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Structural geology, metamorphism and origin of the Kanmantoo Copper deposit, South Australia / by Jeffrey Christopher Schiller.Schiller, Jeffrey Christopher January 2000 (has links)
Appendices 5 and 6 are made available in CD-ROM format. / Includes copies of articles co-authored by the author during the preparation of this thesis as appendix 7. / 14 maps (some folded, some col.); inserted in back pocket. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-264). / System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Macintosh of IBM compatible computer. Other requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. / [15], 264 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm. + 1 computer optical disk (4 3/4 in.) / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / On the basis of the present study it is concluded that there is no firm evidence that the bulk of the mineralisation is pre-metamorphic, although the possibility has not been excluded. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2001
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3-Axis geomagnetic magnetometer system design using superconducting quantum interference devicesKilian, Anton Theo 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This work discusses the design of a 3-axis Geomagnetometer SQUID System (GSS), in which HTS SQUIDs are used unshielded. The initial GSS installed at SANSA was fully operable, however the LN2 evaporation rate and SQUID orientation required improving. Magnetic shields were also developed in case the SQUIDs would not operate unshielded and to test the system noise with geomagnetic variations removed. To enable removing the double layer shield from the probes while the SQUIDs remain submerged in LN2, the shield was designed to disassemble. The shields proved to be effective, however due to icing the shields could not be removed without removing the SQUIDs from the LN2. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werk bespreek die ontwerp van 'n 3-as Geomagnetometer SQUID Sisteem (GSS), waarin HTS SQUIDs sonder magnetiese skilde aangedryf word. Die aanvanklike GSS geïnstalleer by SANSA was ten volle binnewerking, maar die LN2 verdamping en SQUID oriëntasie benodig verbetering. Magnetiese skilde was ook ontwikkel vir die geval dat die SQUIDs nie sonder skilde wou werk nie en om die ruis te toets na geomagnetiese variasies verwyder is. Die dubbele laag skild was ontwerp om uitmekaar gehaal te word terwyl die SQUIDs binne die LN2 bly. Die skild was doeltreffend, maar ys het verhoed dat die skild verwyder kon word vanaf die LN2 sonder om die SQUIDs ook te verwyder.
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Análise de áreas encefálicas ativadas em pombos por estímulos magnéticos e olfativos. / Analysis of brain areas activated in pigeons by magnetic and olfactory stimuli.Lucila Emiko Tsugiyama 17 September 2013 (has links)
Dentre as hipóteses para explicar mecanismos utilizados por pombos-correios para se orientar e navegar no espaço destacam-se a utilização de dois fatores ambientais: gradientes de odores específicos na atmosfera e o campo geomagnético. Para determinar se há diferenças ou correlações entre áreas cerebrais envolvidas com as vias sensoriais olfatória e magnética, utilizou-se imunohistoquímica e gene de resposta imediata ZENK. Dois grupos foram expostos a estímulos olfatórios, mas um com oclusão de narinas. Um grupo foi exposto ao estímulo magnético variando em direção e intensidade semelhante ao campo geomagnético durante o voo, com narinas tampadas. Dois grupos não foram estimulados, mas um teve oclusão de narinas. Dados indicam igual marcação no bulbo olfatório, córtex pré-piriforme e córtex piriforme em animais com as narinas tampadas, expostos ou não ao estímulo magnético. O estímulo olfatório, por outro lado, foi eficaz em marcar estas estruturas. Conclui-se que o processamento central de pistas magnéticas não está intimamente correlacionado à via olfatória. / There are two main theories to explain how homing pigeons orient and navigate in their return flights from unfamiliar sites: by following olfactory cues in the atmosphere or by means of the geomagnetic field. The aim of this study was to determine whether magnetic and olfactory stimuli activate common brain areas in the pigeon, by an immunohistochemical technique using the immediate early gene ZENK. Two groups were exposed to smell, but one had their nostrils plugged. One group was exposed to a magnetic field varying in direction, of intensity similar to the geomagnetic field during flight, with nostrils plugged. Two groups were not stimulated, but one had their nostrils plugged, whereas the other did not. The data indicates that ZENK expression in the olfactory bulb, pre-piriform cortex and piriform cortex was not different in birds with nostrils plugged, whether magnetically stimulated or not. The conclusion is that central processing of magnetic cues is unlikely to be intimately related to the olfactory pathway.
