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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Resposta fisiológica, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e conservação da banana prata tratada com etanol

França, Daiane Luckmann Balbinotti de 15 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-22T18:59:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Daiana LB Franca 2016.pdf: 861200 bytes, checksum: 32ce3c922ac5969d272d83b1d94ae315 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T18:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Daiana LB Franca 2016.pdf: 861200 bytes, checksum: 32ce3c922ac5969d272d83b1d94ae315 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Ethanol has been studied as an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, which can be of great benefit for the post-harvest conservation of fruits. However, studies have shown that some climacteric fruits, such as banana, did not respond to ethanol. The ability of the banana to absorb ethanol may be limited and interfere with its ethylene regulatory action. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of exposure time and ethanol dose on ethylene production, respiration, antioxidant enzymes and postharvest preservation of 'Prata' banana. A first sample of bananas was exposed to ethanol vapor (100 μL) for 10.0 hours. Another sample of bananas was exposed to 50, 100 and 150 μL of ethanol and then stored for 12 days. Respiratory rate, ethylene production, activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), phenylalanine ammoniumase (FAL) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO), physicochemical characteristics and degradation were evaluated. The respiration rate and ethylene production of ethanol treated bananas (71.13 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 and 0.009 μg C2H4 kg-1 h-1, respectively) were lower than the control fruits (101.58 mg kg -1 h -1 and 0.014 μg kg -1 h -1, respectively), but this occurred only with 4 hours of exposure to ethanol, during which time there was a peak of ethanol uptake in the fruit. Ethanol caused higher SOD and CAT activity and less APX activity of banana bark only in the first two hours of exposure, but this was not related to ethylene production or respiratory rate. Ethanol influenced changes in PPO and FAL activities after the peak of its maximum absorption by the fruit (4 hours). During storage, ethanol caused a decrease in the ethylene production of the fruits, but there was no effect of the doses. Ethanol did not influence the respiratory rate, sugar conversion, texture and loss of fresh banana mass during storage. This study showed that ethanol has an effect on the metabolism of ethylene, but that this has no reflection on some quality parameters of 'Prata' banana. On the other hand, ethanol was able to delay the degradation of the fruit, and this is commercially advantageous. / O etanol tem sido estudado como um inibidor da biossíntese de etileno, o que pode ser de grande benefício para a conservação pós-colheita de frutos. Entretanto, estudos mostraram que alguns frutos climatéricos, como a banana, não mostraram resposta ao etanol. A capacidade da banana em absorver etanol pode ser limitada e interferir na sua ação reguladora do etileno. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de exposição e da dose de etanol sobre a produção de etileno, respiração, enzimas antioxidantes e conservação pós-colheita da banana ‘Prata’. Uma primeira amostra de bananas foi exposta ao vapor de etanol (100 µL) por 10,0 horas. Outra amostra de bananas foi exposta a 50, 100 e 150 µL de etanol e depois foi armazenada por 12 dias. A taxa respiratória, produção de etileno, atividades das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbato peroxidase (APX), fenilalanina amonialiase (FAL) e polifenoloxidase (PPO), características físicoquímicas e degradação, foram avaliadas. A taxa respiratória e a produção de etileno das bananas tratadas com etanol (71,13 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 e 0,009 µg C2H4 kg-1 h-1, respectivamente) foram inferiores aos frutos do controle (101,58 mg kg-1 h-1 e 0,014 µg kg-1 h-1, respectivamente), mas isso ocorreu apenas com 4 horas de exposição ao etanol, período no qual houve um pico de absorção de etanol no fruto. O etanol causou maior atividade de SOD e CAT e menor atividade da APX da casca das bananas apenas nas duas primeiras horas de exposição, mas isso não esteve relacionado com a produção de etileno ou taxa respiratória. O etanol influenciou mudanças nas atividades de PPO e FAL após o pico de sua máxima absorção pelo fruto (4 horas). Durante o armazenamento, o etanol causou diminuição da produção de etileno dos frutos, mas não houve efeito das doses. O etanol não influenciou a taxa respiratória, a conversão de açúcares, a textura e a perda de massa fresca da banana durante o armazenamento. Este estudo mostrou que o etanol tem efeito sobre o metabolismo do etileno, mas que isso não tem reflexo sobre alguns parâmetros de qualidade da banana ‘Prata’. Por outro lado, o etanol foi capaz de atrasar a degradação do fruto, e isso é vantajoso comercialmente.
72

