed autotransplant between the soleus and extensor digitorium longus rat muscles, not heated and pre-heated which show neuromuscular junctions distributed in different places and for having been taken from its original beds the muscles were denervated. The animais were sacrificed 130 days after the surgery. The muscles which have been taken out were immediately fixed in Karnovsky's solution and after fixing the colinergic sites were marked with histochemistry technic and the redistribution of the neuromuscular junction was analysed in the light microscope. After, this muscles was washed, fixed and sections for histological technique.Our results demonstrated that during the muscular reinervation the axons grow occupy precisely at the original synaptic sites, supposed that components associated with the junctional basal lamina play role in the differentiation and the development of motors terminais in the direction at original synaptic sites / Mestrado / Anatomia / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientadores: Luis Alberto Magna, JoseVassallo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T08:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_GlauceAparecida_D.pdf: 3250801 bytes, checksum: 078ddc449368d1dcaea6fc10791d0de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: A integridade da Membrana Basal (MB) está comprometida no processo de evolução de uma lesão benigna ou potencialmente maligna para uma lesão maligna, onde ela pode sofrer graus variados de descontinuidade como condição necessária ao processo de invasão. A imunocoloração para colágeno IV, componente encontrado exclusivamente na MB, tem sido utilizada para avaliar os padrões de apresentação da mesma em neoplasias e lesões benignas de vários órgãos. Com o objetivo de avaliar o padrão de continuidade da MB em Carcinomas "In Situ" (CIS), Microinvasivos (CMI) e Epidermóides Francamente Invasores (CEI) do colo uterino, bem como o de verificar o possível auxílio de tal expressão no diagnóstico de invasão inicial do estroma (CMI), realizou-se aqui um estudo retrospectivo em casos diagnosticados no Departamento de Anatomia Patológica da UNICAMP entre 1988 a 1993. Os casos selecionados, previamente fixados e incluídos em parafina, foram revistos (hematoxilina-eosina) e posteriormente submetidos a estudo imuno-histoquímico pelo método da avidina-biotina-peroxidase com anticorpo monoclonal produzido em camundongo anticolágeno IV (Dakopatts). Os cortes histológicos foram previamente submetidos à digestão por pepsina durante 2 horas a 37°C. Ao final da seleção foram avaliados 20 casos de CIS, 15 de CMI e 24 de CEI. Os casos de CEI mostraram evidente descontinuidade, em grau pequeno ou grande da MB (23/24 casos), mostrando apenas um caso com MB contínua e íntegra. Embora não houvesse significância estatística no padrão de continuidade da MB entre casos de CIS e CMI, houve nítida tendência destes a apresentarem pequenas interrupções (sete de 15 .casos de CMI contra apenas três de 20 casos de CIS). O infiltrado inflamatório, variável também analisada, não deveria ser responsabilizado pelas áreas de descontinuidade da MB, uma vez que não houve correlação estatística entre elas. Em 15 dos 59 casos estudados houve algum grau de discordância, quer à revisão da mortologia ou após avaliação da imunocoloração. Estes casos foram submetidos a um segundo Revisor, sendo que em oito casos a imunocoloração foi importante na decisão diagnóstica. Em outros cinco, porém, a imunocoloração mostrouse falha, pois o processo patológico analisado havia sido desbastado do bloco de parafina. Os resultados do presente trabalho sobre o padrão de continuidade da MB são compatíveis com os dados da literatura. Concluiuse que a imunocoloração para colágeno IV pode ajudar o diagnóstico de invasão inicial do estroma (CMI), contudo, a avaliação deve ser criteriosa e feita em conjunto com os dados de mortologia clássica / Abstract: Basement membrane (BM) integrity is altered when a benign or potentially malignant process changes into malignancy. In this process, it may undergo varying degress of discontinuity, as a prerequisite to tissue invasion. Immunostaining for collagen IV, present in BM solely, has been used to evaluate patterns of BM integrity in neoplasic and benign processes in severa I organs. A survey was performed, within cases diagnosed as cervix in situ (ISC), microinvasive (MIC) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), at the Department of Pathology, State University of Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil), from 1988 t9 1993. Our purpose was to evaluate the pattern of continuity of BM amongst these cases, and to verify in which extent it could be helpful in the diagnosis of beginning stroma invasion (MIC). Specimens had been previously formalin fixed, paraffin embedded. Standard stains (H&E) were reviewed and selected blocks were submitted to immunohístochemical processlng, uSlng an avid i n-biotin-peroxi dase technique, with a mouse monoclonal anti-collagen IV antibody (Dakop,atts). Histological sections were previously treated with pepsin, in a two hour incubation period at 37°C. At the end of selection, 20 cases of ISC, 15 MIC and 24 SCC