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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
501

Photofragmentation studies of metal ion-molecule complexes and metal oxides

Iskra, Andreas January 2017 (has links)
Gas phase metal-containing complexes provide suitable systems in which to study fundamental binding motifs between a metal ion and molecules in the absence of any solvent, support or competing charge effects. In this thesis, metal-containing species are explored experimentally using infrared resonance enhanced photodissociation (IR-REPD) spectroscopy and velocity map imaging (VMI). The experimental results are further interpreted with the aid of spectral simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). These are the first studies reported using a newly built IR-REPD spectrometer equipped with a purpose-built laser ablation source to allow for the study of single metal ion-molecule complexes. The laser ablation source is shown to efficiently produce various complexes including Rh<sup>+</sup>(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>, VO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>(N<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>n</sub> and Au<sup>+</sup>(CH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>n</sub> and the IR-REPD spectrometer has been characterised against a well-studied system of V<sup>+</sup>(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub> complexes. In order to record the IR-REPD spectra for small metal ion-molecule complexes, an argon atom is employed as the inert messenger. A combined IR-REPD spectroscopy and DFT investigation of M<sup>+</sup>(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub> complexes (where M = Co<sup>+</sup>, Rh<sup>+</sup> and Ir<sup>+</sup>) reveals a common [M<sup>+</sup>(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] core structure for all three considered metal ions. Additional ligands, which are not directly bound to the central metal ion, experience lower perturbation as evident in the reduced blue-shift for the ligand in the outer coordination shells. A further IR-REPD/DFT study involving CO<sub>2</sub> complexation around NbO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and TaO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> ions reveals a strongly-bound core of four CO<sub>2</sub> ligands around the MO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> ion (M = Nb, Ta). A significant increase in the intermolecular bond distances for the second coordination sphere ligands coincides with a decrease in the calculated binding energies. Velocity map imaging is employed to explore the rich photodissociation dynamics of VO in the vicinity of C<sup>4</sup>Σ- - X<sup>4</sup>Σ-(v',0) vibronic transitions in VO. The final quantum state distribution was observed to be strongly dependent on the intermediate vibronic state of VO via which the dissociation threshold is reached. This work provides a refined value for the VO dissociation energy of D<sub>0</sub>(VO) = 53190 ± 261 cm<sup>-1</sup> in excellent agreement with available literature.
502

Análise de queilite actínica por espectroscopia micro FT-IR

Carvalho, Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de [UNESP] 20 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_lfcs_dr_sjc.pdf: 1285800 bytes, checksum: e974f0ebe5242c6acaeec015aadb3843 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A queilite actínica (QA) é uma lesão considerada potencialmente cancerizável, localizada principalmente em lábio inferior e causada pela exposição crônica à radiação UV. A Espectroscopia FT-IR fornece informações moleculares através de fenômenos ópticos observado pela vibração de suas moléculas. Tem sido empregada em estudos biológicos para a caracterização de alterações neoplásicas. No entanto, são escassos os estudos que envolvam processos potencialmente cancerizáveis. Objetivou-se avaliar QAs através da espectroscopia micro FT-IR com relação aos seus aspectos moleculares para região de fingerprint (900-1800 cm-1) e altos números de onda (2800-3600 cm-1), e ainda verificar a análise dos componentes principais (PCA) e regressão logística binária (RLB) como modelo de diagnóstico. Foram avaliadas 14 amostras de QA e 14 amostras de mucosas normal (MN), obtendo-se 5 espectros por amostra, totalizando 140 espectros avaliados (70 de cada grupo). Os resultados demonstrados pela análise dos componentes principais revelaram pelo gráfico de scree plot que os dez primeiros PCs deveriam ser utilizados na análise. As maiores variações observadas pelo gráfico de loading plot relacionaram-se aos modos vibracionais do colágeno, ácidos nucléicos, lipídios e água confinada. O modelo de regressão logística binária mostrou 80,6% de pares concordantes para região de fingerprint e 81,7% de pares concordantes para a região de altos números de onda. Concluiu-se que a espectroscopia micro FT-IR provê características moleculares importantes das 19 amostras de QA, evidenciadas tanto na região de fingerprint como na de altos números de onda. / Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially precancerous lesion, located primarily in lower lip caused by chronic exposure to UV radiation. The FT-IR spectroscopy provides molecular information through optical properties observed by the vibration of its molecules. This technique has been used in biological studies for characterization of neoplastic tissues. However, there are few studies involving potentially cancerous processes. This study aimed to evaluate molecular changes on AC through micro FT-IR spectroscopy in fingerprint (900-1800 cm-1) and high wave numbers (2800-3600 cm- 1) region, and also to verify the principal components analysis (PCA) and binary logistic regression (BLR) as a model of diagnosis. We evaluated 14 samples of AC and 14 samples of normal mucosa (NM), resulting in 5 spectra per sample, totalling 140 spectra analyzed (70 from each group). The results demonstrated by PCA revealed by scree plot graph showed that the first ten principal components (PCs) should be used in the analysis. The largest variations observed by loading graph plot related to the vibrational modes of collagen, nucleic acids, lipids and confined water. The BLR model showed 80.6% of concordant pairs for the fingerprint region and 81.7% of concordant pairs of high wave numbers region. It was concluded that the micro FT-IR spectroscopy provides important molecular features of AC samples, evidenced both in the fingerprint and in the highwave numbers region.
503

