The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal perceived locus of control (PLOC), perceived self-efficacy (PSE), and mother and child gains during a mother-implemented early language and print awareness program. Thirty mother-child dyads (with typically-developing, preschool-aged children) were randomly assigned to either an immediate-training group (ITG) or a delayed-training control group (DTCG). The mothers in the ITG participated in 4 training sessions over the course of a month. Data about mothers’ use of target strategies, mothers’ responsivity, children’s knowledge of print concepts, and child language samples were collected at baseline, 1-month, and 2-months for both groups. The training program was efficacious, as evidenced by greater gains in the ITG mothers’ target strategy use, responsivity, and children’s knowledge of print concepts as compared to DTCG mothers and children respectively. The ITG children significantly increased the number of different words they produced during their language samples from baseline to follow-up. Mothers with a more external PLOC and/or a lower PSE score tended to use fewer strategies at baseline and make greater gains in strategy use over the course of training. Similarly, children whose mothers had a more external PLOC tended to identify fewer print concepts at baseline and make greater gains during training. Conversely, children whose mothers had a lower sense of PSE tended to use a greater variety of words and have a higher number of different words/number of total words ratio at baseline. The results of this study support the incorporation of maternal PLOC and PSE into evidence-based clinical decision-making and provide avenues for future research.

Travel literature has been understood to comment on the expectations and impressions of the traveler as they encountered foreign spaces, customs, and people. There has been an unspoken understanding, at best, that travelers who wrote their tales used these foreign spaces to engage in debates that were meaningful to their domestic audience. However, the author has been central to much of the analysis, disconnecting travel literature from other linguistic exercises that more directly offered observations that were directly rooted in domestic culture. Author-centered analysis isolates the traveler from the wider world in which they engaged. It also ignores the other voices that are inherent in the works. As the disparate kingdoms of England and Scotland began their process of unification under King James VI and I, society did not emerge as distinctly novel in a short period of time. Religious beliefs inherited from a unified Christian Europe helped travelers engage with other confessions. They also provided models to help travelers both understand their experiences and relate them to their readers. Powerful Christian ideas, such as martyrdom, pilgrimage, and shared devotion, infused the thoughts of travelers, readers, and those who brought the two together in the marketplace. The travel works relating William Lithgow's adventures at the dawn of the seventeenth century provide an exceptional opportunity to glimpse the development of a traveler's identity. They also provide the opportunity to place the various editions within the context of his domestic culture, as he was re-inculcated before once again debarking on new adventures. As England and Scotland fluctuated between a state of stronger alliance and greater distance, Lithgow became a subtle example of political and religious unity. Understanding that early modern Europeans, in general, travelers more specifically required the ability to easily adopt variant persona are critical to recognizing the protagonist of an adventure tale as a political partisan and tolerant zealot.

How the artist deals with death, loss and the spiritual has been a major theme of art throughout history. New media tools provide renewed opportunity to explore these themes while testing the tools against a familiar subject. This research attempts to deal with these themes by examining and reinterpreting them through myths while evaluating the tools of creative media. In so doing, this has the potential to uncover any revealing insights that are relevant to the times. The project uses myth to explore the potential of the interaction between 2D digital images and 3D virtual environments. Elements of particular significance in the 3D virtual environment - such as Lighting and Point of View - are examined from the perspective of an artist who has practised only in 2D. Twelve final works have been generated for this project and presented as large-scale digital prints, along with a short video piece. In particular, the research explores 3D lighting techniques of 2D images by applying theatrical protocols within a virtual, computer-generated environment, and using myth as context and driving principle. The idea of theatre 'flats' has been applied as a device within the virtual realm to provide a conceptual housing and rationale for virtual lighting techniques, virtual camera techniques, digital rendering and digital printing.

