Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-51).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

Summary. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of consistency in student ratings of teacher effectiveness during the first year of medical school. Student ratings of teaching effectiveness represent a commonly used source of information that enters into the academic decision‐making process. In medical school, student evaluations often represent a major source of information that is used in promotion and tenure decisions. It is essential that the precision of such ratings be ascertained so that decision‐makers will know how much confidence to place in this source of information on teaching effectiveness. In this study, each member of a first‐year medical school class was randomly assigned a two‐digit identification number at the beginning of the spring semester, 1986. As the semester progressed students were asked to evaluate each fulltime teacher in three major courses. Multiple instructors were utilized in each course (n = 10). Each teacher was evaluated immediately after lectures during the first (T1) and second (T2) halves of the course. Students evaluated the teacher a third time (T3) as part of the end‐of‐semester overall course evaluation. The teachers were evaluated on a short eight‐item Likert‐type scale that identified several key indicators of effective teaching. Students attached their anonymous identification numbers to individual ratings so that their responses could be matched in the analysis. The results indicate that medical students are only moderately consistent in the extent to which they evaluate teachers. This inconsistency varied by course and by instructors within courses. Student perceptions of teaching effectiveness changed over the course of the semester, although the extent and direction of change varied by course. The results highlight a major difficulty in using end‐of‐semester student evaluations as a factor in academic decision‐making. Student ratings of effectiveness may vary considerably from one time period to another and may be influenced by many different factors. Decision‐makers should exercise caution in interpreting one‐shot student evaluations of instructional effectiveness.

Background: Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a tradition that is carried out mainly in Africa. The intervention refers to that part of- or all of the girl’s external genital organs are removed.  Aim: The study's purpose was to highlight the consequences of female circumcision in the encounter with western health care. Method: A systematic literature reviews was performed as a method. Twelve articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis, inspired by Lundman and Granheim. Eriksson, Birkler, Dahlberg and Segersten’s nursing theory was used as background in the discussion. Results: The analysis process resulted in six categories: laws and guidelines, offence, communication, knowledge, vulnerability and nursing. The results showed that offence occur extensively against genitally mutilated women and the exposure of these women. The results also showed a strong need for knowledge, laws and guidelines. Conclusions: Health care professionals need to have a basic knowledge of female circumcision and clear guidelines to ensure good care. The nurse should also keep themselves updated of new research and search for knowledge to improve their care.

Bakgrund: Suicid är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och år 2014 var suicid dödsorsaken för 790 000 personer över hela världen. I Sverige, år 2014, var det över 1500 personer som begick suicid. Över 9 000 patienter i Sverige vårdas på sjukhus till följd av självskador, där suicidförsök räknas in. Sjuksköterskans attityd påverkar vårdandet av patienter.    Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att utforska sjuksköterskans attityd i förhållande till suicidnära patienter inom somatisk vård. Metod: Litteraturöversikten utformades enligt Fribergs modell för allmän litteraturöversikt. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades och analyserades för att bilda resultatet i litteraturöversikten. Resultat: Sjuksköterskans attityd i förhållande till suicidnära patienter var generellt mer negativ än positiv. Flera förklaringar fanns som orsak till den negativa attityden; sjuksköterskans egna värderingssystem, sjuksköterskans ålder, sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att vårda suicidnära patienter och sjuksköterskans utbildningsbakgrund. Ju längre utbildning sjuksköterskan hade desto mer positiv attityd hade hen i förhållande till suicidnära patienter. Om sjuksköterskan var yngre än 45 år hade hen en mer positiv attityd. Diskussion: Resultatet har diskuterats utifrån Paterson och Zderads humanistiska omvårdnadsteori där ”jag-du-relationen” är en del av deras teori. Teorin bygger på det mänskliga mötet mellan två individer och belyser hur viktigt det är att inte se nedvärderande på patienten. Att det behöver finnas en öppen dialog där patienten får utrymme att berätta om sin livsvärld, och uttrycka sina känslor, önskningar och vilja. / Background: Suicide is a global public health problem and in year 2014 it was 790 000 individuals that committed suicide. Suicide is one of the twenty most common reasons that citizens in the world die of. In Sweden, 2014, fifteen hundred individuals committed suicide. Over nine thousand patients in Sweden is hospitalized every year for deliberated self-harm, in which attempted suicide are included. Patients has experienced that nurses’ attitudes have an impact on their care when hospitalized after an attempted suicide.  Aim: The aim was to explore nurses’ attitudes towards suicidal patients within somatic care. Method: This literature review was conducted in accordance to Friberg. Ten scientific articles were included and has been analyzed to constitute the result. Results: Nurses’ attitudes towards suicidal patients was in general mostly negative. Several explanations were found for nurses’ attitudes; nurses’ valuation system, nurses’ age, experience of caring for suicidal patients and nurses’ educational background. The longer education nurses’ had the more positive were they in their attitude towards suicidal patients. Absence of experience contributed to a more negative attitude. Attitudes of nurses were more negative if they were older than 45 years. Discussion: The result of this literature review has been discussed from Paterson and Zderads’ humanistic nursing theory which includes the "Me-you relationship." Based on the human encounter between two individuals and that highlights how important it is not to see the inquisition of the patient.  The nurse-patient relationship requires an open dialogue in which the patient is given space to talk about their life-world and express their feelings, desires and will.

