Thesis (LLM.(Management and Development Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / South Africa, like many African States is faced with an increase in the unemployment rate and decrease in economic growth. In terms of Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) as amended, the people of South Africa are the owners of mineral resources such as; Platinum Group Metals, Gold, Platinum, and the State is the custodian thereof. The main problem is that the majority of black people in South Africa remain destitute and marginalized. They revolt by demanding radical socio-economic transformation and beneficiation from mineral resources, as the backbone of their survival. The government rejected nationalisation instead favouring a Mineral beneficiation strategy. In terms of Section 26 of MPRDA, the minister of mineral resources may initiate or prescribe levels of beneficiation of minerals in the Republic. The beneficiation strategy entails that the people must have control and access to their country’s mineral resources; in another context, it entails the transformation of minerals or a combination of minerals to higher value product, which can either be consumed locally or exported. Thus creating economic growth, jobs and alleviate poverty. The study examines legislation and policies that promote beneficiation of minerals and petroleum resources in the Republic. The study also deals with the importance of minerals and petroleum beneficiation as an impetus towards socio-economic transformation in the country. It utilised jurisprudence of Botswana, which has robust legislation, and strategies that promote and deliver resource beneficiation to the citizens equitably. It points out the challenges faced in the transformation of mineral resources beneficiation and legislative prospects that have been put in place to redress them. Key Words: Beneficiation legislation, Minerals resources, Socio-economic transformation and Poverty.

This is the first book on the transformations wrought by Cambodia's 2002-08 economic boom. It explores the impact of the boom on governance, economic structure, and opportunities for the poor. It provides new insights into the relationship between economic growth and political stability in post-conflict societies. It is a cross-disciplinary study involving Cambodian and foreign scholars. From 2002, Cambodia underwent a visible economic transformation driven largely by such external factors as increased Chinese demand for primary commodities and a strong international demand for Cambodian garments. Apart from dramatic rates of economic growth, the boom involved the disappearance of forests and the decline of logging, the inflow of Chinese investment and the rise of indigenous capital, and the increased significance of remittances from garment workers and labour migrants. In addition, the impact of government policies on land registration and concessions transformed relations of production and, with them, the socio-economic and political environment in rural and urban Cambodia. "Cambodia's Economic Transformation" examines the political economy of the Cambodian boom, analysing the changing structure of the economy, the relationship between state and market, and outcomes for the poor. Not least, it focuses the role of the state in facilitating and controlling the market, and the way that this has affected the life chances of the poor. In so doing, it situates Cambodian experience within key debates in the wider political economy of Eastern Asia, scrutinizing the relationship between class formation, structures of governance and resource distribution.

The thesis compares particular privatization methods in the USSR/the Russian Federation and the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic/the Czech Republic. It compares "small privatization", "big privatization" and mass privatization methods.

The aim of this thesis is to describe the economic transformation in Czech Republic in 1990-1997 with accent on difference between transformation process in Czech Republic and other transition countries. Theoretical part is based on the description of the model of centrally planned economy and transformation theory. Practical part discuss macroeconomy a microeconomy measures of economic transformation.

Today's research into entrepreneurship focuses largely on the influence of small-scale business enterpriseon regional development. How has this appeared from an historical perspective, and has small-scaleentrepreneurship been an important prerequisite of regional development? This dissertation is a casestudy and illuminates how changes in the local environment influence entrepreneurship in conjunctionwith new relationships and conditions over a protracted period of economic transformation. It analyses aninteraction between different factors at local level over a long period of time between changes ineconomic conditions and changes in the socio-cultural sphere from which the development of localentrepreneurship has benefited. In this interaction between such factors as the economic and sociocultural,new demarcation phenomena can arise in the enterprise culture. Such a demarcationphenomenon is whether the local environment in the Skellefteå region creates, to a greater extent than inother regions, a propensity to develop entrepreneurship in industrial enterprises. Norrland has often beencharacterised as a region of Sweden where lack of entrepreneurship has been considerable and animportant partial explanation of the economic problems of that province. How well does such anobservation accord with the facts, and is it the case that entrepreneurship has difficulty in developing inperipheral parts of the country because conditions are not good enough?The dissertation studies changes in business enterprise, business networks and entrepreneurship in aregion situated in the northern part of Sweden, i.e. in the Skellefteå region. The case study may beregarded as an attempt to test a thesis about how local entrepreneurship can develop in a region over aprotracted period. When the great international Boliden corporation was established in the 1930s, wasthere, either already or alongside it, a tradition of local entrepreneurship which subsequently developed inunison with the expansion of the corporation?The study shows that even at the beginning of the 1930s, there was already a more elaborateenterprise environment than was previously known, and that important changes occurred at an early stagein the entrepreneurial network which was built up in the region. What the study also shows is that theenterprise culture which developed in the Skellefteå region was largely a result of a combination ofNorrland and other entrepreneurial traditions for example from Småland. In this encounter at local levelbetween entrepreneurs from different peripheral parts of Sweden, where domestic manufactures andoccupational versatility had been prominent features, entrepreneurship did develop. The study gives aninsight into how local business networks can be changed and linked together in new constellations duringperiods of economic transformation. The results indicate that small-scale entrepreneurship is an importantprerequisite of regional development. / digitalisering@umu

The diploma thesis analyses the development of foreign trade of the Czech Republic during last two decades in the context of participation in the European economic integration. The most important economic changes in the time of transformation are described in the first chapter. The following chapters analyse in detail the territorial and commodity structure of Czech foreign trade during 90's and especially after the year 2000. The last phase deals with changes in foreign trade policy of the country after the integration to EU and their impact on trade towards particular groups of states.