were studied. SCC cases showed evident BM disruption, one case only showing BM linear and continuous. Although no statistical difference could be demonstrated in BM pattern of integríty among ISC and MIC cases, there was a clear tendency of MIC to show small areas of discontinuity (7/15 MIC compared to 3/20 ISC). Presence of inflamatory infiltration did not seem to be responsible for BM discontinuity, because these two variables were not statistically associated. In 15 of the 59 cases studied there was some degree of diagnosis disagreement, either in reviewing H&E, ar after immunohistochemistry. These cases were submitted to a second examiner and in 8 of them immunohistochemistry was an important toei for final diagnosis. In further 5 cases, however, immunohistochemístry failed to demonstrate the lesíon, due to wasting off the paraffin blocks. Our results on pattern of BM continuity in cervix cancer are in agreement with others previously reported. We then conclude that immunohistochemistry for collagen IV may be a helpful tool for diagnosis of beginning stroma invasion (MIC), but evaluatíon must be carefully performed together with traditional morphologica l data (H & E) / Doutorado / Doutor em Anatomia Patologica

Basal reinforcement, where high tensile geogrids are employed beneath structures, is becoming an increasingly accepted construction technique along the eastern coast of southern Africa. The presence of compressible, soft, thin and shallow clay horizons usually associated with complex estuarine or lagoonal deposits are a major consideration when using basal reinforcement as a founding technique. Basal reinforcement involves the use of high tensile strength geogrids beneath a structure to form a reinforced sand foundation. Deformation behaviour under loading is an important component of stability analysis of earth structures. If reinforcement is used, the mechanisms become altered. Geotechnical centrifuge modelling is a unique physical modelling technique, as it allows replication of in situ stresses, which is most important because soil behaviour is a function of stress. This is achieved by placing the model at the end of the centrifuge arm, and subjecting it to an increased gravitational field, which creates the correct stress distribution in the model. Centrifuge modelling provides an appropriate technique to observe the behaviour of compressible, soft, thin and shallow clay horizons when basal reinforcement is utilized. An appropriate centrifuge model was constructed and compared the behaviour of the clay horizon under unreinforced and reinforced conditions. Reinforcement configurations were adjusted to observe the influence of additional geogrid layers, and extension of the width of the reinforcement. It was found that deformation behaviour is distinctly different between unreinforced and reinforced tests. Vertical deformation in the unreinforced test localised to the region directly beneath the platform, with little lateral disturbance to the clay horizon beyond the platform edge. As such, the sand directly beneath the platform acts as a deeper rigid platform. The deformation behaviour of the clay horizon changes with the inclusion of reinforcement. When reinforcement is included a wider portion of clay is deformed. The lateral width of this deformation zone is controlled by the width of the reinforcement, as the applied load is spread. A ‘wide-slab’ effect is evident with an increase in the geogrid width, as the tensioned membrane-effect is mobilised to increase the capacity of the reinforced foundation sand. This results in a wider portion of the clay deforming. Addition of geogrid reinforcement to the sand foundation under a wide platform load enhances deformation of the clay, but has the advantage of an increased load-bearing capacity of the system. Furthermore, the addition of multiple layers of reinforcement contributes to this increase in load-bearing capacity. Additionally, increasing the installation width of the reinforcement contributes to an increased vertical load-bearing capacity. However, this resultant increase is only mobilised after a certain amount of vertical displacement. This is likely due to the reinforcement requiring a certain amount of vertical displacement to mobilise tension in order to support the applied load. The behaviour of a thin compressible clay horizon changes with the inclusion of reinforcement under a wide platform load. The deformation behaviour of the clay is increased by additional layers of reinforcement as well as an increase in the width of the reinforcement. However, the increase in deformation comes at the benefit of an increased vertical load-bearing capacity of the reinforced foundation sand. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Geology / unrestricted