The expression and possible role of manganese superoxide dismutase in malignant pleural mesothelioma

Kahlos, K. (Katriina) 30 September 1999 (has links)
Abstract Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important intracellular antioxidant enzyme, which has been suggested to play a role in tumour biology. In the present study, the expression and possible role of MnSOD in malignant pleural mesothelioma was investigated. Mesothelial cells in healthy visceral pleural tissue showed no MnSOD immunoreactivity in five out of six cases, whereas moderate or high immunoreactivity for MnSOD was detected in 30 out of 42 (71%) cases of mesothelioma. Only two of the 21 cases with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pleura showed moderate MnSOD immunoreactivity, the remaining 19 (90.5%) showing negative or weak reactivity (p < 0.001, by Fisher's exact test compared to mesothelioma). The immunostaining of catalase, a hydrogen peroxide scavenging antioxidant enzyme, was detectable in 27 of the 35 (77%) mesothelioma cases studied, whereas all the five samples of healthy pleural mesothelium were negative. Reactive mesothelium showed positive immunoreactivity for MnSOD and catalase, suggesting that induction of these enzymes is not specific for mesothelioma. Two continuous human mesothelioma cell lines showed higher MnSOD activity, immunoreactive protein and mRNA levels than non-malignant mesothelial cells. In addition, mesothelioma cells expressing the highest MnSOD levels had the highest levels of catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. The mitochondria of these cells expressed higher MnSOD and lower superoxide levels than non-malignant mesothelial cells. The mesothelioma cells with the highest antioxidant enzyme levels were most resistant to oxidant- and drug-induced injury and to drug-induced apoptosis compared to non-malignant mesothelial cells and mesothelioma cells with lower MnSOD and catalase levels. The extent of cell proliferation and apoptosis of mesothelioma tissue were 14.1±13.2% and 1.1±1.2%, respectively. MnSOD expression was inversely associated with cell proliferation (p = 0.02 by t-test), and a tendency for a better prognosis among patients with moderate or strong MnSOD expression was demonstrated. Patients displaying a tumour with enhanced proliferation or apoptosis had a poorer prognosis (p < 0.001 by Log Rank test). In conclusion, the MnSOD level is usually high in pleural mesothelioma, which may affect the proliferation and drug-resistance of mesothelioma cells. MnSOD immunostaining can thus possibly be used to distinguish mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma but not from reactive mesothelium.
73

The Oxidative Stress Defenses of Campylobacter jejuni

Flint, Annika January 2015 (has links)
Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. During colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, C. jejuni will be unavoidably exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the host immune system and other intestinal microbiota. Identification of defenses against ROS is therefore important for understanding how Campylobacter survives this environmental stress during infection. Construction of isogenic deletion mutants into genes encoding potential oxidative stress defense systems followed by phenotypic screening revealed genes important for oxidant defense within C. jejuni. Surprisingly, genes involved in motility were found to play an indirect role in resistance to oxidative stress. Deletion of the flagellar motor apparatus genes, motAB, resulted in increased sensitivity towards superoxide which could be restored by fumarate supplementation or tandem deletion of motAB with ccoQ (cytochrome c oxidase). This finding suggested that disruption of the proton gradient across the inner membrane resulted in increased superoxide production in non-motile flagellar mutants. Phenotypic screening of the mutant library also identified a novel gene (cj1386) specifically involved in hydrogen peroxide defense within the cell. Hydrogen peroxide detoxification within living organisms is predominantly carried out by catalase enzymes. Interestingly, cj1386 is located directly downstream from katA (catalase) in the C. jejuni genome and it was found that a ∆cj1386 mutant had reduced catalase activity relative to wild-type C. jejuni. Immunoprecipitation of KatA from ∆cj1386 revealed a significant reduction in hemin content associated with KatA suggesting a role for cj1386 in hemin trafficking to KatA. Hemin binding experiments with purified Cj1386 demonstrated the ability of Cj1386 to bind hemin with a 1:1 hemin-to-protein binding ratio. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between KatA and Cj1386. Mutagenesis of conserved amino acids in Cj1386 demonstrated that tyrosine 57 plays an important role in hemin affinity and is required for proper hemin content of KatA within the cell. Overall, this work provides a global characterization of key oxidant defenses within C. jejuni and provides one of the first studies investigating hemin trafficking to KatA.
74

