Abstract Purpose – To study the possibility of using a NIR hardware solution to photograph individuals in a private vehicle as well as an analysis of its images. Method – A study of existing theories around the NIR-method’s performance in selected conditions and individual tests were performed to examine if the literature statements were valid for this study. Two empirical tests have been carried out, the first was carried out at Kapsch test track and the other outside the test track in a single stationary test. An interview which formed the basis for the assessment on the quality of empirical data with a focus on computer-based detection of the number of individuals in the vehicle. Findings – The results have demonstrated the potential of the NIR method’s performance in a fully automated detection system for the number of individuals inside the vehicle. Empirical data indicates that the method can depict individuals inside vehicles of sufficiently high quality, but it is greatly affected by reflections, weather and light conditions. Implications – Result supports the assumption that the NIR method using an external light source can be used to image the interior through a varying number of weather and lightning conditions. The study originated until the results suggested that a NIR-based hardware setup can create images with high enough quality for the human eye to be able to detect the number of individuals inside the vehicle.If the overall performance into account, it suggests that the main problem with the use of the hardware set is to maintain the quality of the whole sample and that the crucial variables for the method’s performance is the influence of light and reflection conditions. Limitations – The major limitations have been that we limited ourselves to a subjective analysis of the selection and assessment on the image features for computer-based detection of the number of individuals in the vehicle. We were limited to two tests, one in tough conditions where only the driver was in the vehicle and the second stationary test, where the focus was on the number of people in vehicles and light sources impact on the result.

This project has been made in cooperation with Stora Enso Research Centre Falun (Research). Thebackground of the project is that Research has customers who demand a method to measure the quantityof varnish online in offset printing. The aim with the project is to investigate if any test method correlateswith the quantity of varnish and to improve the understanding of the variables in the varnishingunit. The goal with the project is to develop a functional method. Two printing trials have beenperformed. The aim with the first trial was to investigate how different factors in the printer influencedthe quantity of varnish using reduced factoranalysis. The aim of the second trial was to analyse onlya reduced numbers of factors in the varnishing unit. The methods that were used to measure the varnishingquantity are weighing, IR-analysis, gloss, whiteness and brightness. Results from the projectshow that the weighing method does not work in this study due to basis weight variations of the sheets.The results from weighing did not agree with the results from the other methods. On the other handthere is a strong correation between the IR- and the glossmethods.

An infrared active polyatomic molecule has several vibrational modes, each of which has a characteristic frequency. If the molecule is trapped in a matrix of perturbing atoms, those vibrational frequencies will shift, and if the vibrational mode is degenerate, the perturbation may lift the degeneracy. Such shifts and splitting are due to the dependence of the chromophore/matrix-atom interaction potential on the internal vibrational motion of the chromophore. Applying a previously-developed model for the shifting and splitting of the triply degenerate <em>&nu;</em>₃ mode of SF₆ perturbed by a rare gas atom, we use Monte Carlo simulations to sample the accessible equilibrium configurations of the system and to predict the associated thermally averaged perturbed IR spectra. Since the experimental spectrum has 10 peaks while the triply degenerate <em>&nu;</em>₃ mode of SF₆ in a particular environment could have at most 3 peaks, the observed spectrum must be a combination of spectra for SF₆ trapped in different types of lattice sites. A fit to experiment of simulated spectra generated from a family of lattice sites is then used to identify the peaks in the experimental spectrum, determine the relative importance of the various lattice sites, and semi-quantitatively reproduce the experimental spectrum.

Methyl iodide photolysis has drawn considerable attention over the past years as an ¡§instantaneous¡¨ pseudo-linear dissociation that may be described by a two dimensional potential energy surface. Single photon excitation in methyl iodide results in a direct rupture of the C-I bound, and the dissociation occurs in 〜0.1 ps. The &#x00C3;-band photodissocation of methyl iodide yields ground state methyl radicals [CH3 X(2A2˝)] and either ground state iodine atoms [(2P3/2)I¡ÝI] or spin-orbit excited iodine atoms [(2P1/2)I¡ÝI*] . In the present work, we used the IR emission technique to study the kinetics of CH3I photolysis. The intensity of 1.315 £gm infrared fluorescence from I* (2P1/2) is detected and analyzed. We have studied the influences on I* emissions by a variety of quenchers. Their roles in additional reactions and the quenching mechanism were reported.