Abordagem multivariada, perfil composicional e construção de curva de calibração para predição do teor de óleo em Jatropha curcas L

Corrêa, Aretha Arcenio Pimentel [UNESP] 27 February 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000794262.pdf: 1247138 bytes, checksum: c2b47c829df7f6ea550642afa68eaed4 (MD5) / Objetivou-se com este trabalho construir uma curva de calibração para predição do teor de óleo de pinhão-manso, usando a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR), bem como traçar o perfil composicional do óleo de pinhão-manso por cromatografia gasosa, além de utilizar técnicas multivariadas para seleção de acessos promissores para programas de melhoramento genético. Para construção da curva, foram utilizadas sementes de 142 plantas, oriundas de 56 acessos, que tiveram óleo extraído por método destrutivo de sementes, para obtenção dos valores de referência, que situaram-se entre 29,32 a 49,69% (m/m) de óleo. Os espectros foram coletados de sementes sem tegumento, intactas em equipamento de espectroscopia NIR. Cada espectro foi obtido com uma média de 64 scans com resolução de 16 cm-1. As regiões espectrais selecionadas para a curva de calibração foram de 8344 a 7736 cm-1, 6072 a 4968cm-1 e 4520 a 3976cm-1. Para avaliar a precisão da curva foram calculados o coeficiente de correlação (R2) que foi de 71,26% e o erro padrão de calibração (RMSECV) que foi de 0,138 entre os dados obtidos pelo método de referência e pelo NIR. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o método de referência utilizado foi satisfatório, apresentando boa correlação com a informação espectral, tornando a curva construída confiável, necessitando, entretanto da adição de novos dados para incremento na sua robustez e amplitude. A cromatografia gasosa indicou que os ácidos graxos com maiores porcentagens foram: oléico (43,45%), linoléico (35,13%), palmítico (13,44%) e esteárico (6,30%), concluindo que o perfil composicional do pinhão-manso é predominantemente insaturado. Para a abordagem multivariada, foram obtidos dados dos seguintes caracteres: teor de óleo, diâmetro do caule, altura da planta, comprimento e largura de semente, sendo os mesmos submetidos a análise de ... / The aim of this study was to establish a calibration curve for prediction of oil content by NIR and the compositional profile by gas chromatography, both of Jatropha curcas, such as analyze multivariate techniques for purposes of selection of promising accessions for breeding programs. For the development of calibration curve, were used seeds of 142 plants, originated of 56 accessions, which had oil extracted by destructive method of seed to obtain reference values, which ranged from 29.32 to 49.69% of oil. The spectra were collected from intact seed’s kernels. Each spectrum was taken with an average of 64 scans with resolution of 16 cm-1.The regions established for the calibration were 8344-7736 cm-1, 6072-4968 cm-1 and 4520-3976 cm- 1. To evaluate the accuracy of the curve, was calculated the correlation coefficient (R2) which was 71.26% and the standard error of calibration (RMSECV) which was 0.138 between the data obtained by the reference method and the NIR. The results indicate that the reference method was satisfactory, showing correlation with the spectral information, making the curve reliable, requiring however, the addition of new data to increase the robustness and extent. Gas chromatography showed that fatty acids with the highest percentages were: oleic (43.45%), linoleic (35.13%), palmitic (13.44%) and stearic (6.30%), concluding that the compositional profile of Jatropha curcas oil is predominantly unsaturated. For multivariate approach data were obtained from the traits: oil content, stem diameter, plant height, length and width of seed. The data were submitted to principal component analysis and cluster analysis by the hierarchical method using Euclidean distance and connection between groups by Ward method. In principal components analysis, three components explained 74.1% of the variance contained in the original variables and were characterized by the variable oil ...
504

The development of amine-based extractants for separation of base metals in a sulfate medium

Magwa, Nomampondo Penelope January 2015 (has links)
Tridentate benzimidazole-based ligands, bis((1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)sulfide (BNSN) and bis((1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)amine (BNNN), along with dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNNSA) as a synergist, were investigated as potential selective extractants for Ni2+ from base metals in a solvent extraction system using 2-octanol/Shellsol 2325 (8:2) as diluent and modifier. However, extraction studies show a lack of pH-metric separation of the later 3d metal ions with bis((1-octylbenzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)sulfide (BONSN) and bis((1- decylbenzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)amine (BDNNN) as extractants, but extractions occurred in the low pH range with an opportunity for back extraction. This investigation suggested that tridentate ligands (at least those of the nature investigated here) are not feasible extractants for separation of base metal ions due to their lack of stereochemical “tailor-making.”
505

Determinação de parâmetros físico-químicos em laranjas Valência por métodos não-destrutivos /

Borba, Karla Rodrigues. January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Marcos David Ferreira / Coorientador: Poliana Cristina Spricigo / Banca: Gustavo Henrique de Almeida Teixeira / Banca: Luiz Alberto Colnago / Resumo: Objetivo: Alguns atributos em sua composição química e física, como teor de sólidos solúveis (SST), pH (potencial hidrogeniônico), ácidos orgânicos, açúcares e cor são utilizados como parâmetros na aferição da qualidade de frutas. Os métodos utilizados, nos dias atuais, para a análise da qualidade destes produtos são invasivos, que demandam tempo, muitas amostras, reagentes e geram resíduos. Técnicas não destrutivas, como a espectroscopia no infravermelho e de ressonância magnética nuclear, têm sido propostas para avaliar qualidade em frutas e hortaliças. Este projeto teve como objetivo: desenvolver um modelo de calibração, a partir da espectroscopia de infravermelho de médio e próximo, e ressonância magnética com o auxílio das ferramentas quimiométricas PCA (análises de componentes principais) e PLS (Regressão em mínimos quadrados parciais) com a utilização do programa computacional Pirouette versão 4.5, para estimar parâmetros físico-químicos da qualidade de laranjas da variedade 'Valência'. Métodos: Foram coletadas um total de 450 laranjas de cultivo comercial no interior de São Paulo, transportadas para a Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP e em laboratório foram selecionadas, higienizadas e sanitizadas. Em seguida foram realizadas análises espectroscópicas de infravermelho médio (MIR) e próximo (NIR) e de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN). Logo após realizadas as análises não destrutivas as laranjas foram analisadas com métodos de referência para os parâmetros de qu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: Some attributes in their chemical and physical composition, as soluble solids content (SSC), pH (hydrogen potential), organic acids, sugars and color are used as parameters in measuring the quality of fruit. The methods used nowadays, to analyze the quality of these products are invasive, requiring time, many samples, reagents and generate waste. Nondestructive techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, have been proposed to evaluate quality in fruits and vegetables because they allow rapid implementation of measurements without sample preparation. This project aimed to: develop a calibration model by near ande mid-infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance with the aid of chemometric tools PCA (principal component analysis) and PLS (regression in partial least squares) with use of the computer program Pirouette version 4.5, to estimate physical-chemical parameters of quality oranges from 'Valencia' variety. Methodology: A total of 450 commercial cultivation oranges were collected in São Paulo, transported to Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos/SP, and in laboratory were selected, cleaned and sanitized. Then spectroscopic analysis near (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were made. After performed the non-destructive analysis, the oranges were analyzed with reference methods for quality parameters. Spectroscopic data were processed and prediction models were developed to determinith MIR and NIR signal PLS models were developed to determine SSC, pH, fresh weight, vitamin C, citric acid and sugars... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
506

Avaliação da influência do material de confecção das matrizes no teste de conversão monomérica por espectrometria no infravermelho de um compósito / Evaluation of the influence of the mould material on the degree of conversion by infrared spectroscopy of a composite