The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical nuclei in the forebrain of vertebrates that are highly conserved among mammals. Classically, dysfunction in the basal ganglia has been linked to motor abnormalities. However, it is now widely recognized that in addition to their role in motor behavior, these set of nuclei play a role in reinforcement learning and motivated behavior as well as in many diseases that present with abnormal motivation. In this dissertation, I first provide a review of the literature that describes the current state of research on the basal ganglia and the background for the original studies I later present. I describe the anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia, including how structures are interconnected to form two parallel pathways, the direct and the indirect pathways. I further review published studies that have investigated how the basal ganglia regulate motor behavior and motivation. And finally, I also summarize findings on how disruption in basal ganglia circuitry function has been linked to a number of neuropsychiatric diseases, with special focus on the symptoms of schizophrenia. I then present original data and discuss the results of three studies investigating basal ganglia function and behavior. In the first study, I investigated the bridging collaterals, axon collaterals of direct-pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs) in the striatum that target the external segment of the globus (GPe), the canonical target of indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs). Previous work in the Kellendonk laboratory has linked these collaterals to increased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) function and increased striatal excitability, as well as to abnormal locomotor response to stimulation of the direct pathway. I expanded on these findings by first demonstrating that bridging collaterals form synaptic contacts with GPe cells. I was also able to generate a viral vector to selectively increase excitability in specific populations of MSNs. I used this virus to show that chronically increasing excitability of the indirect pathway, but not the direct pathway, leads to a circuit-level change in connectivity by inducing the growth of bridging collaterals from dMSNs in the GPe. I also confirmed that increased density of bridging collaterals are associated with an abnormal locomotor response to stimulation of striatal dMSNs and further demonstrated that chronic pharmacologic blockade of D2Rs can rescue this abnormal locomotor phenotype. Furthermore, I found that motor training reverses the enhanced density of bridging collaterals and partially rescue the abnormal locomotor phenotype associated with increased collaterals, thereby establishing a new link between connectivity in the basal ganglia and motor learning. In the second study, I conducted a series of experiments in which I selectively increased excitability of the direct or indirect pathway in specific striatal sub-regions that have been implicated in goal-directed behavior, namely the DMS and NA core. I found that this manipulation was not sufficient to induce significant effects in different behavioral assays of locomotion and motivation, including the progressive ratio and concurrent choice tasks. These findings also suggest that increased bridging collateral density does not have a one-to-one relationship with the motivational deficit of D2R-OEdev mice, as previously hypothesized. In the third and final study, my original aim was to determine whether the motivational deficit of D2R-OEdev mice, induced by upregulation of D2Rs in the striatum, could be reversed by acutely activating Gαi-coupled signaling in the indirect pathway in these animals. I found that this manipulation increased motivation in D2R-OEdev mice but also in control littermates. This effect was due to energized behavioral performance, which, however, came at the cost of goal-directed efficiency. Moreover, selective manipulation of MSNs in either the DMS or NA core showed that both striatal regions contribute to this effect on motivation. Further investigation aimed at understanding how Gαi-coupled signaling affects striatal circuit function revealed that activating a Gαi-coupled receptor did not lead to a significant change in somatic MSN activity in vivo or to a change in neuronal excitability in vitro. In contrast, the GPe, which receives monosynaptic inhibition from the indirect pathway, showed disinhibited activity when Gαi signaling was activated in striatal iMSNs. In addition, as drug therapies for psychiatric diseases are not usually given acutely but involve long-term, continuous administrations, I also studied how chronically decreasing function of iMSNs would affect behavior. I showed that chronically activating a Gαi-coupled receptor in iMSNs does not lead to a measurable effect on locomotion or motivation, a behavioral desensitization response that can be recovered within 48 h and may be due to receptor desensitization to the drug or circuit-level compensation to a chronic decrease in iMSN function. Finally, I conclude this dissertation with a general discussion addressing how the findings from each study can be related to each other to provide a more complete understanding of how basal ganglia function regulate behavior, how disruption in the basal ganglia can underlie neuropsychiatric disease, and how strategies to target basal ganglia function should be employed to treat disorders of motivation. I conclude this dissertation by proposing new avenues of research for further exploring my findings.