Infrared target tracking devices (called IR seeker) are important part of the heat seeking missiles. They are based on a simply principle that heat produced by the operation of each machine emits strong infrared radiation. Take an aircraft for an example, an exhaust of the combustion engines produce much heat. The IR radiation is then detected and processed by the IR seeker which then guides the missile to the desired target. There are many kinds of IR seeker. In this thesis we focus on ¡§reticle¡¨ and ¡§image¡¨ types of IR seekers. In the early 1950s, the IR technology is limited to a single detector. To be able to locate the target, a rotating reticle was placed before the detector. The pattern on the reticle introduces a specific modulation onto the output signals of the IR seeker thus giving the missile the equivalent of an IR eye. This is the built-in feature of the familiar sidewinder heat seeking missiles. In recent years, technology has greatly improved. The so called ¡§image¡¨ IR seeker uses a focal plane arrays (FPA), similar to the charge coupled device (CCD) of digital camera, to capture the IR image generated from the target. These high definition images are then processed by the computer and help the missile to track its targets. We studied both types of IR seekers and developed approximation methods to generate IR signatures as well as algorithms to locate and identify the target. The ¡§image seeker¡¨ is technologically more advanced and can detect and track several targets simultaneously. Its inversion methods are however, simpler and easier to implement. From the simulation results, we can correctly locate of the target position. Due to the limited input information, more elaborate efforts are needed for the ¡§reticle seekers¡¨ because different reticle have different characteristics and need to be handled differently. To speed up the calculation, we use 2-D Fast Fourier transform of the reticle pattern and IR images of the target for both generation of detector waveforms and for target location. The overall results are satisfactory and meet the IR seeker simulator¡¦s requirements.

Viena iš paskutiniųjų tarptautinės baudžiamosios justicijos naujovių yra mišriųjų ir specialiųjų karo tribunolų kūrimas. Šis naujasis „trečios kartos“ teisingumo modelis buvo sukurtas po to, kai XX a. dešimtame dešimtmetyje pasirodė JT ST įsteigti TBTJ ir TBTR. Beje, prieš įsteigiant mišriuosius ir specialiuosius karo tribunolus, tarptautinėje baudžiamojoje justicijoje buvo sukurta nauja nuolatinio pobūdžio tarptautinė teisminė institucija –TBT. Mišriųjų ir specialiųjų karo tribunolų modelis pirmą kartą pritaikytas pokonfliktinėse valstybėse, kuriose buvo ieškoma optimalių būdų, kaip patraukti atsakomybėn asmenis, įvykdžiusius karo nusikaltimus, genocidą, kankinimą ir nusikaltimus žmoniškumui. Mišrieji karo tribunolai, pasižymintys sandaros, jurisdikcijos ir steigimo proceso mišrumu, buvo įsteigti Siera Leonėje, Rytų Timore ir Kambodžoje. Tuo tarpu specialiojo karo tribunolo modelis, kuriam, priešingai nei mišriesiems karo tribunolams, nėra būdingas tarptautinis elementas, buvo suformuotas Irake. Atkreiptinas dėmesys, kad mišrieji ir specialieji karo tribunolai „dalinasi“ dvi jurisdikcijos rūšis – konkuruojančią ir išimtinę. Siera Leonės karo tribunolas, kurio statutas įtvirtina „grynosios“ konkuruojančios jurisdikcijos rūšį, nagrinėja nusikaltimus, už kuriuos asmenis atsakomybėn gali traukti ir nacionaliniai teismai. Kilus nacionalinio teismo ir Siera Leonės tribunolo jurisdikcijos „konfliktui“, pirmumas vykdyti baudžiamąjį persekiojimą suteikiamas karo tribunolui... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / During the late 1990s and 2000s a “third-generation” of international criminal tribunals emerged, drawing on the heritage of the first generation tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo, and the second generation of ad hoc tribunals with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. These third generation courts have been called mixed and special war tribunals and were applied in the post-conflict countries in order to adjudicate the perpetrators who bear the greatest responsibility for committing war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. The model of mixed war tribunals is characterized by a mix of national and international components such as composition of judges, jurisdiction and a process of creation. Whereas special criminal tribunals are purely domestic ones and with the exception of jurisdiction they do not posses any international element. Currently, the term mixed is used to indicate three jurisdictions created between 1999 and 2001 in East Timor (the Serious Crimes Panels of the District Court of Dili), Sierra Leone (the Special Court for Sierra Leone) and Cambodia (the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia). While the description of the special criminal tribunal could be attributed to the Te Iraqi Higher Criminal Court. Mixed and special war tribunals share two types of jurisdiction – concurrent and exclusive. Special Court for Sierra Leone, which is of pure concurrent jurisdiction... [to full text]

