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This project sought to develop a system that facilitated the visual inspection of venous leg ulcers by establishing a selection of reliable parameters. The project had three principal aims: to develop a reliable method for capturing the colours exhibited by a venous leg ulcer; to establish a colour range that experienced clinicians believed represented wet necrotic tissue and erythema; and to develop software that highlighted the two manifestations in digital photographs. The project method was divided into three phases. The first phase examined images taken from twenty-two patients over forty-seven episodes of care. During each episode three sequential images were captured using a frame to control for orientation, magnification and lighting resulting in a bank of 141 images. The reliability of the system to accurately capture colour was then determined by examining the amount of colour variation recorded across the set of three images taken at each episode. The second phase asked eight experienced clinicians to examine a set of twenty photographs taken from the bank established in phase one. On each photograph the clinicians were asked to identify areas of wet necrotic tissue or erythema and outline the areas with a colour pen supplied for each manifestation. A colour range was then constructed to represent each manifestation by measuring the range, mean and standard deviation of pixels that were located within the outlined areas. The third phase developed a computerised system that used the colour range established in phase two to highlight areas of a digital image that represented either erythema or wet necrotic tissue. The validity of the highlighted areas was then tested by asking experienced clinicians to identify their level of agreement with the areas selected by the computer system. Analysis of the results from phase one indicated that the system used to record images at each episode of care provided a reliable method for maintaining consistent orientation, magnification and replication of colour. Results from phase two yielded a two distinct colour representation of erythema and wet necrotic tissue. Erythema ranged from 3600 to 3780 of hue with a mean of 369.210, and wet necrotic tissue ranged from 3670 to 3900 of hue with a mean of 387.730. Results from phase three indicated that whilst clearly delineated areas of erythema and wet necrotic tissue were visible, the validity of the representations was varied. 50 per cent of experienced clinicians agreed with the areas selected as erythema and 60 per cent agreed with the areas selected by the computer system as wet necrotic tissue. The system developed during this study for recording images of venous leg ulcers provides a reliable method for further research into the visual progression of this disease. However, the colour range identified as being representative of erythema or wet necrotic tissue and the computer system developed to highlight such areas in a digital image, requires further investigation before it is applicable to the clinical setting. The findings do however provide further insights into the varied nature of expert opinion when judging the colour of venous leg ulceration.

The main purpose of this research project was to implement a combination of computer graphics and processing to generate displays that will aid in the visualization of the colour rendering properties of a range of light sources, including the new generation of high-output LEDs (light emitting diodes) that are becoming widely adopted in general lighting service. The CIE (International Commission on Illumination) has developed a colour appearance model CIECAM02 for use in colour imaging and colour management, and this model is utilized in this work. This thesis describes the design and construction of a computer-based model that can be used as a research tool for the simulation and demonstration of the colour rendering properties of various artificial light sources. It is a comprehensive study of the colour models and measurement procedures currently in use in the lighting industry, as recommended by the CIE. This research project focused on the display of a set of surface colour patches as if they were illuminated by a specific light source, and the simultaneous display of two such sets to demonstrate the surface colour differences arising from the use of the two different light sources. A VIS (virtual imaging system) has been developed to display the colour properties of a series of test colour samples under different light sources. This thesis describes the computer models developed for the representation and display of surface colours in general, and colour rendering in particular. The designed system computes and displays the colour of each sample from a knowledge of the light-source spectrum and the spectral reflectance of each surface. It can simultaneously display the colours resulting from illumination by two different sources. In addition, the system computes the colour appearance differences for two sets of colours using the CIECAM02 colour appearance model. Subjective and objective tests were taken to validate the computed results. The VIS has been designed and implemented. It also has been tested by 21 observers and we believe that it will be a powerful research tool for the lighting industry, especially in relation to colour rendering.

This thesis explores the topic of brand distinctiveness, which involves elements of a brand that make it stand out in the minds of consumers. This thesis has shown that colour is a key element of branding that helps consumers identify a brand.

The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate accuracy and precision of the machine vision system used to calibrate a prepared environment foroptical navigation. Rotationally independent optimized colour reference labels (symbols) creates an environment. Any number of symbols can be used. A symbol carries 8–bit (0 to 255) information, which can be designed for different values by using Matlab algorithms. An optical navigation system enters into the environment and captures thesymbols. The symbols are then decoded to determine the geographical positions of the symbols from reference position of the system by using Matlab algorithms. Then, the system is moved to a known position and the same set of symbols are captured, decoded and located. The process is repeated for several positions of the system to find precision and accuracy. Finally, the results are analysed.