Enzimas oxidativas na expressão da injúria por frio em manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Genovese em vaso na simulação do transporte / Role of oxidative enzymes on chilling injury of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Genovese grown in pots under shipping simulation

Vitor, Débora Monique 04 December 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2015-11-04T08:59:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1956350 bytes, checksum: 128b8d62d1e5f014ec31f64ba4825631 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-04T08:59:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1956350 bytes, checksum: 128b8d62d1e5f014ec31f64ba4825631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O manjericão possui diversas finalidades como culinários, medicinal, ornamental, cosméticos e possui propriedades antimicrobianas e antioxidantes. Manjericão armazenado sob temperaturas baixas podem apresentar sintomas de injúria por frio e escurecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a participação das enzimas peroxidase, catalase e polifenoloxidase no surgimento de sintomas e escurecimento provocado por baixas temperaturas causadoras de injúria por frio em manjericão cv. Genovese em vaso e avaliar as condições ótimas para a atividade da polifenol oxidase e possíveis formas de inativá-las. Na verificação do papel da peroxidase, da polifenoloxidase e da catalase no aparecimento de sintomas em manjericão, foi realizado a análise visual das folhas, extravasamento de eletrólitos, teores de clorofilas totais, análise de evolução de cor e a atividade das enzimas oxidativas. Na determinação das condições ótimas de atividade da polifenoloxidase, realizou-se a saturação dos extratos brutos das folhas com quantidades crescentes de sulfato de amônio, entre 20 e 80%. As folhas apresentaram melhor qualidade, com menor escurecimento, quando armazenadas a 10 °C, em relação aquelas a 5 °C. Houve maior extravasamento de eletrólitos em folhas de manjericão refrigeradas a 5 °C coincidindo com o maior grau de injúria por frio e a 10°C não ocorreu essa relação. Os teores de clorofilas totais, os parâmetros de cor a*, b* e Chroma foram semelhantes nas folhas refrigeradas a 5 e 10 °C. Houve perda de brilho (L) no segundo dia de avaliação nas folhas mantidas a 5 °C. O aumento da atividade da catalase coincidiu com o aumento dos sintomas de injúria por frio e foi observada relação entre a atividade da polifenoloxidase com o escurecimento do manjericão. Na peroxidase, esta relação, não foi observada. A otimização do ensaio enzimático na polifenoloxidase da folha de manjericão foi conseguida quando o extrato foi saturado de 60 a 80% com sulfato de amônio e a reação processou-se em pH 6,5 a 30 °C. O substrato que proporcionou maior oxidação pela enzima foi o catecol. Inativação da polifenoloxidase ocorreu a partir dos 80 minutos de pré-incubação do extrato em tampão com pH 2,5 a 25 °C ou após 10 minutos de exposição à 60 °C. Ácido ascórbico, ditioeitrol e L-cisteína foram os inibidores mais efetivos, levando a 100% de inibição, seguido pelo tropolone com cerca de 98% de inibição. / Role of oxidative enzymes on chilling injury of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Genovese grown in pots under shipping simulation. Sweet basil stored under low temperatures may develop chilling symptoms and darkening. The goal of this work was to evaluate the role of peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase on the development of darkening caused by chilling on cv. Genovese stored under low temperature and determine the optimal activity and inactivation of polyphenoloxidase. To evaluate the role of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and catalase it was developed visual analysis, ion leakage, chlorophylls, color and enzymes activity. To determine the optimal activity of polyphenoloxidase crude extract was saturated with 20 to 80% ammonium sulfate. Leaves showed better quality, with less darkening, when stored at 10 oC compared to those at 5 oC. There was higher ion leakage in leaves of plants stored at 5 oC, which was coincident with the more intense symptoms of chilling injury, symptom absent at 10 oC. The total chlorophyll and color paremeters a*, b* and Chrome of leaves were similar in plants stored at 5 or 10 oC. There was lost of brightness (L) at second day of storage at 5 o C. The increase in catalase activity was coincident to the elevation of chilling symptoms and it was determined positive correlation between leaf darkening and polypehnoloxidase activity. No relation was observed for peroxidase activity and development of chilling symptoms. Maximal activity of polypehnoloxidase was obtained for the farction of 60 to 80% ammonium sulfate saturation, with reaction at pH 6.5 and 30 oC. The best substrate for polyphenoloxidase activity was cathecol. Inactivation of polyphenoloxidase occurred after pre incubation in buffer at pH 2.5 at 25 o C or after 10 minutes at 60 oC. Ascorbic acid, dithiothreitol and L-cysteine were the best inhibitors of polyphenoloxidase activity, reaching 100% of inhibition, followed by 98% with tropolone.
75

