Thesis. 1979. M.Arch.A.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Constantino Barroeta H. / M.Arch.A.S.

Thesis (M.Arch.A.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 67-68. / by Farid Hussain Taheri. / M.Arch.A.S.

Thesis (M.Arch.A.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 54. / by Fernando Masaya Marotta. / M.Arch.A.S.

Thesis (M.C.P. and M. Arch)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1978. / Bibliography: leaves 330-334. / M.C.P.and M.Arch

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 92-93. / This study presents a closer look at a Muslim-built environment. It examines streets as one of the major structuring elements in a city. It traces the history and the physical development of three major streets in Medieval Cairo within the overall structure of the city at the end of each ruling dynasty. The hypothesis presented in this study is that streets in a Muslim city (Cairo) possessed some common themes and patterns that created for them a characteristic structure. The purpose of this study is to verify the existence of such a structure and to explore some of the implicit principles that may have governed its shaping The lessons learnt from the analysis of the street structure and its development, provide a better understanding of the history of a built environment and of the physical factors that shaped its urban form. Ultimately, it may be possible to generate from the study a general set of criteria ·which could identify the extent of traditionality in a given project. These rules could also assist urban designers in the formulation of design criteria extracted from the history of the built environment. / by Nezar M. Al-Sayyad. / M.S.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 189-202. / As cities grew larger and more complex at the end of the eighteenth century, they suffered new and more pressing public health problems. The responses to these problems had, in time, an effect on the environment that produced them. This thesis is an examination of the relationship between public health reforms and the urban environment. Public health reforms were stimulated by the perceived deterioration of health in the city. The nature of public health responses designed to cope with this problem was determined, in part, by medical theory, social reform movements, and the physical environment. This thesis examines the nature of these relationships, and their effect on the form of cities in America from the colonial period to the first decades of this century. Chapter one is an explanation of general problems created by the growth of cities and the consequent attempts to formulate a theory of city form. It is a general discussion of where public health ideas belong in this complex process. The subsequent chapters examine the influence of public health theory and practice on the urban environment in three different time periods. The last chapter shows how another change in public health theory resulted in the uncoupling of broad-based health concerns from urban designs, a characteristic of the twentieth century until recent years. / by Victoria Vespe Ozonoff. / M.S.

Allergic diseases affect a substantial proportion of people living in urban areas in the United States in general and in New York City (NYC) specifically. Many types of pollen are considered to be allergens, and have been linked to several manifestations of allergic disease, including allergic sensitization, exacerbation of allergic rhinitis, and exacerbation of allergic asthma. However, the role of pollen in determining temporal patterns of allergic disease is incompletely understood, and virtually nothing is known about the spatial distribution of pollen within cities and the relevance of this distribution to health. A better understanding of these relationships is especially critical as massive urban tree planting projects progress, and as the length and severity of the annual pollen season changes in response to changing temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations. The overall objective of this dissertation was to measure the spatial and temporal patterns of tree pollen in NYC and examine their associations with several allergic disease outcomes. Chapter 1 evaluates the health effects of the temporal distribution of pollen by examining the relationship between daily concentrations of several types of tree pollen measured in Armonk, NY with emergency department (ED) visits for asthma in NYC. We found that daily concentrations of four allergenic tree pollen genera were associated with a significantly increased rate of ED visits for asthma citywide. We further found that these associations were stronger in zip codes with higher tree canopy cover, suggesting that there may be spatial heterogeneity in tree pollen exposure within NYC not captured by the daily monitoring station. Chapter 2 tests the hypothesis that there is spatial variability in tree pollen within NYC by developing a novel dataset of spatial pollen measurements for the 2013 pollen season from 45 sites across NYC. These sites were co-located with an established network of air pollutant monitoring sites. Results from the 2013 monitoring campaign demonstrated substantial variability in tree pollen levels across the city. Total tree pollen deposition ranged from 2,942 grains per cm² to 17,460 grains per cm², a factor of almost six. Some individual tree pollen taxa exhibited an even greater degree of variation. We also developed a land use regression model for total tree pollen and tested the hypothesis that tree pollen influx at these sites is associated with tree canopy cover. When included alone in the model, percent tree canopy cover within a 0.5 km radial buffer of the monitoring sites explained 39% of the variance in tree pollen, while the inclusion of additional land use variables did not improve model fit. In Chapter 3, we use the land use regression model to develop tree pollen exposure estimates for children enrolled in the NYC Neighborhood Allergy and Asthma Study and evaluated whether modeled tree pollen influx for the first year of life is associated with allergic sensitization to tree pollen by age 7-8. We found that a standard deviation increase in tree pollen exposure in the first year of life was associated with a 50% increase in the prevalence of allergic sensitization to tree pollen. Furthermore, this association was stronger among children in the top 50% of black carbon exposure, suggesting that exposure to traffic-related pollutants may facilitate allergic sensitization.