An experience is always in a state of becoming as you through movement and memory, perceptions and qualia assemble it into its virtual construct. Ackording to philosopher and architecture theorist Bernard Cache who dwells on Henri Bergsonsnotion of perception & memory. Even the smallest perception is itself already composed of a multitude  of vibrations. Bergson [Henri] reminds us that the simple fact of seeing a colour or hearing a sound is already an act of memory of which contracts a quantitative multitude into a quantative multiplicity. Through Bergons idea of memory & perception we realize that the ”vibrations” that Cache mentions generates a virtuality between the environment and an experiencing subject. It’s within this oscillation between present and memory that all experiencing unfolds. This virtuality is fascinating to me as an interior architect, as it suggests that the environments we build aren’t as static as one might think

This thesis studies the use of colour information for object recognition. A new representation for objects with multiple colours - the colour adjacency graph (CAG) - is proposed. Each node of the CAG represents a single chromatic component of the image defined as a set of pixels forming a unimodal cluster in the chromatic scattergram. Edges encode information about adjacency of colour components and their reflectance ratio. The CAG is related to both the histogram and region adjacency graph representations. It is shown to be preserving and combining the best features of these two approaches while avoiding their drawbacks. The proposed approach is tested on a range of difficult object recognition and localisation problems involving complex imagery of non rigid 3D objects under varied viewing conditions with excellent results.

The relationship between language and colour categorisation is explored testing the predictions of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. The basic colour terms of Turkish are investigated, with findings suggesting that the Berlin and Kay (1969) theory of universal colour term evolution might require further revisions. The maximum number allowed by the theory is exceeded by the Turkish colour term inventory, by an extra term in the blue region. This difference between Turkish and English is exploited to test the effects of linguistic categories on colour perception and cognition. Evidence is presented suggesting that some aspects of categorical colour perception may not be fixed and universal, but flexible and culture-specific. Perceived similarity of colours seems to be open to influence by a linguistic category boundary. The argument of flexibility is further investigated using a category learning paradigm. Evidence suggested that perceptual and cognitive effects of colour category boundaries might be acquired through laboratory training. Subjects judge colours to be different more accurately when they come from different categories acquired in training than when they are from the same category. Mechanisms, which may be responsible for such flexibility, are explored in relation to findings in the literature. It is argued that perception and cognition may not be distinguished from each other by clear-cut boundaries. Rather, and interaction between percepts and concepts may facilitate effects of language and learning on human colour categorisation.

O Rio Grande do Sul é um dos principais produtores de geodos de ágatas do mundo. Na região do Salto do Jacuí existe um tipo de ágata cinza, ideal para tingimento, chamada “Umbu”. Essas ágatas porosas permitem a introdução de alguns corantes em sua estrutura, tornando-as coloridas artificialmente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a colorimetria como ferramenta para o controle das cores no tingimento de ágatas. Avaliou-se a resistência da cor em função do tempo e locais de exposição para ágatas tingidas com corantes orgânicos e inorgânicos. Estudaram-se as ágatas coloridas com os seguintes corantes orgânicos: verde brilhante (verde), rodamina B (rosa), cristal violeta (roxo) e vermelho sangue (vermelho). Também se avaliaram as colorações dos seguintes procedimentos clássicos de tingimento: ferrocianeto de potássio/sulfato de ferro (azul), nitrato de ferro/calcinação (vermelho), ácido crômico/carbonato de amônio (verde) e açúcar/ácido sulfúrico (preto). O procedimento experimental consistiu em expor chapas de ágatas em três ambientes com luminosidade distintas (escuro, doméstico e ao ar livre), por um período de 30 semanas, sendo a variação da cor analisada, com um espectrofotômetro Minolta 2600 d, utilizando o sistema colorimétrico L* a* b* aliada à colorimetria diferencial.Os resultados demonstraram que a colorimetria diferencial se mostrou uma ferramenta eficiente para avaliar a perda de cor em ágatas coloridas artificialmente. Os métodos clássicos de tingimento em verde e vermelho produzem cores estáveis. Já os procedimentos clássicos para coloração azul e preto apresentam variações, podendo ser considerados fotossensíveis. Todos os corantes orgânicos estudados (anilinas) sofrem degradação pela luz. / The State of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, is one of the main world producers of geodes of agates: (a stone having a cavity lined with crystals). The gray type of agates, found in the region of Salto do Jacuí, called: “UMBÚ”, is ideal for coloring. These porous agates are suitable to some artificial colorings applications on their walls. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the measurements of agates colored by means of a colorimeter. The aging factor of colored agates with organic and inorganic dyes was evaluated. The colored agates with following organic colorings were analyzed: Brilliant green, rhodamine B (pink), crystal violet (purple), and blood red. The coloring of the following standard procedures of dyeing were also evaluated: Ferrocyanid of potassium/sulfate of iron (blue), nitrate of iron/calcinations (red), chromic acid/carbonate of ammonium (green), and sugar/sulfuric acid (black). The experimental procedures consisted of exposing agate plates in three places with distinct luminosity (dark, in door/domestic, and outdoors). The color variation was analyzed with a Minolta 2600d spectrophotometer, using the L* a* b* colorimetrical system as related to the colorimetric differential.The results have demonstrated that the colorimetric differential revealed itself as an efficient tool to evaluate the loss of artificially colored agates. The standards procedures for dyeing in green and red produce stable colors. The standard procedures, for dyeing in blue and black, offer variations, as they can be considered photosensitive. All the studied organic colorings (anilines) are degraded by the light.