隨著人類知識的進展與科學技術的不斷更新，現今的組織正面臨前所未有的環境變動，特別是在二十世紀中期開始，組織的內外環境均呈現出一番不同以往的嶄新景象，組織人員無論是在態度、信念及價值各方面亦有明顯的轉變。因此，組織的管理理念必須加以改變及革新，而網路組織的核心價值與本質則提供一個樂觀的前景--能建構出具自主性、授權性及合作性概念的組織結構。故不論是公私組織均須對網路組織作深入的探討，並且能運用其管理上的實行方案，以因應環境的變遷。 　　本論分為五章：第一章為緒論，說明本文的研究動機、目的、方法及限制，並對網路組織相關的名詞作界定。第二章則闡述四種不同的管理藍圖，以及根據管理藍圖規劃出管理上的行動方案，並配合1990年代的環境情勢，選擇最合宜的組織型態以因應時代環境的變遷。第三章是說明網路組織的內容，分析其運用的基本型態，並以有效的網路管理使網路組織的實行方案能順利進行。第四章是說明管理途徑的發展過程，由探究網路組織的管理內容及其應用的情形，明瞭網路組織在面對環境激盪變化之際，可能遭受到的挑戰與難題，並以組織轉換的途徑使網路組織的形貌產生根本與革命性的變化。綜上所述可知網路組織的目的，是在改善其個別組織的運作狀況，藉由網路連結的合作關係進行相互學習的過程，促使網路組織具有開放性、適應性及學習性，並能轉換成為行動－學習的社群(action-learning communities)。第五章是全文的回顧與檢討，並對未來的研究方向提出建議，以作為全文的結語。 　　簡言之，網路組織是指整合所有以垂直、水平及空間上任何關係型式所形成的團體類型，在今日全「球化的趨勢以及國內正處在一個「不連續時代」之下，社會、政治、文化等方面環境的巨幅變化直接挑戰組織成員及其結構的知識與規範系統，所以公、私部門皆應具備因應組織內外環境變遷的總體策略，使自身組織能與國內或國外其它企業組織相互合作，並將網路結構的形成視為組織成長的主要動力，促使自身的組織在二十一世紀成為最具主導性的網路組織型態。

The aims of the thesis were to study how washboarding (the undulations present on the surface of corrugated cardboard used to manufacture boxes) relates to the mechanical properties of paper and the board manufacturing conditions and to examine the impact of washboarding upon the structural integrity and printability of corrugated cardboard packaging. A digital image profilometry technique was developed to measure the washboarding profiles of corrugated board. This technique was used to measure the washboarding depth and profiles for a range of corrugated boards, some constructed manually and some machine manufactured. This enabled a study into how a change in the mechanical properties of paper and glue affect washboarding depth. The effect that the speed of machine manufacturing had upon the degree of washboarding was also determined. A study of how environmental conditions affect washboarding geometry was undertaken. The effects of the extent of washboarding upon a range of board performance measures were tested empirically and modelled using Finite Element Analysis. These were edgewise compression testing (ECT), three-point bend, and MD-Shear (an Amcor Ltd. proprietary test). A method was developed to measure full-tone print coverage of corrugated board and was used to study how washboarding affects the printing quality of corrugated board.

<p>This thesis presents the design and implementation of an accounting and status notification system for the LPRng print spooler. A solution using SNMP to query for needed accounting and status data is presented, a design built upon this, and an implementation produced. </p><p>As the system derives from the requirements specification, it will make no attempt to solve all printer accounting problems or to offer compatibility with all printers, database management systems or print spoolers. However, several solutions for printer accounting are discussed and the best solution derived from the requirements specification will be chosen.</p>

<p>What is meant with print quality, what makes people perceive the quality of an image in a certain way? An inquiry was made about what the parameters are that strongly affect the perception of digital printed images. </p><p>A subjective test and some measurements make the basis for the thesis. The goal was to find a tool to predict perceived image quality when investigating the connections between the subjective test and the measurements. </p><p>Some suitable images were chosen, with a variety of motifs. A test panel consisting of people that are used to observe image quality answered questions about the perception of the quality. Measurements were made on a special test form to get information about the six different printers used in the investigation. </p><p>One of the discoveries was made when two images with the same colorful motif were compared. The first image got a much higher grade for general quality than the second image, even though the second image was printed with a printer that had a larger color gamut. The reason of this is that the first image consists of more saturated colors, and the second image has more details. The human eye perceives the more saturated image to be better than the image with more details. Another discovery was the correlation between the perceived general quality of a colored image and the perceived color gamut. One conclusion was that a great difference between two calculated color gamuts resulted in a large difference in perception of the color gamuts. A discovery of an image with very few colors and many glossy surfaces was that print mottle and sharpness are strictly connected to the general quality.</p>