Investigation of catalase and superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum

Mayer, Brian Keith January 1985 (has links)
Catalase and superoxide dismutase, but not peroxidase activity was detected in cell-free extracts of Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS). The M. scrofulaceum isolates had the highest catalase activity, while both M. avium and M. intracellulare had significantly lower activities. The percentage of catalase activity remaining, after exposing cell-free extracts from late log grown cells to 53°C for 50 minutes allowed differentiation among all three species. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude extracts demonstrated two bands of catalase activity in both M. avium and M. intracellulare extracts and four bands of activity in M. scrofulaceum extracts. These bands differed in their susceptibility to heat inactivation and inhibition by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. M. scrofulaceum strains, but not M. avium and M. intracellulare, demonstrated extracellular catalase activity. The susceptibility to H₂O₂ of 6 M. avium strains, differing in catalase activity and cell permeability, were tested. At a concentration of 0.02% H₂O₂, all M. avium strains were resistant, while differences in susceptibility were seen at 0.08% H₂O₂. Strains of low extract catalase activity and high H₂O₂ permeability were most susceptible. The superoxide dismutase activities of the MAIS strains tested were similar and no species-specific differences could be discerned. Electrophoresis of crude extracts demonstrated a single band of activity for each of the MAIS strains. Extracellular superoxide dismutase activity was detected in four of six MAIS strains. The metal type of MAIS superoxide dismutase was indirectly determined by inactivation with KCN, NaN₃ and H₂O₂. / M.S.
76

Human Hair Follicle and Epidermal Melanocytes Exhibit Striking Differences in Their Aging Profile which Involves Catalase.

Kauser, Sobia, Westgate, Gillian E., Green, M.R., Tobin, Desmond J. January 2011 (has links)
No / Canities or senile hair graying, a universally recognized sign of aging, remains unresolved in terms of physiological causes, although a strong genetic contribution is understood (Gunn et al., 2009). As the hair fiber continues to grow long after melanin production ceases, we suggest that melanocytes in the hair follicle may be more sensitive to the impact of chronological aging than are keratinocytes. Moreover, follicular melanocytes also age more markedly than those in the overlying epidermis. The hair follicle provides a unique opportunity to decouple the impact of age on two hair follicular tissue functions: hair formation and hair pigmentation. ... This study provides analysis of race, age, and anatomically matched cultures of adult human epidermal and hair follicle melanocytes (HFMs).
77

Enzimas microbianas na conversão da sacarose em frutose e ácido glicônico usando reatores descontínuo-alimentado e contínuo com membrana / Conversion of sucrose into fructose and gluconic acid by microbial enzymes using fed-batch and membrane continuous reactors