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Geomagnetically induced current characteristics in southern AfricaNgwira, Chigomezyo Mudala January 2009 (has links)
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), resulting from adverse space weather, have been demonstrated to cause damage to power transformers at mid-latitudes. There is growing concern over possible GIC effects in the Southern African network due to its long power lines. Previous efforts to model the electric field associated with GICs in the Southern Africa region used a uniform ground conductivity model. In an effort to improve the modelling of GICs, GIC data together with Hermanus Magnetic Observatory geomagnetic field data were used to obtain a multilayered ground conductivity model. This process requires a definition of the network coefficients, which are then used in subsequent calculations. This study shows that GIC computed with the new network coefficients and the multilayered ground conductivity model improves the accuracy of GIC modelling. Then GIC statistics are derived based on the recordings of the geomagnetic field at Hermanus, the new network coefficients and ground conductivity model. The geoelectric field is modelled using the plane wave method. The properties of the geomagnetic field, their time derivatives and local geomagnetic indices were investigated to determine their characteristics in relation to the GIC. The pattern of the time derivatives of the horizontal geomagnetic field closely follow the rate of change of the north-south geomagnetic component rather than the east-west component. The correlation between the GIC and the local geomagnetic field indices was also investigated. The results show that there is a higher correlation between the GIC and the east-west components of the geomagnetic local indices than between the GIC and the north-south components. This corresponds very well with the orientation of the power lines feeding the power transformers at the South African Grassridge electrical substation GIC site. Thus, the geoelectric field driving the GIC at Grassridge is north-south oriented. Further, it is shown that the geomagnetic observation sites have a strong directional preference with respect to the Grassridge GIC site.
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Hodnocení fyzikálních polí v krajinné lokalitě / Evaluation of physical fields in a landscape localityJílek, Michael January 2020 (has links)
The thesis is focused on gathering of theoretical backgrounds for geomagnetic measurements, measurement of electromagnetic and radiometric quantities in a natural locality, and subsequent evaluation of the obtained results from the point of view of their interrelations and in the context of hygienic regulations. All the theoretical backgrounds of each field are assigned to the measurement methodology and appropriate measuring technique, selected according to information from available sources. Appropriate instruments, landscape location, measurements were made, the results were evaluated and interpreted. The result is graphical output in the QGIS geographic information system.
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Hodnocení fyzikálních polí v krajinné lokalitě / Evaluation of physical fields in scenic areaJílek, Michael January 2019 (has links)
The thesis is focused on gathering of theoretical backgrounds for geomagnetic measurements, measurement of electromagnetic and radiometric quantities in a natural locality, and subsequent evaluation of the obtained results from the point of view of their interrelations and in the context of hygienic regulations. All the theoretical backgrounds of each field are assigned to the measurement methodology and appropriate measuring technique, selected according to information from available sources. Appropriate instruments, landscape location, measurements were made, the results were evaluated and interpreted. The result is graphical output in the QGIS geographic information system.
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Oceanic lithosphere magnetization : marine magnetic investigations of crustal accretion and tectonic processes in mid-ocean ridge environments / Marine magnetic investigations of crustal accretion and tectonic processes in mid-ocean ridge environmentsWilliams, Clare Margaret January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. / The origin of symmetric alternating magnetic polarity stripes on the seafloor is investigated in two marine environments; along the ridge axis of the fast spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR) (90 25'-90 55'N) and at Kane Megamullion (KMM) (230 40'N), near the intersection of the slow-spreading Mid Atlantic Ridge with Kane Transform Fault. Marine magnetic anomalies and magnetic properties of seafloor samples are combined to characterize the magnetic source layer in both locations. The EPR study suggests that along-axis variations in the observed axial magnetic anomaly result from changing source layer thickness alone, consistent with observed changes in seismic Layer 2a. The extrusive basalts of the upper crust therefore constitute the magnetic source layer along the ridge axis and long term crustal accretion patterns are reflected in the appearance of the axial anomaly. At KMM the C2r.2r/C2An. In (- 2.581 Ma) polarity reversal boundary cuts through lower crust (gabbro) and upper mantle (serpentinized peridotites) rocks exposed by a detachment fault on the seafloor, indicating that these lithologies can systematically record a magnetic signal. Both lithologies have stable remanent magnetization, capable of contributing to the magnetic source layer. The geometry of the polarity boundary changes from the northern to the central regions of KMM and is believed to be related to changing lithology. In the northern region, interpreted to be a gabbro pluton, the boundary dips away from the ridge axis and is consistent with a rotated conductively cooled isotherm. In the central region the gabbros have been removed and the polarity boundary, which resides in serpentinized peridotite, dips towards the ridge axis and is thought to represent an alteration front. The linear appearance of the polarity boundary across both regions indicates that the two lithologies acquired their magnetic remanence during approximately the same time interval. Seismic events caused by detachment faulting at Kane and Atlantis Transform Faults are investigated using hydroacoustic waves (T-phases) recorded by a hydrophone array. Observations and ray trace models of event propagation show bathymetric blockage along propagation paths, but suggest current models of T-phase excitation and propagation need to be improved to explain observed characteristics of T-phase data. / by Clare Margaret Williams. / Ph.D.