M.Med., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011

O presente estudo objetivou traduzir, adaptar e validar a Escala de Atitudes frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e ao alcoolista EAFA para língua espanhola. Método. Estudo metodológico, que seguiu as diretrizes internacionais para tradução e adaptação de escalas de mensuração. A escala original foi adaptada para o idioma espanhol na cultura colombiana. A validade de construto da versão traduzida e adaptada foi realizada por meio da teoria clássica do teste representada pela análise fatorial confirmatória. A confiabilidade da versão em Espanhol da EAFAA foi testada pelo coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach e Ômega de Mc Donald. Resultado. A validação de conteúdo, indicou índices de validade satisfatórios com IVC (0,97), PABAK ,(0,80), ICC (0,92). A análise fatorial confirmatória indicou bom ajuste do modelo da EAFA versão Espanhol, composta por 48 itens, divididos em quatro fatores. A análise da confiabilidade da escala estimada pelo Alfa de Cronbach apresentou índice satisfatório ( =0,80) resultado semelhante ao observado quando se testou a confiabilidade pelo teste de Mc Donald (= 0.90). Conclusões. A EAFA adaptada e traduzida para o idioma Espanhol, apresentou validade de conteúdo e qualidades psicométricas robustas, o que permite afirmar que se trata de um instrumento válido e confiável, capaz de medir as atitudes frente ao álcool, ao alcoolismo e a pessoa com transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool com acerácea no contexto cultural Colombiano / The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the instrument attitudes scale towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholic (EAFA) to Spanish language. Methodology: this methodological study followed the international guidelines on translation and adaptation of measurement scales, to adapt the original scale to the Spanish language in the Colombian culture. The construct validity of translate and adapted version was performed by the classical theory of the test represented by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the Spanish version of EAFAA was tested by Cronbach alpha coefficient and omega of McDonald. Result: The instrument has indicated satisfactory validity rates with a CVI (0.97), Kappa Index (0.80) and ICC (0.92). The confirmatory factor analysis indicated proper adjustment of the model EAFA Spanish version, consisting of 48 items, divided into four factors. The scale reliability analysis estimated by alpha Cronbach presented satisfactory index ( = 0.80) similar to the result observed when tested by the McDonald test ( = 0.90). Conclusions: The EAFA adapted and translated into Spanish language, presented content validity and robust psychometric properties, which allows affirm that this is a valid and reliable instrument, able to measure the attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and persons with related disorders to alcohol use with accuracy in the Colombian cultural context

Substansberoende är ett växande problem i samhället som påverkar brukaren fysiskt och psykiskt men har även en påverkan på samhällsnivå. Sjuksköterskor har en skyldighet att bemöta patienter med ett korrekt etiskt ställningstagande och ett kritiskt förhållningssätt. Sjuksköterskor upplever att de inte är lämpligt rustade för att vårda dessa patienter och efterfrågar mer kunskaper inom området. Att belysa hur patienter med substansberoende upplever sjuksköterskans bemötande. Studien är en litteraturöversikt där tio vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ metod analyserades enligt Friberg (2017) där skillnader och likheter framställde resultatets teman. Resultatet visade på varierande positiva och negativa upplevelser av sjuksköterskors bemötande som delades in i kategorier. De kategorier som presenteras är Upplevelser av att bli dömd, Upplevelser av att bli bemött med bristande kunskap, Upplevelser av att inte bli tagen på allvar samt Upplevelser av en förtroendefull relation. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån Phil Barkers tidvattenmodell, studiens bakgrund, vetenskaplig litteratur och författarnas egna synpunkter / Substance addiction is a growing problem in the society which affects the users physically and mentally but it also has an effect on a societal level. Nurses have an obligation to encounter patients with a correct ethical standpoint and a critical approach. Nurses experience that they are not properly fitted to treat these patients and requested more knowledge within this field. To investigate how patients with substance addiction experiences nurses’ encounter. The study is a literature review where ten scientific articles of qualitative method were analysed according to Friberg (2017) where the differences and the similarities conducted the themes of the result. The results showed variable positive and negative experiences of health care professionals treatment/encounter which were divided into categories. The categories are presented as Experiences of being judged, Experiences of being treated with a lack of knowledge, Experiences of not being taken seriously and Experiences of trusting relationship. The result was discussed out of Phil Barker’s Tidal Model, the study’s background, scientific literature and the authors own point of view.

Idag finns få studier gällande könsskillnader inom hörselvården, däremot finns forskning inom andra vårdområden. Hörselvården består bland annat av rehabilitering, där den tekniska hörselrehabiliteringen är en stor del. Den innefattar främst utprovning av hörapparater och hörseltekniska hjälpmedel.    Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns några skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande den tekniska hörselrehabiliteringen.    Metoden för studien är kvantitativ och deskriptiv. En journalgenomgång inom ett enskilt landsting genomfördes. Totalt ingick patientjournaler för 56 personer i undersökningen. Av dessa var 27 kvinnor och 29 män. Vid journalgenomgången användes ett protokoll där olika punkter gällande patientens förutsättningar och behov togs upp.    Resultatet visar inga tydliga skillnader avseende kön gällande den tekniska hörselrehabiliteringen. Det finns dock tendenser till att fler kvinnor får en unilateral hörapparatanpassning jämfört med män. Resultatet visar att få avancerade hörapparater och hörseltekniska hjälpmedel förskrivits till patienter. Patienternas behov enligt rehabiliteringsplanen varierade mycket och ingen skillnad kunde ses gällande hörapparatsegment varken inom könen eller när könen jämfördes med varandra.    Inga märkbara skillnader i den tekniska hörselrehabiliteringen kunde hittas mellan könen. Mer forskning skulle behövas på området, både gällande hörapparatsegment samt vilka hörseltekniska hjälpmedel som förskrivs och varför. Även en liknande studie med ett större urval skulle behövas.

Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Nursing, 1999. / Typescript. Bibliography: p. 100-113.