Taraboulsi Junior, Fadi Antoine 26 July 2010 (has links)
A sacarose é uma matéria-prima em franca expansão de produção no Brasil, seu maior produtor e exportador. Essa molécula pode ser convertida, através de um processo multienzimático, em produtos de maior valor agregado: frutose e ácido glicônico, os quais são importados pelo país, e amplamente utilizados em indústrias químicas, de produção de fármacos e setores alimentícios. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a hidrólise da sacarose pela invertase assim como a conversão da glicose em ácido glicônico, pela ação da glicose oxidase, ambas em processo descontínuo-alimentado. A solução de substrato (64g/L-sacarose; 32g/L-glicose) foi adicionada segundo as seguintes leis: constante, linear crescente, linear decrescente, exponencial crescente e exponencial decrescente. No caso da glicose, foi necessária a utilização de enzima auxiliar, a catalase, para degradar a água oxigenada formada durante a conversão da glicose. Mediante os resultados dos testes com os dois substratos, realizou-se teste de conversão direta da sacarose em frutose e ácido glicônico, utilizando-se invertase, glicose oxidase e catalase em regime descontínuo-alimentado, com alimentação linear decrescente (melhor resultado para ambos os substratos). No procedimento contínuo, alvo principal do trabalho, utilizou-se reator com membrana, da marca MILLIPORE ®, integrando em uma única etapa a conversão catalítica, a separação/concentração do produto e a recuperação do biocatalisador. A temperatura foi controlada por circulação de água, tendo acoplado uma bomba peristáltica (para controlar a vazão de alimentação do substrato) e um sistema de pressurização. O reator operou com membrana de ultrafiltração (corte molecular = 100 kDa) e foi mantido sob agitação constante. Os parâmetros de partida foram, a princípio, fixados de acordo com os valores otimizados no reator descontínuo-alimentado com o emprego simultâneo das enzimas. / Sucrose is a commodity largely produced in Brazil and one of the most used and commercialized product in food industry. It can be converted through a multienzyme process in fructose and gluconic acid, which have commercial values higher than sucrose. Both products are imported by Brazil, being largely employed in the chemical, food and pharmaceutical industry. This work dealt with the hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase into fructose and glucose, and the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid by glucose oxidase and catalase. Catalase was added in order to decompose the hydrogen peroxide an inhibitor of glucose oxidase formed as by-product of the oxidation. Two processes were employed. Fed-batch in which the hydrolysis and oxidation reactions were carried out separately by adding invertase followed by glucose oxidase and catalase was conducted by adding the solution of substrate according to a constant, increasing linear, decreasing linear, increasing exponential or decreasing exponential mode. The best fed-batch performance was attained through the decreasing linear addition of sucrose (64g/L) and glucose (32g/L). Setting this kind of addition and using all enzymes simultaneously, the direct conversion of sucrose to fructose and gluconic acid occurred at a yield of 72%. The continuous process was carried out in a cell-type membrane reactor (membrane cut off = 100 kDa), in which the sucrose conversion was made by using all enzymes simultaneously, leading to a final yield of about 76%
78

Enzimas microbianas na conversão da sacarose em frutose e ácido glicônico usando reatores descontínuo-alimentado e contínuo com membrana / Conversion of sucrose into fructose and gluconic acid by microbial enzymes using fed-batch and membrane continuous reactors