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação em todas as instâncias de nosso cotidiano modificam nossa maneira de viver e pensar. A computação urbana, ubíqua, locativa, multimídia e interconectada gera grande quantidade de dados o que resulta em abundância de informação sobre quase tudo em nosso mundo. As cidades permeadas por sensores pessoais, veiculares e ambientais adquirem características sencientes. Uma cidade sensível ao cidadão pode funcionar com estratégias individualizadas para o dia a dia. A tese discute o papel das cidades na complexidade de nossas vidas, o inter-relacionamento de equipamentos físicos (hardware), modelos simbólicos (software) e padrões de uso (aplicações), e os desafios de projeto para esse ecossistema global de informação híbrida. Apresenta investigação netnográfica, por meio de estudos de caso, explorações urbanas e entrevistas, em que se pode observar nossa condição contemporânea. Concluímos com a hipótese constatada na tese, a cidade atualizada em tempo real, um ecossistema informacional urbano de novas e infinitas possibilidades de interfaces e interações. / The technologies of information and communication in all the instances of our daily life modifies the way we live and think. Urban computing, ubiquitous, locative, multimídia and interconnected, generates a large amount of data, resulting in an abundance of information on almost everything in our world. Cities permeated by personal, vehicular and environmental sensors acquire sentient characteristics. A citizen-sensitive city can work with individualized day-to-day strategies. The thesis discusses the role of cities and the complexity of our lives, the interrelationship of hardware, symbolic models and patterns of use (applications), and the design challenges to this global hybrid information ecosystem. It presents netnographic research, through case studies, urban explorations and interviews, where one can observe our presente contemporary condition. The hypothesis verified in the thesis, the city updated in real time, an urban informational ecosystem of new and infinite possibilities of interfaces and interactions.

Esta dissertação relaciona alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos ao longo dos últimos anos, em especial durante o ano de 2005. Trata-se de pinturas e fotografias que pretendem dialogar entre si a partir de um olhar sobre a cidade, sobretudo em lugares marcados por um certo abandono. São muros, vãos, fachadas, que se apresentam como testemunhos de tempos passados e sobrepostos, onde o acúmulo de matéria empresta às imagens elementos da natureza da pintura.Como se insere na linha de pesquisa Poéticas Visuais, pretende ser uma reflexão que se estabelece a partir do próprio processo de criação desses trabalhos, o que envolve necessariamente questões de caráter teórico / This dissertation relates some works produced during the last years, with especial emphasis on those from 2005. They include paintings and photographs which intend to establish a dialogue from the perspective of a look upon the city, mainly focusing places characterized by certain abandon. They are walls, facades and alleys, which appear as witnesses of overlapped past times, during which the accumulation of materials lends elements of the nature of painting to the images. Since it is inserted in the Visual Poetics branch of the research, it aims to be a reflection based on the very creation of these works, which necessarily involves theoretical issues.

Orientador: Rosío Fernández Baca Salcedo / Banca: Nilson Guiraldello / Banca: Marcelo Zarate / Resumo: A qualidade da paisagem dos espaços públicos determina os usos e a frequência dos usuários. A Rua Batista de Carvalho, localizada no centro urbano consolidado da cidade de Bauru, interior do estado de São Paulo, foi criada em 1920, passando pela configuração do Calçadão em 1992 e hoje, encontramos sua paisagem cultural em contínuo processo degradativo. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da paisagem cultural da Rua Batista de Carvalho segundo os ambientes físico, social e simbólico e suas relações. O método aplicado é o Urbanismo Dialógico, que analisa o objeto, ou a paisagem cultural da Rua Batista de Carvalho com seu contexto, o centro urbano consolidado de Bauru, e a sua própria paisagem cultural através dos seguintes cronotópos: sua gênese, a configuração da paisagem cultural do Calçadão e o atual Calçadão Batista de Carvalho segundo os ambientes físico, social e simbólico, e as relações entre os ambientes. Para conhecer os ambientes social simbólico sobre o Calçadão, foram aplicados questionários online e visitas "in sito" para o levantamento físico e reconhecimento do lugar. Resultados: no Calçadão Batista de Carvalho da cidade de Bauru, as relações sociofísicas, sociosimbólicas e físicosimbólicas são diferentes por quadra, portanto, as relações dos ambientes físico, social e simbólico são harmoniosas em algumas quadras e conflitantes em outras, assim a qualidade do espaço público não é constante ao longo da rua. / Abstract: The quality of the landscape of public spaces determines the uses and frequency of users. Batista de Carvalho Street is located in the consolidated urban center of the city of Bauru, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, was created in 1920, passing through the configuration of the Boardwalk in 1992 and today, we find its cultural landscape in continuous degradative process. In this context, the present research aims to evaluate the quality of the cultural landscape of Batista de Carvalho Street according to the physical, social and symbolic environments and their relationships. The method applied is Dialogical Urbanism, which analyzes the object or the cultural landscape of Batista de Carvalho Street with its context, the consolidated urban center of Bauru, and its own cultural landscape through the following chronotopes: its genesis, the configuration of the the cultural landscape of the Boardwalk and the current Carvalho Boardwalk according to the physical, social and symbolic environments and the relationships between the environments. In order to know the symbolic social environments on the Boardwalk, online questionnaires and "in-situ" visits were applied to the physical survey and recognition of the place. Results: in the Bauru city of Bauru, the sociophysical, socio-symbolic and physico-symbolic relations are different per block, therefore, the physical, social and symbolic relations are harmonious in some blocks and conflicting in others, thus the quality of spa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre