The Great War was unprecedented both in its devastation and in the significance people attached to it, which this dissertation contends led to a crisis of representation that manifested in literary tropes and discourses of sterility. Some authors used sterility to represent the war as a cultural and historical apocalypse, others as a basis for questioning how literature, Western civilization, and humanity itself could continue after such a catastrophe. "Static Chaos" theorizes how thematic renderings of sterility work alongside modernist formal experimentation to sever reproductive literary traditions. The widespread instances of sterility reveal the deep effects of the war on non-combatants as well as combatants, as demonstrated through analysis of novels by a diverse group of authors from Britain and United States--Rebecca West, Willa Cather, Ernest Hemingway, Claude McKay, and Ford Madox Ford. The study moves chronologically yet it also follows a narrative logic of thwarted human sexual experience beginning with novels focused upon problematic virginity, then those depicting the inability or unwillingness to procreate, and then one preoccupied with pregnancy overshadowed by illegitimacy and stillbirth. This dissertation draws upon trauma theory and grief and mourning theory, which reveal how, in addition to individual experiences of psychological trauma, the war disabled traditional means of coping, leading to a widespread inability to mourn that was traumatizing in itself. I name this state "traumatic grief" and argue that its pervasiveness led authors to break with a longstanding interconnection between making war and making babies. "Static Chaos" also expands theories that diagnose narrative's mimetic relationship to human sexual intercourse and sexuality, particularly those of Judith Roof and Lee Edelman who assert narrative's heterosexuality based on its traditional logic of continuation. I argue that post-war formal experimentation in modernist literature renders narrative metaphorically sterile by disrupting reproductive traditions and conventions. These formal components include generic manipulation, representations of inversion and paradox, ambiguous or inconclusive endings, and parodic or circular plot structures. Together with themes of sterility, these formal elements work to depict the post-war world as fixed in a barren wasteland, trapped in static chaos.

Thesis advisor: Sara Moorman / With the increasing digitalization of society, the line between private and public has blurred. Social network sites (SNSs) like Facebook and Instagram facilitate such a process, with users utilizing the sites for public displays of private emotions or events. What was once intimate conversation between two individuals or personal experience shared only with those in one’s physical company have become public conversations and shared experiences for networks of Friends and Followers to comment on, like, share, and survey. Consequently, social media has allowed for heightened expressions of grief, a formerly private experience, online through the use of images, words, and reactions. The current study uses survey and interview data to understand who uses social media to grieve the loss of a family member (a particularly private loss), why an individual might do this, and how such posting influences the grieving process for the social media user. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Vivências de perda e luto de idosos residentes em uma instituição asilar de longa permanência em Ribeirão Preto-SP. 2008. 64f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto/USP, Ribeirão Preto, 2008. A institucionalização acarreta perdas ao idoso que devem ser elaboradas por um processo de luto, de caráter patológico quando insatisfatório, sendo, certamente, a maior causa de depressão na idade avançada. Idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência apresentam uma multiplicidade de perdas. O presente estudo objetivou investigar situações de perda e luto de idosos institucionalizados. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo; descritivo e exploratório. Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, capacidade de entendimento e comunicação verbal e concordância com o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com seis idosos, que foram gravadas em fita cassete e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Foram elaboradas três categorias: perda por morte, perda por separação e outras perdas; sendo a perda por separação dividida em três subcategorias: separação conjugal, separação da família e separação de companheiros da instituição. A morte de pessoas queridas aproxima o idoso de sua própria mortalidade dificultando o processo de luto; porém, a separação é muito mais difícil de ser elaborada por ser uma perda entre vivos, com possibilidade de se perder o significado da vida junto com o outro. Assim, a separação pode ser mais temida que a própria morte. Considera-se, portanto, que é fundamental aos cuidadores asilares conhecer as diversas situações de perdas e luto do idoso institucionalizado, a fim de auxiliá-lo em seu processo de enfrentamento, fornecendo subsídios para que o asilamento não seja vivenciado como uma experiência desagradável. / For the elderly, life in a nursing home may result in a multitude of losses which must be addressed by the individual through the process of grief. This process, when pathologic, may not be sufficient, becoming a major catalyst for depression among seniors. The objective of this study was to investigate situations of loss and grief among institutionalized seniors. It is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. Including criteria: individuals 60 years or older who had the ability to comunicate and understand, agreeing with the Consent Term. Half-structured interviews conducted with six people were recorded and submitted to \"contents analysis\" (Minayo\'s method). Three categories of emotional loss were created: loss by death, loss by separation and other losses. Loss by separation was further divided into three subcategories: marriage separation, family separation and separation of peers living in the nursing home. The death of a loved one reminds the elderly individual of his/her own mortality, complicating the process of mourning. Separation, however, is much more difficult to overcome because there is a loss among the living, with the possibility to lose the meaning of life with the other one. Therefore, separation may cause more fear than death itself. Finally, understanding loss and grief among the elderly people is fundamental for nursing care, in order to help them with the process of coping and to prevent institutionalization to become an unpleasant experience.

Background: Suicide is a common cause of death and mental illness is the main reason why someone decides to end their life. Many family members are left in sorrow after these dramatic changes. Research shows that people who have lost a relative in suicide are more likely to become depressed. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe how relatives experience losing a relative to suicide. Method: A literature-based study was used to investigate how relatives experience losing a relative to suicide. The results were analyzed by using a qualitative content analysis comprising five steps. The analysis resulted in three themes and eight subthemes. Results: The result showed that the initial response to the suicide is shock and confusion. They experienced a hard time understanding what have happened and needed support to cope. Society's stigmatization made it hard to move on. Finally they have to accept the unacceptable in order to continue their lives. Conclusion: The relatives got into a traumatic crisis when they first heard of the suicide. They experienced problems with their mental- and psychical health. They need a lot of support to find strategies for managing their grief. Nurses play a major role in helping them in their grief, giving them comfort and finding professional support. / Suicid är en vanlig dödsorsak i Sverige. Beskedet om att någon valt att ta sitt liv kommer ofta plötsligt och utan förvarning. Här lämnas en stor andel närstående såsom familj, vänner och kollegor som ofta är oförstående för vad som inträffat och oförmögna att hantera beskedet. Examensarbetet fokuserar på vad som händer med de som lämnas kvar efter att någon de älskat valt att ta sitt liv. Vid ett vanligt dödsfall så sker det ofta mer odramatisk och det kanske är förväntat att personen ska dö. När en anhörig begår en suicidhandling blir den drabbade närstående kvar med ilska, skuld och frågor som inte kan bevaras. Självmordet kan ske på dramatiska sätt som innebär en svårare sorgehantering för de som efterlämnas. Risken för att drabbas av psykisk ohälsa är större för de som upplevt ett trauma och för att förebygga ett lidande hos de närstående behöver sjukvården fånga upp dem och ge dem de verktyg de behöver för att bearbeta sin sorg. Examensarbetet baseras på 10 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar, där författarna till studien plockat ut fynd i resultatet för att belysa studiens syfte som är att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av att förlorat en anhörig i suicid.  I resultatet framkommer det att de närstående går igenom en traumatisk kris, upplever stigmatisering från samhället och att det har ett stort behov av support. Genom denna studie kan sjuksköterskor få en större insikt för hur närstående upplever förlusten av en anhörig genom suicid och med hjälp av det lära sig mer om krishanteringen för att kunna bemöta den patientgruppen genom att ge tröst och lindra lidanden.

No description available.

In Athens in the early 5th century BCE, a new genre of funerary vase, the white-ground lêkythos, appeared and quickly grew to be the most popular grave gift for nearly a century. These particular vases, along with their relatively delicate style of painting, ushered in a new funerary scene par excellence, which highlighted the sorrow of the living and the merits of the deceased by focusing on personal moments of grief in the presence of a grave. Earlier Attic funerary imagery tended to focus on crowded prothesis scenes where mourners announced their grief and honored the dead through exaggerated, violent and frenzied gestures. The scenes on white-ground lêkythoi accomplished the same ends through new means, namely by focusing on individual mourners and the emotional ways that mourners privately nourished the deceased and their memory. Such scenes combine ritual activity (i.e. dedicating gifts, decorating the grave, pouring libations) with emotional expressions of sadness, which make them more vivid and relatable. The nuances in the characteristics of the mourners indicate a new interest in adding an individual touch to the expression, which might “speak” to a particular moment or variety of sadness that might relate to a potential consumer. To facilitate a meaningful discussion of the range of ways that white-ground painters articulated grief and lament in their vases, the dissertation is divided into six chapters, each of which concentrates on a particular type of mourner: women, men, elderly men, infants, vocal visitors and the deceased. Discussing the visual iconography across these different groups demonstrates that the shared and individual, public and private, intentional and candid aspects of grief and mourning can be shown simultaneously and that it was of interest to the Athenians to look at images that incorporated all of these aspects.