Fadi Antoine Taraboulsi Junior 26 July 2010 (has links)
A sacarose é uma matéria-prima em franca expansão de produção no Brasil, seu maior produtor e exportador. Essa molécula pode ser convertida, através de um processo multienzimático, em produtos de maior valor agregado: frutose e ácido glicônico, os quais são importados pelo país, e amplamente utilizados em indústrias químicas, de produção de fármacos e setores alimentícios. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a hidrólise da sacarose pela invertase assim como a conversão da glicose em ácido glicônico, pela ação da glicose oxidase, ambas em processo descontínuo-alimentado. A solução de substrato (64g/L-sacarose; 32g/L-glicose) foi adicionada segundo as seguintes leis: constante, linear crescente, linear decrescente, exponencial crescente e exponencial decrescente. No caso da glicose, foi necessária a utilização de enzima auxiliar, a catalase, para degradar a água oxigenada formada durante a conversão da glicose. Mediante os resultados dos testes com os dois substratos, realizou-se teste de conversão direta da sacarose em frutose e ácido glicônico, utilizando-se invertase, glicose oxidase e catalase em regime descontínuo-alimentado, com alimentação linear decrescente (melhor resultado para ambos os substratos). No procedimento contínuo, alvo principal do trabalho, utilizou-se reator com membrana, da marca MILLIPORE ®, integrando em uma única etapa a conversão catalítica, a separação/concentração do produto e a recuperação do biocatalisador. A temperatura foi controlada por circulação de água, tendo acoplado uma bomba peristáltica (para controlar a vazão de alimentação do substrato) e um sistema de pressurização. O reator operou com membrana de ultrafiltração (corte molecular = 100 kDa) e foi mantido sob agitação constante. Os parâmetros de partida foram, a princípio, fixados de acordo com os valores otimizados no reator descontínuo-alimentado com o emprego simultâneo das enzimas. / Sucrose is a commodity largely produced in Brazil and one of the most used and commercialized product in food industry. It can be converted through a multienzyme process in fructose and gluconic acid, which have commercial values higher than sucrose. Both products are imported by Brazil, being largely employed in the chemical, food and pharmaceutical industry. This work dealt with the hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase into fructose and glucose, and the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid by glucose oxidase and catalase. Catalase was added in order to decompose the hydrogen peroxide an inhibitor of glucose oxidase formed as by-product of the oxidation. Two processes were employed. Fed-batch in which the hydrolysis and oxidation reactions were carried out separately by adding invertase followed by glucose oxidase and catalase was conducted by adding the solution of substrate according to a constant, increasing linear, decreasing linear, increasing exponential or decreasing exponential mode. The best fed-batch performance was attained through the decreasing linear addition of sucrose (64g/L) and glucose (32g/L). Setting this kind of addition and using all enzymes simultaneously, the direct conversion of sucrose to fructose and gluconic acid occurred at a yield of 72%. The continuous process was carried out in a cell-type membrane reactor (membrane cut off = 100 kDa), in which the sucrose conversion was made by using all enzymes simultaneously, leading to a final yield of about 76%
79

Resposta antioxidante enzimática, respiratória e fisiológica do tomate-cereja (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) submetido ao choque térmico / Antioxidant enzyme answer, respiratory and physiological of tomato-cherry (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) submitted When thermal shock

Paulus, Cristiane 29 January 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Paulus.pdf: 907945 bytes, checksum: f84d9e19a342d1e11d80efa3864b0389 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Post-harvest treatments with thermal shock have been studied as an extension of alternative technical life of fruit. The beneficial effect of this technique has been related to their effects on the induction of physiological responses in protection against oxidative stress and development of pathogens. Enzymes are catalysts of the reactions occurring in biological systems. However, although the mechanisms by which post-harvest treatments induce this type of response are known in the plant organs are not clearly elucidated the mechanisms induced by postharvest heat shock that may affect the antioxidant status of treated fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat shock on postharvest cherry tomatoes conservation, mediated biochemical and physicochemical answers related to antioxidant enzyme activity, respiratory activity, phenolic compounds, ascorbic, soluble solids acid, titratable acidity , percentage of weight, firmness, skin color and degradation of the fruit. The cherry tomatoes were subjected to heat shock treatments immersed in hot water at 45 ± 2 ° C at times 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes. After treatments, fruits were divided into two groups. The first group was stored at 20 ± 2 ° C and at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days, samples were taken and subjected to color analysis, firmness, weight loss, total phenolics, total flavonoids acid ascorbic acid and total soluble solids. The second group was submitted to respiratory activity assessments, ethylene production and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, at time intervals of 0, 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours of storage at 20 ± 2 ° C. According to the results, the fruits treated with heat shock suffered greater respiratory stress from the sixth day of storage. There was no significant difference between treatments for firmness, maintaining the rigidity of the fruit even after 12 days, and all treatments exhibited fruits with greater weight loss compared to the control. The application of heat treatment did not alter the total soluble solids content to the 6th day, heat exposure times of 15 and 20 min had a greater effect on the content of phenolic compounds during storage. exposed to heat fruits expressed the higher flavonoid content than the control and showed no recovery or increase in the concentration of ascorbic acid of cherry tomatoes in response to heat shock treatments that could indicate suppressive effect to stress. Thus, despite having the ability to prolong the life of cherry tomato, reducing the loss of the fruit after storage was not favorable for their use to reduce costs to prolong their shelf life / Tratamentos pós-colheita com choque térmico têm sido estudado como técnica alternativa de extensão da vida útil de frutos. A ação benéfica dessa técnica tem sido relacionada com seus efeitos na indução de respostas fisiológicas de defesa contra estresses oxidativos e desenvolvimento de patógenos. As enzimas são os catalisadores das reações que ocorrem nos sistemas biológicos. Entretanto, embora sejam conhecidos os mecanismos pelos quais os tratamentos pós-colheita induzem este tipo de resposta nos órgãos vegetais, ainda não estão claramente elucidados os mecanismos induzidos pelo choque térmico pós-colheita que possam afetar o status antioxidante de frutos tratados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do choque térmico na conservação pós-colheita de tomates-cereja, mediada por respostas bioquímicas e físico-químicas relacionadas à atividade enzimática antioxidante, atividade respiratória, compostos fenólicos, ácido ascórbico, sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, porcentagem de massa fresca, firmeza, cor da casca e degradação dos frutos. Os tomates-cereja foram submetidos aos tratamentos de choque térmico com imersão em água quente a 45 ± 2 ºC nos tempos de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 minutos. Após os tratamentos, os frutos foram divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo foi armazenado a 20 ± 2 ºC e, em intervalos de 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias, amostras foram retiradas e submetidas a análises de cor, firmeza, perda de massa, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais, ácido ascórbico e sólidos solúveis totais. O segundo grupo foi submetido às avaliações de atividade respiratória, produção de etileno e atividade enzimática de superóxido dismutase, catalase e ascorbato peroxidase, nos intervalos de tempo de 0, 2, 6, 24 e 48 horas de armazenamento à 20 ± 2 ºC. De acordo com os resultados, os frutos tratados com o choque térmico sofreram maior estresse respiratório a partir do sexto dia de armazenamento. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para a firmeza, permanecendo a rigidez do fruto mesmo após 12º dias, e todos os tratamentos exibiram frutos com maior perda de massa, quando comparado ao controle. A aplicação dos tratamentos térmicos não alterou o teor de sólidos solúveis totais até o 6º dia, os tempos de exposição ao calor de 15 e 20 min tiveram maior efeito nos conteúdos de compostos fenólicos ao longo do armazenamento. Os frutos expostos ao calor expressaram conteúdos de flavonoides mais elevados do que o controle e não mostraram recuperação ou aumento na concentração de ácido ascórbico dos tomates-cereja em resposta aos tratamentos de choque térmico que pudessem indicar efeito supressor ao estresse. Com isso, apesar de possuir a capacidade de prolongar a vida útil do tomate-cereja, reduzindo a perda do fruto após o armazenamento, não se mostrou favorável para a sua utilização de forma a reduzir gastos para prolongar seu tempo de prateleira
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Prednisona e meloxicam no tratamento de ratos submetidos ao trauma agudo da medula espinhal / Prednisone and meloxicam in the treatment of rats submitted to compressive spinal cord injury