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Applications of time series analysis to geophysical dataChave, Alan Dana January 1980 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Includes bibliographies. / by Alan Dana Chave. / Ph.D.
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Intégration des données d'observatoires magnétiques dans l'interprétation de sondages magnétotelluriques : acqusition, traitement, interprétation / Using magnetic observatory data in the framework of magnetotellurics : acquisition, processing, interpretationLarnier, Hugo 07 February 2017 (has links)
Dans ce manuscrit, nous développons des méthodologies de détection et caractérisation de sources géomagnétiques et atmosphériques en se basant sur la transformée en ondelettes continues. Les techniques introduites se basent sur les caractéristiques temps-fréquence des ondes observées dans les séries temporelles magnétotelluriques (MT). A partir de ces procédures de détection, nous détaillons l'implémentation d'une stratégie de détermination des fonctions de réponse MT basée sur les statistiques robustes, et du bootstrap hiérarchique pour le calcul des incertitudes. Deux études MT sont également détaillées. La première étude MT concerne la caractérisation de la structure géoélectrique situé sous l'observatoire magnétique de Chambon-La-Forêt, France. La seconde étude concerne des mesures effectuées dans la vallée de Trisuli au Népal en mars 2016. L'objectif de cette campagne est la comparaison avec une étude effectuée en 1996. Nous discutons des effets topographiques sur les sondages MT. Nous présentons également une nouvelle interprétation de la distribution de conductivité dans le sous-sol de vallée de Trisuli. / In this manuscript, we detail the application of continuous wavelet transform to processing schemes for the detection and the characterisation of geomagnetic and atmospheric sources. Presented techniques are based on time-frequency properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves observed in magnetotellurics (MT) time series. We detail the application of these detection procedures in a MT processing scheme. To recover MT response functions, we use robust statistics and a hierarchical bootstrap approach for uncertainties determination. Interpretation of two datasets are also presented. The first MT study deals with the caracterisation of the resistivity distribution below the French National magnetic observatory of Chambon-la-Forêt. The second study details the interpretation of new MT soundings acquired in March 2016 in the Trisuli valley, Nepal. The main objective of this campaign was to compare the new soundings with an old campaign in 1996. We discuss topography effects on MT soundings and their implication on the resistivity distribution. We also introduce a new interpretation of the resistivity distribution in Trisuli valley.
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Estudo paleomagnético do Complexo Máfico-ultramáfico Rincón del Tigre - sudeste da Bolívia, Cráton Amazônico / Paleomagnetic Study of the Rincón del Tigre Mafic- ultramafic Complex Southeastern Bolivian, Amazonian CratonOscar Andres Lazcano Patroni 25 September 2015 (has links)
Modelos de reconstruções paleogeográficas envolvendo o Cráton Amazônico para 1100 Ma são motivos de controvérsia devido à carência de dados paleomagnéticos de qualidade para esta unidade geotectônica. Com intuito de contribuir para o esclarecimento da participação do Cráton Amazônico na evolução do ciclo continental, este trabalho apresenta o estudo paleomagnético realizado para o Complexo Máfico- ultramáfico Rincón del Tigre localizado na região sudeste da Bolívia, sudoeste do Cráton Amazônico. Uma recente datação U-Pb em badeleítas forneceu idade de 1110,4 ± 1,8 Ma para esta unidade. Para o estudo paleomagnético, 101 amostras cilíndricas orientadas foram coletadas de 15 sítios de composição litológica variada, compreendendo ultramáficas, ortopiroxenitos adcumuláticos, gabro noritos e serpentinitos. Um total de 359 espécimes cilíndricos de rocha de 2.2 cm de altura por 2.5 cm de diâmetro foi preparado para os tratamentos por campos magnéticos alternados (AF) e térmicos, assim como, para medidas de anisotropia de susceptibilidade magnética (ASM). As mesmas amostras foram preparadas para os experimentos de mineralogia magnética: curvas termomagnéticas, curvas de histerese e curvas de magnetização remanente isotérmica (MRI). Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise de anisotropias de suscetibilidade magnética (ASM) indicam, para boa parte das amostras analisadas, trama magnética aproximadamente horizontal coerente com a colocação de sills e lineação magnética para NW/SE, a qual indica que estas rochas sofreram influência da tectônica de deformação de direção NE-SW que as afetou durante a orogênese Sunsás. O estudo da mineralogia magnética indica magnetita como principal portador magnético presente nas rochas analisadas. Os tratamentos por campos alternados e térmico foram eficientes para separar as componentes de magnetização através da análise vetorial, sendo que direções coerentes foram obtidas para boa parte dos espécimes analisados para cada sítio. Todavia, a mesma coerência não é observada para as direções médias por sítio. Assim, correções tectônicas foram efetuadas e para um grupo de sítios obteve-se um teste de dobra positivo, com direção média Dm=327,9°, Im=53,5° (95=13,1°, K=22,6, N=7), a qual forneceu o polo paleomagnético situado em 271,7°E, 28,6°N (A95=17,6°). Supondo uma trama magnética horizontal (k3=90°) para os sills acamadados que constituem o Complexo Rincón del Tigre, a direção média (declinação e inclinação) do eixo k3 para cada sítio foi utilizada para corrigir as direções de magnetização para a situação de trama horizontal. Após a correção de ASM, outro grupo de sítios apresentou direções consistentes, cuja direção média Dm=118,6°, Im=20,7° (95=16,5°, K=12,2, N=8) forneceu o polo paleomagnético situado em 28,5°E, 30,0°S (A95=12,8). Os parâmetros estatísticos foram também significativamente melhorados após a correção de ASM. Com base nos dois polos determinados para o Complexo Rincón del Tigre e polos selecionados para o Cráton Amazônico e Laurentia são propostas paleogeografias para 1265 Ma, 1200 Ma, 1150 Ma, 1100 Ma e 1000 Ma que apoiam o modelo que propõe a ruptura do supercontinente Columbia, por volta de 1270 Ma atrás, e o posterior movimento de rotação horária do Cráton Amazônico/Oeste-África e da Báltica até estes blocos cratônicos colidirem novamente há 1000 Ma atrás com a Laurentia, ao longo do cinturão Grenville, para formar o supercontinente Rodínia. / Paleogeographic reconstructions at 1100 Ma involving the Amazonian Craton are controversial due to the absence of key paleomagnetic poles for this geotectonic unit. Trying to elucidate the participation of the Amazonian Craton in the continental cycle, this work present a paleomagnetic study of the Rincón del Tigre mafic-ultramafic complex from southeast Bolivia, southwestern Amazonian Craton. A recent U-Pb dating on baddeleyites of a rock from this complex yielded an age of 1110.4 ± 1.8 Ma for this unit. For the paleomagnetic study, 101 cylindrical cores were sampled from 15 sites with variable lithologies, comprising ultramafics, adacumulatic orthopyroxenites, gabbro norites and serpentinites. A total of 359 cylindrical specimens (2.5 cm diameter x 2.2 cm height) were prepared for the AF and thermal treatments, and for the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements. The same samples were prepared for magnetic experiments: thermomagnetic curves, hysteresis curves and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curves. The ASM results indicate nearly horizontal magnetic fabric for many of the analyzed sites, which agrees with that originated by sills emplacement, and a NW/SE magnetic lineation, which suggests that these rocks were tectonically affected by the Sunsás orogen. The magnetic mineralogy studies indicate magnetite as the main magnetic carrier in the rocks. The AF and thermal treatments were effective in isolating magnetic components through vector analysis, and coherent magnetic directions were disclosed for much of the specimens from each site. However, the same consistency was not observed for the between-site directions. Tectonic corrections were applied for the site mean directions, which yielded a positive fold test for a group of sites: mean direction Dm=327.9°, Im=53.5° (95=13.1°, K=22.6, N=7), which yielded the paleomagnetic pole at 271.7°E, 28.6°N (A95=17.6°). Supposing an horizontal magnetic fabric (k3=90°) for the layered sills that originally formed the Rincón del Tigre Complex, the mean direction (declination and inclination) of the k3 axis calculated for each site, was used to correct site mean magnetization directions for the situation of horizontal magnetic fabric. After ASM correction, another group of sites yielded consistent directions, whose mean direction Dm=118.6°, Im=20.7° (95=16.5°, K=12.2, N=8) yielded the paleomagnetic pole at 28.5°E, 30.0°S (A95=12.8). Statistical parameters were also greatly improved after ASM corrections. Paleogeographies at 1265 Ma, 1200 Ma, 1150 Ma, 1100 Ma and 1000 Ma were constructed based on the Rincón del Tigre poles and other selected poles from the Amazonian Craton and Laurentia, which support the model where soon after Columbia rupture at around 1270 Ma, the Amazonian Craton/West Africa and Baltica executed clockwise rotations until they collide again at 1000 Ma with Laurentia, along the Grenvillian belt, forming Rodinia supercontinent.
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