Counterplay is a way of playing digital games that opposes the encoded algorithms that define their appropriate use and interaction. Counterplay is often manifested within the social arena as practices such as the creation of incendiary user generated content, grief-play, cheating, glitching, modding, and hacking. It is deemed damaging to normative play values, to the experience of play, and detrimental to the viability of videogames as mainstream entertainment products. Counterplay is often framed through the rhetoric of transgression as pathogen, as a hostile, infectious, threatening act. Those found conducting it are subject to a range of punishments ranging from expulsion from videogames to criminal conviction. Despite the steps taken to manage counterplay, it occurs frequently within contemporary videogames causing significant disruption to play and necessitating costly remedy. This thesis argues that counterplay should be understood as a practice with its own pleasures and justifying rhetorics that problematise the rhetoric of pathogen and attenuate the threat of penalty. Despite the social and economic significance of counterplay upon contemporary videogames, relatively little is known of the practices conducted by counterplayers, their motivations, or the rhetorics that they deploy to justify and contextualise their actions. Through the use of ethnographic approaches, including interview and participant observation, alongside the identification and application of five popular rhetorics of transgression, this study aims to expose the meanings and complexities of contemporary counterplay. It examines counterplayer testimonies that articulate the practices and rhetorics underpinning the creation of incendiary user generated content, grief play, glitching, modding, and hacking on the Xbox 360 platform in particular. This study represents a contribution to the field of game studies in an area so far underresearched, offering voice to a previously silent demographic, that of counterplayers. In focussing upon their practices, communities and motivations, this study challenges the framing of counterplay as reductively oppositional or hostile. Instead, counterplay is shown to be an act of seduction, a means of articulating identity, status and recognition, as an expression of hacker ideology, and as a re-engagement with the carnivalesque. These meanings, in addition to the rhetoric of pathogen, offer an expanded image of counterplay and the counterplayer that highlights the significance of counterplay within the context of contemporary popular and youth culture.

This collection represents work produced between September 2015 and April 2017. A phantom limb is characterized not by what is absent but by the wound that created its loss--the haunting of a pain, and the confusion caused by its non-presence. These poems shift and shutter around their phantom limbs, tracking the wounds split open by grief, the physicality of time’s passing, and the mind’s inability to reconcile its own impermanence. The poems hope to resist the lyric while simultaneously imploding form, confronting the mind’s relationship with the natural and digital worlds it inhabits and is informed by. Celestial bodies and human bodies share a panic of impermanence here––time is as unknowable but also as physical as star stuff. In their disfluencies and insistences grappling toward some kind of "feeling," these poems investigate what it means to live and survive a life characterized by loss in its various shapes and forms.

This study sought to explore the lived experience of the bereaved-by-suicide and to provide a detailed description of their experience with the loss of a loved one. The study participants were 12 bereaved-by-suicide individuals between the ages of 21 and 65 who had experienced the loss of a loved one by suicide two or more years before the interviews. The research question was made up of three parts, "How do the bereaved-by-suicide describe their grief in personal, practical, and existential terms?" The theoretical framework for the study was derived from Neimeyer's meaning reconstruction theory. Data were collected via individual interview and coded according to the themes acquired from the study participants. The primary themes of grief that emerged from their narratives included the following: (a) the initial shock, (b) episodes of anger, (c) feeling a sense of loss, (d) living in a world of grief, (e) inability to trust and the resulting isolation, (f) thoughts on life after death, (g) preparing to say good-bye, and (h) building stronger relationships. The research confirmed the overwhelming effect of suicide on those bereaved; their daily lives were disrupted, and there was a higher risk of mental instability even two or more years after the suicide. The broader implications of these findings pertain to developing strategies to increase social awareness about the grief experienced by the bereaved-by-suicide, despite the person's efforts to appear strong and hide their grief and fears. The results of this study may add to the current research and can contribute to bringing about social change in development of prevention programs, enhancements in bereavement training, support group development, and in how the bereaved-by-suicide are viewed.