This thesis aims to determine the impact of the decline of the major employers in the region Kladno on the local labour market. The work examines the development and causes of changes in unemployment in the region between years 1996 and 2014 and seeks to assess the extent to which historical burden of the region affects the current state of the labour market. For this purpose the thesis is divided into two parts. The first part, theoretical, is focused on the definition of unemployment and development of the Czech economy in economic transformation process with an emphasis on changes in employment structure. It also describes the history of the city of Kladno, Kladno's metallurgy and mining. The second part, practical, includes demographic analysis and the analysis of unemployment and labour market using data from the Czech Statistical Office, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, strategic documents of the city of Kladno and SWOT analysis. This thesis also includes interviews with experts from local institutions dealing with economic and social aspects of Kladno region, aiming to get the basic building blocks of the analysis and at the same time confirm the conclusions of this thesis.

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has attributed great importance to the development of cooperation with Russia. This thesis, first, evaluates the main developments in NATO - Russian relations since 1991. Although Moscow and the Alliance established a NATO - Russia Council (NRC) and asserted the initiation of a qualitatively new relationship, Russia still needs to fulfill some requirements for catching up the Western standards. Russia's external relations and political, economic and security factors internal to Russia will determine the future of the relationship. This thesis examines Russia's political development and transformation of its economic system, and establishes the problems in its political and economic systems. It also examines Russia's problematic external relations in the region, and their impact on the NATO - Russian relationship. It looks into Russia's National Security Concept, explores regional conflicts such as Chechnya and Georgia, and the U.S. - NATO presence in Central Asia. Then, it examines the oil and natural gas transportation problems created by the Russian monopoly, and evaluates Russian technology transfers to Iran, particularly in the nuclear sector. Consequently, it evaluates the internal and external interactions mentioned above and offers conclusions about the prospects for security and stability in Europe. / Lieutenant, Turkish Navy

This MA thesis analyses the use of autobiographical elements in animated films of contemporary female directors. The thesis employs data obtained from in-depth interviews with eight individual directors. As the main methodological tool for conducting these I used oral history. These data were further combined with the gender-specific textual analysis and interpretation of their films, regarding the main principles of animations studies. The goal was to reach a conclusion whether there is any inclination towards the use of autobiographical elements in animated films of Czech female directors. The thesis also contemplates the potential of animation studies in general and its effective use in connection with other academic disciplines. This approach leads towards obtaining findings, outreaching the mere sphere of animation and that may be enriching in the context of political-economic transformation after 1989 in Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, for example. Keywords: animated film, autobiography, animation studies, gender, political-economic transformation after 1989.

捷克斯洛伐克於一九八九年開始進行政治的民主化運動，一九九一年開始實行經濟的自由化改革，但卻由於捷克與斯洛伐克兩共和國對於國家體制及經濟改革步調無法達成共識，因此兩國於一九九三年元月一日協議分離。自此兩國乃實行不同的經濟改革策略，捷克共和國仍維持激進改革策略，而斯洛伐克共和國則改採較為漸進的改革策略。本論文即利用總體經濟政策、價格與貿易自由化政策，及私有化政策等三個主要的面向，研究捷克斯洛伐克自一九九一年至一九九二年的經改策略，以及獨立之後捷克與斯洛伐克兩國在一九九三年至一九九五年的經改策略及經濟表現，最後並提出影響兩國經濟表現差異的因素。筆者認為，影響捷克與斯洛伐克兩國解體之後經濟表現差異的因素包括：產業分布之均衡性、改革的路徑及速度、兩國間的經濟臍帶關係、國內政治的穩定度，以及外部影響等因素所影響。 / Czechoslovakia began political democratization from 1989 and economic liberation from 1991. However, Czech and Slovak Republics have different opinions in national regime and the path of economic reform, so they made divorce on first of January 1993. From now on, they have been taking distinct projects. Czech Republic remains its shake reform, but Slovakia Republic changes into gradual reform. This thesis researches the economic transformation in Czech and Slovak Republic from 1991 to 1992, so does in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic from 1993 to 1995 by three aspects of macroeconomic policy, price and trade liberation, and privatization. In the end, I try to find out why the different effects of the two countries are. I think, the causes of the different performance are the equilibrium of industries, the path and the speed of reform, the relation of the two nations, the stable of politics and outside influence.