<p>Inkjet is a digital printing process where the ink is ejected directly onto a substrate from a jet device driven by an electronic signal. Most inkjet inks have a low viscosity and a low surface tension, which put high demands on the coating layer’s porosity and absorbency characteristics.</p><p>The aim of this study has been to gain an increased knowledge of the mechanisms that control the sorption and fixation of inkjet inks on coated papers. The focus has been on printability aspects of high print quality (although not photographic quality) laboratory-coated inkjet papers for printers using aqueous-based inks.</p><p>Papers coated solely with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and starch presented excellent gamut values and good print sharpness over the uncoated substrate, due to good film-forming characteristics observed by light microscopy and ESCA. ESEM analyses showed the complexity and variation of PVOH surface structures, which has probably explained the wide scatter in the colour-to-colour bleed results. Pure PVOH coatings also gave a surface with high gloss variations (2-8 times greater than that of commercial inkjet papers), prolonged ink drying time, and cracked prints when using pigmented inks. When an amorphous silica gel pigment (with broad pore size distribution) was used in combination with binder, a new structure was formed with large pores in and between the pigments and a macro-roughness generated by the large particles. The inkjet ink droplets could quickly penetrate into the large pores and the time for surface wicking was reduced, which was beneficial for the blurriness. However, the macro-roughness promoted bulk spreading in the coarse surface structure, and this tended to increase the line width. Finally, when the ink ends up within the coating, the colorant is partly shielded by the particles, and this reduced the gamut area to some extent. The binder demand of the silica pigments was strongly related to their pore size distributions. Silica gel required two to three times the amount of binder compared to novel surfactant-templated mesoporous silica pigments (with small pores and narrow pore size distribution). This finding was attributed to the significant penetration of PVOH binder into the pores in the silica gel, thereby, increasing its binder demand. Furthermore, this binder penetration reduced the effective internal pore volume available for rapid drainage of the ink vehicle. Consequently, the surfactant-templated pigments required significantly lower amounts of binder, and gave improvements in print quality relative to the commercial pigment.</p>

Inkjet is a digital printing process where the ink is ejected directly onto a substrate from a jet device driven by an electronic signal. Most inkjet inks have a low viscosity and a low surface tension, which put high demands on the coating layer’s porosity and absorbency characteristics. The aim of this study has been to gain an increased knowledge of the mechanisms that control the sorption and fixation of inkjet inks on coated papers. The focus has been on printability aspects of high print quality (although not photographic quality) laboratory-coated inkjet papers for printers using aqueous-based inks. Papers coated solely with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and starch presented excellent gamut values and good print sharpness over the uncoated substrate, due to good film-forming characteristics observed by light microscopy and ESCA. ESEM analyses showed the complexity and variation of PVOH surface structures, which has probably explained the wide scatter in the colour-to-colour bleed results. Pure PVOH coatings also gave a surface with high gloss variations (2-8 times greater than that of commercial inkjet papers), prolonged ink drying time, and cracked prints when using pigmented inks. When an amorphous silica gel pigment (with broad pore size distribution) was used in combination with binder, a new structure was formed with large pores in and between the pigments and a macro-roughness generated by the large particles. The inkjet ink droplets could quickly penetrate into the large pores and the time for surface wicking was reduced, which was beneficial for the blurriness. However, the macro-roughness promoted bulk spreading in the coarse surface structure, and this tended to increase the line width. Finally, when the ink ends up within the coating, the colorant is partly shielded by the particles, and this reduced the gamut area to some extent. The binder demand of the silica pigments was strongly related to their pore size distributions. Silica gel required two to three times the amount of binder compared to novel surfactant-templated mesoporous silica pigments (with small pores and narrow pore size distribution). This finding was attributed to the significant penetration of PVOH binder into the pores in the silica gel, thereby, increasing its binder demand. Furthermore, this binder penetration reduced the effective internal pore volume available for rapid drainage of the ink vehicle. Consequently, the surfactant-templated pigments required significantly lower amounts of binder, and gave improvements in print quality relative to the commercial pigment.

Finding near-duplicate documents is an interesting problem but the existing methods are not suitable for large scale datasets and memory constrained systems. In this work, we developed approaches that tackle the problem of finding near-duplicates while improving query performance and using less memory. We then carried out an evaluation of our method on a dataset of 70M web documents, and showed that our method works really well. The results indicated that our method could achieve a reduction in space by a factor of 5 while improving the query time by a factor of 4 with a recall of 0.95 for finding all near-duplicates when the dataset is in memory. With the same recall and same reduction in space, we could achieve an improvement in query-time by a factor of 4.5 while finding first the near-duplicate for an in memory dataset. When the dataset was stored on a disk, we could achieve an improvement in performance by 7 times for finding all near-duplicates and by 14 times when finding the first near-duplicate.