This thesis is a defense of the Content View on perceptual experience, of the idea that our perceptual experiences represent the world as being a certain way and so have representational content. Three main issues are addressed in this work. Firstly, I try to show that the Content View fits very well both with the logical behaviour of ordinary ascriptions of seeing-episodes and related experiential episodes, and with our pretheoretical intuitions about what perceiving and experiencing ultimately are: that preliminary analysis speaks for the prima facie plausibility of such a view. Secondly, I put forward a detailed account of perceptual episodes in semantic terms, by articulating and arguing for a specific version of the Content View. I provide arguments for the following theses: Perceptual content is two-layered so it involves an iconic level and a discrete or proto-propositional level (which roughly maps the seeing-as ascriptions in ordinary practices). Perceptual content is singular and object-dependent or de re, so it includes environmental objects as its semantic constituents. The phenomenal character of perceptual experience is co-determined by the represented properties together with the Mode (ex. Visual Mode), but not by the perceived objects: that is what I call an impure representationalism. Perceptual content is 'Russellian': it consists of worldly objects, properties and relations. Both perceptual content and phenomenal character are 'wide' or determined by environmental factors, thus there is no Fregean, narrow perceptual content. Thirdly, I show that such a version of the Content View can cope with the objections which are typically moved against the Content View as such by the advocates of (anti-intentionalist versions of) disjunctivism. I myself put forward a moderately disjunctivist version of the Content View, according to which perceptual relations (illusory or veridical) must be told apart from hallucinations as mental states of a different kind. Such a disjunctivism is 'moderate' insofar as it allows genuinely relational perceptual experiences and hallucinations to share a positive phenomenal character, contrary to what Radical Disjunctivism cum Naïve Realism holds. Showing that the Content View vindicates our pre-theoretical intuitions and does justice of our ordinary ascriptive practices, articulating a detailed and argued version of the Content View, and showing that such a version is not vulnerable to the standard objections recently moved to the Content View by the disjunctive part, all that can be considered as a big, multifaceted Argument for the Content View.

The purpose of this study is to explore the diverse ways that aesthetic experience is tested by participatory art. The study will show the part played by participatory action in changing the conditions in which aesthetic experience arises. It will be confirmed that when the philosophy of action is taken into account then explanations of participatory art are enhanced. There are many descriptions of aesthetic experience and it is generally assumed to be a cornerstone in explanations of art. In one of the leading accounts aesthetic experience is associated with disinterested perceptions where the individual is free of any practical concern for the object of experience. In recent explanations of contemporary art there is less emphasis on aesthetic experience and there is a tendency to suggest that background knowledge and interpretation are equally as significant as perception in the experience of art. ‘Participatory art’ is a category of art that explicitly demonstrates this state of affairs. In contemporary criticism participatory art is a term used to describe art that favours an audience composed of active contributors rather than detached viewers. These are artworks that encourage moments of engagement by an audience such as the moving of elements in the work or the movement of the participant’s body. It could be said that the observable actions of participants mediate between perception and knowledge in participatory art. Such work opens up a space where assumptions made about the experience of art can be challenged. The present study explores how aesthetic experience is affected by the introduction of human action in participatory art by exploring three exhibitions of participatory art at The Tate Modern, The Barbican and Dundee Contemporary Arts. In this study it is suggested that participation in such artwork may be a consequence of deliberation, spontaneity or may take place within a social group. Therefore the aesthetic experiences and actions that are identified in these artworks are examined from the standpoint of reason, the body and social convention through the respective adoption of analytical, phenomenological and institutional/sociological perspectives.

Background: Depression is a very common disease and is caused both by the biological, physical, and psychosocial factors. At least 25 percent of women and 15 percent of all men are affected at some point in their lives. As a nurse, it is important to be aware of women's experience of depression to meet their needs for care. Aim: To illuminate women's experience of depression in order to better understand their needs for care. Method: Literature review in which ten scientific studies were analyzed and thematised. Eight qualitative studies and two studies of qualitative and quantitative method was retrieved from the database CINAHL Complete and PsycINFO. Keywords depression, women’s experience, experience of depression, female, nursing, major depression, women och social interaction were used. The theoretical framework used is Phil Barker's Tidal Model. Results: The results were presented in two main themes and five subthemes. First experiences of depression with subthemes physical and psychological symptoms, perceptions about the underlying causes and triggers, experiences of shame and guilt. Then the second main theme handling of his situation with subthemes experiences of isolation and loneliness and experiences of self-care. Discussions: The results discussed in the discussion of the result based on the findings Phil Barker's Tidal Model and also additional scientific articles, with the aim to deepening the understanding of the results. It is discussed that the nurse has an important role in responding to women who suffer from depression. When women feel that they are understood, they can more easily manage their situation and the prospects of recovery increases.

Perceptual experience seems to relate us not only to non-temporal features of objects such as colors and shapes, but also to certain temporal properties such as succession and duration, as well as to the sensible properties of temporally extended events such as movements and other kinds of change. But can such properties really be represented in experience itself, and if so, what does this tell us about the nature of experience? Different theories of time consciousness answer this question in different ways. Atomists deny that experience represents temporal properties and maintain instead that in experience we only represent non-temporal properties, "snapshots" of the world. Retentionalists maintain that, while experiences may be instantaneous mental states, they simultaneously represent temporally extended periods of time, while extensionalists claim that experiences themselves extend in time, either only for very short periods or over whole streams of consciousness. I articulate and defend a version of the latter view, which I call 'simple extensionalism', lay out its ontological foundations, and argue that it accounts for the temporal phenomena of perceptual experience better than its rivals. / text

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Den förväntan en gäst har på en måltidsupplevelse är central i arbetet med att skapa extraordinära måltidssituationer. I studien har de faktorer som skapar förväntan på en måltidsupplevelse sökts fram och dess påverkan på skapandet av förväntan studerats. Uppsatsens syftet var att undersöka hur rummet kan påverka gästens förväntningar och upplevelser i en måltidssituation. Studien grundar sig på fakta hämtat ur granskade, publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar som sökts fram med hjälp av centrala, det vill säga relevanta och viktiga, sökord ur databasen FSTA. Resultatet visade att den förväntan en gäst har på en måltidsupplevelse skapas och baseras på ett flertal olika faktorer. Dessa faktorer är bland annat det omgivande rummet med dess design, dukning och inredning, den yttre miljön, den marknadsföring och information som getts, personal och bemötande samt den sociala interaktionen i samband med måltiden. Egen empiri och förförståelse utifrån liknande, tidigare upplevelser bidrar också till att skapa en förväntan på den upplevelse som skall komma att konsumeras. Vikten av att den förväntan gästen har på en måltidsupplevelse överensstämmer med eller ännu hellre överträffas av den upplevelse som erbjuds är central för uppfattningen om upplevelsen. Dock är det av lika stor vikt att alla delar av upplevelsen håller samma nivå för att upplevelsen av måltiden skall bli komplett / B-uppsatser

Relatively little research exists on the life significance of outdoor education (OE) programs and courses. There is increasing interest in the OE field to move beyond simply focusing on program-specific outcomes to developing more evidence-based models that analyze the influence of specific mechanisms of change. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the significant life effect of a university OE course upon participants after the course, including the effect of the course upon participants’ intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental relationships. The present investigation was a two part qualitative-quantitative study. The overarching research question was: What is the perceived life significance of a university undergraduate OE course? The current study involved in-depth interviews with a purposive intensity sample of 17 University of Ottawa alumni who had taken one of the university’s OE courses more than 20 years ago, followed by a web-based survey questionnaire completed by 46 University of Ottawa alumni and students who had taken one of the university’s OE courses between 1975 and 2009. Some of the survey participants had taken both the summer and winter OE courses offered by the University of Ottawa so there was a total of 65 separate course responses in the quantitative study. The findings from this study suggested that the OE course led to development of interpersonal skills, self-discovery, environmental impacts, leisure style change, and increased outdoor knowledge and skills amongst the participants. The idea that this outdoor knowledge and skills was transferred to others (e.g., students and children) also emerged from the data. In addition, in some instances participants expressed the idea that the OE course helped confirm or reinforce already-held beliefs about the outdoors. It is hopeful that the current findings can contribute to OE professional practice and demonstrate the need for OE in university settings.

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There is evidence that older Canadians have a higher incidence of presenting to the emergency department (ED) than any other age group. These visits may be made more complex if individuals are also cognitively impaired or have dementia. The purpose of this study was to explore ED nurses’ experiences of caring for adults with dementia in the ED. Using an interpretive descriptive approach, 12 registered nurses working in different EDs in an urban setting in Western Canada were interviewed about these experiences. Using the thematic analysis process described by Braun and Clarke, four themes were identified: 1) not a priority; 2) not the right place; 3) get them in, get them out; and 4) getting it wrong. The nurses identified that challenges in the care of persons with dementia in the ED are created by the fast-paced and chaotic environment of the ED, staffing, issues with disposition, and safety concerns. Suggestions for improving the care of persons with dementia were provided by the nurses. / October 2016