Aiello, Graciane 29 February 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Considering the relevance of study of traumatic spinal cord injury in humans and animals, the aim of the study was investigated the use of the prednisone and meloxicam in treatment of rats submitted the experimental model of acute spinal cord injury with 2Fr Fogarty catheter with evaluation of oxidative stress, Neurological tests and histological exam. Ninety rats were divided in six groups: GCS or saline (n=15), GCP or prednisone control (n=15), GCM or meloxicam control, GTS or trauma saline (n=15), GTP or trauma meloxicam (n=15) and GTM or trauma prednisone (n=15). Each group was divided into three subgroups according to treatment time in the postoperative period of 24h, 72h and seven days. All groups were submitted laminectomy and in the groups GTS, GTM and GTP, after exposure of the spinal cord was performed compressive spinal cord injury with 2Fr Fogarty catheter. The GCS and GTS was treated with saline (0,5ml/rat/day), GSM and GTM with meloxicam (2mg/kg/day) and GSP and GTP with prednisone (2mg/kg/dia). Neurological tests were performed (BBB, inclined plane and deep pain) 24 hours before and after surgery and repeated every 48 hours until the day of euthanasia. The parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated and performed histopathological analysis of the spinal cord. The groups GTS, GTM and GTP in the different times were no point in the BBB scale and three points in the inclined plane and absence of deep pain. GTM and GTS groups had lower catalase activity and TBARS levels when compared to the GTS and they were more evident to 72 hours postoperative period, indicating a possible antioxidant effect. In the GTS group, there was persistence of this action until the seventh day after trauma. In the histopathological exam were found Wallerian degeneration and necrosis of gray matter of intensity variation, with no significant difference between undergone to trauma. Meloxicam and prednisone can have neuroprotective and antioxidant effect, but the necrosis and Wallerian degeneration were not stop in rats submitted the acute spinal cord injury with 2Fr Fogarty catheter. / Considerando a relevância dos estudos destinados às lesões traumáticas da medula espinhal em humanos e animais, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da prednisona e meloxicam na terapia de ratos submetidos ao modelo experimental de trauma agudo da medula espinhal induzida pelo cateter de Fogarty 2Fr, mediante avaliação do perfil oxidativo, dos testes neurológicos e exame histopatológico da medula espinhal. Foram utilizados 90 ratos Wistar, distribuídos em seis grupos denominados GCS ou salina (n=15), GCP ou controle prednisona (n=15), GCM ou controle meloxicam (n=15), GTS ou trauma mais salina (n=15), GTP ou trauma mais prednisona (n=15) e GTM ou trauma mais meloxicam (n=15). Cada grupo foi redistribuído em três subgrupos de acordo com o tempo de tratamento no pós-operatório de 24h, 72h e sete dias. Todos os grupos foram submetidos à laminectomia e nos grupos GTS, GTM e GTP, após a exposição da medula espinhal, foi realizado o trauma medular compressivo utilizando o cateter Fogarty 2Fr. Os grupos GCS e GTS foram tratados com solução salina (0,5ml/rato/dia), os GSM e GTM receberam meloxicam (2mg/kg/dia) e os grupos GSP e GTP receberam prednisona (2mg/kg/dia). Foram realizados testes neurológicos (BBB, plano inclinado e percepção a dor profunda) 24 horas antes e após o procedimento cirúrgico e repetido a cada 48 horas até a realização da eutanásia, ou seja, 24h, 72h e sete dias. Foram avaliados os parâmetros do estresse oxidativo através da enzima catalase, quantificado as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e realizado exame histopatológico da medula espinhal. Os ratos dos grupos GTS, GTM e GTP e nos diferentes tempos (24h, 72h e sete dias) tiveram pontuação zero na escala BBB, ou seja, nenhum movimento observado no membro pélvico; no plano inclinado, permaneceram com pontuação 3, ou seja, em um ângulo dez graus menor que antes da cirurgia e perda da percepção da dor profunda Os grupos GTM e GTS apresentaram menor atividade da catalase e níveis de TBARS quando comparado ao grupo GTS e foi mais evidente nas primeiras 72 horas de PO, indicando um possível efeito antioxidante. No grupo GTS, houve persistência desta ação até o sétimo dia pós-trauma. No exame histopatológico da medula espinhal foi constatada degeneração Waleriana e necrose da substância cinzenta de intensidades variáveis, não apresentando diferença entre os grupos submetidos ao trauma. Conclui-se que o meloxicam e a prednisona apresentam possível efeito antioxidante e neuroprotetora, mas não impedem a necrose e a degeneração Walleriana da medula espinhal de ratos submetidos a trauma medular agudo utilizando o cateter de Fogarty 2Fr.

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