SANTRAUKA Baudžiamajame procese labai svarbi kaltinimo funkcija, kurios metu įrodinėjama, kad nusikalstamos veikos padarymu kaltinamas asmuo yra kaltas. Paprastai kaltinti nusikalstamas veikas padariusius asmenis yra valstybės pareiga. Konkrečiai šią pareigą vykdyti pavesta prokurorui. Tačiau daugelio užsienio valstybių baudžiamojo proceso įstatymai įtvirtina ir privataus kaltinimo institutą, kuris taikomas mažiau pavojingoms nusikalstamoms veikoms. Ne išimtis ir Lietuva. Lietuvoje privatus kaltinimas nėra naujas dalykas, tačiau priėmus naująjį baudžiamojo proceso kodeksą jis šiek tiek pasikeitė. Nors privatus kaltinimas yra svarbus baudžiamajame procese, Lietuvos autoriai jo analizei neskyrė didesnio dėmesio. Dar mažiau Lietuvoje yra nagrinėtas privataus ir valstybinio kaltinimo santykis, kuris baudžiamosiose bylose yra labai svarbus. Būtent šis santykis ir nagrinėjamas šiame darbe. Darbą sudaro keturi skyriai, kurie skirstomi į poskyrius. Pirmasis ir antrasis skyriai skirti pateikti privataus ir valstybinio kaltinimų sampratas, atskleisti pagrindinius jų požymius bei skirtumus. Trečiasis skyrius sudaro didžiąją darbo dalį, nes jame plačiai aptariamas privataus ir valstybinio kaltinimo santykis. Šį skyrių sudaro penki poskyriai, kuriuose atitinkamai analizuojamas įrodinėjimo procesas, perėjimo iš privataus kaltinimo į valstybinį galimi atvejai, taip pat analizuojamas bylų nagrinėjimo procesas pirmosios instancijos teisme. Ketvirtasis skyrius skirtas užsienio valstybių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY The attitude of Constitution that the prosecutor upheld charges on behalf of the State in criminal cases doesn’t stop the legislative (according to those who interests are violated, to the crime attributions, insecurity, degree and other features, the aggrieved party’s will and other important factors) to set such legal regulation that in some cases the charges on behalf of the State in criminal cases are not uphold. In the criminal procedure code, without general model of the criminal procedure, are estimated the singularities of criminal procedure, when pre-trial research is initiated only by the aggrieved party’s complaint, by the application of legal representative or the demand of the prosecutor when cases are on trial for the crimes committed by the legal persons; when are applied coercible medicine measures; when the case process is summarized, when the defendant is absent and other. One of specific criminal procedure sorts set in the criminal procedure code is the private charge cases process. The private charge cases process is specific solution method of legal conflicts when the criminalization of conflict and prosecution is determined not by the states officers but by the will of aggrieved party to apply to the competitive states institutions that the criminal procedure would be started; and till the persons who are indictable committed a crime conviction or not, the parties of conflict have an opportunity to conciliate and so to make legal assumptions to... [to full text]

University, Diss., 2004--Karlsruhe.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_3090_Dissertação Marcela Langa Lacerda.pdf: 797617 bytes, checksum: 51818c0154daacca42e44cf478d4651c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-29 / Esta pesquisa verifica o estágio do processo de gramaticalização do verbo IR, que tem assumido a função de auxiliar em construções perifrásticas para expressar tempo. Para isso, investiga-se a variação entre as formas sintética e perifrástica com IR para expressão do futuro do presente. Temos por hipótese que a forma perifrástica já atinge todos os gêneros das duas modalidades da língua, uma vez que já se especializou para codificar tempo. São examinados dois gêneros, tomando-os como prototípicos do continuun oral/escrito: entrevistas com informantes universitários e editoriais de jornal. Partindo de uma orientação teórica Funcionalista, num quadro mais geral, concebe-se a língua como flexível ao uso, passível de influências cognitivas, sociais e também individuais, embora haja nela forças que atuam no sentido de regularizar a estrutura. Seguindo algumas pesquisas que têm se mostrado frutíferas, o modelo funcionalista estará em diálogo com outro modelo que procura dar conta da heterogeneidade estruturada da língua e de seus processos de mudança: a Teoria Variacionista. Num quadro mais específico, os fundamentos que orientam a pesquisa são os da Gramaticalização. Os dados extraídos dos gêneros selecionados serão submetidos ao programa computacional GOLDVARB 2001 e, em seguida, interpretados à luz das teorias lingüísticas que fundamentam esta pesquisa.

We consider a modified non-relativistic quantum mechanics where the position and momentum operators satisfy a non-standard commutation relation of the form [X_i, P_j] = 𝑖ℏ({1 + βP²) + β′P_iP_j}. Such a theory incorporates an absolute minimal length, UV/IR mixing and non-commutative position space. The possible representations in terms of differential operators are analyzed and their equivalence to first order is established. Simple quantum systems, namely the harmonic oscillator, the Coulomb potential and the gravitational well are studied in one of these representations, the pseudo-position one, and results are compared to previously published results. The Coulomb potential is also analyzed by an alternative analytical/numerical method. A constraint of ~ 3 GeV on the scale of the parameters β, β′ is obtained from precision experimental data on the atomic hydrogen energy levels. / Ph. D.