Adriana Riedlinger Mont'Alverne Bordalo 18 December 2007 (has links)
Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, in vitro, a influência do material de confecção das matrizes, traçando um perfil da conversão monomérica de um compósito micro-híbrido, além de avaliar qual dos materiais testados mais se assemelha a uma matriz de dentina. A avaliação foi feita através da análise do grau de conversão (GC). Foram confeccionadas 3 matrizes bipartidas, sendo estas de teflon negro, tefon branco e aço inoxidável, ambas com 10mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de profundidade. Para o grupo controle foi utilizado um incisivo central bovino, o qual teve sua face vestibular aplainada em uma lixadeira sob refrigeração constante, com o auxílio de uma lixa de carbeto de silício, número 800. Após, este dente foi preparado com uma broca diamantada número 2294 (KG Sorensen) em alta rotação, própria para a preparação de cavidades padronizadas para ensaios de laboratório, apresentando um limitador de penetração. Em seguida, com um motor de baixa rotação foi realizado o acabamento das paredes, obtendo-se uma cavidade de 2,0 mm de profundidade por 9,0 mm de diâmetro. Pela palatina desse dente, com uma broca carbide cilíndrica de numeração 2056 (KG Sorensen), fez-se uma penetração até se obter uma parede de dentina extremamente fina, porém sem que esta fosse rompida. Assim, com uma agulha, fez-se uma pequena perfuração no centro dessa dentina para que este instrumental servisse como um pino para remoção do corpo de prova de dentro da matriz de dente. Os corpos de prova (CP) foram obtidos a partir da inserção do compósito no interior da perfuração das matrizes em um único incremento e cobertos na superfície externa com uma matriz de poliéster mais uma lamínula de vidro. Os CP foram fotopolimerizados por 40 s pela fonte de luz halógena Optilux 501 (Demetron), com 500 mW/cm. Imediatamente após a polimerização, os corpos de prova eram submetidos no topo e na base para a análise de espectrometria no infravermelho para a determinação da profundidade de polimerização, pela técnica do filme vazado para o compósito não polimerizado e pela técnica da pastilha de brometo de potássio (KBr) para o compósito polimerizado. Foram confeccionados 5 CP de cada grupo. Em cada grupo, o compósito da base e do topo das amostras foi moído até se obter de 1,5 a 2,0 mg de pó e misturado com 70 mg de KBr, para obtenção da pastilha de KBr. Foi feita a análise de espectrofotometria no infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). As absorções selecionadas para o cálculo foram 1610 cm-1 e 1637 cm-1, os picos dos espectros das ligações dos carbonos aromáticos e alifáticos, respectivamente. Os dados obtidos foram tratados estatisticamente. Os grupos Gr1B, Gr2B, Gr3B e Gr4B representam, respectivamente, as bases dos CP confeccionados pelas matrizes de DB, TN, TB e AI. Já os Gr1T, Gr2T, Gr3T e Gr4T representam os topos. Médias (%) e DP: Gr1T (46,461,99), Gr2T (39,864,51), Gr3T (44,053,44) e Gr4T (38,045,08). Gr1B (40,441,49), Gr2B (36,153,81), Gr3B (40,093,18) e Gr4B (35,593,35). Em posse dos resultados, pôde-se concluir que os grupos do teflon negro, teflon branco e aço inoxidável não apresentaram diferenças entre o grau de conversão do topo e da base, enquanto que o grupo da dentina apresentou maior conversão do topo. Comparando as matrizes entre elas, pôde-se perceber que no topo, o GC do dente bovino é maior que o GC do aço inoxidável e do que o de teflon negro, o GC do teflon branco é maior que o GC do aço inoxidável e do que o de teflon negro. Já o topo dos grupos de dente bovino e teflon banco foram semelhantes. Nas bases dos CPs, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos testados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no experimento, pôde-se concluir que nos grupos do teflon negro, teflon branco e aço inoxidável não houve diferença entre 0 e 2 mm, ou seja, topo e base, o que mostra que o material de confecção da matriz não influênciou o grau de conversão do compósito. Já para o grupo da matriz de dentina, o topo apresentou valor de conversão monomérica maior, mostrando que, neste caso, o material da matriz interferiu no grau de conversão. Pode-se perceber também que existe uma tendência da matriz de teflon branco se assemelhar mais a matriz de dentina, pois foi o único grupo que apresentou semelhança nos valores de conversão monomérica no topo das amostras. Porém analisando a base das amostras, percebe-se que todos os grupos se comportaram de forma semelhante, obtendo valores do grau de conversão sem diferença significante. / This study was undertaken in order to determine, in vitro, the influence of mould material by the degree of conversion in a composite, and assess which of the materials tested was more akin to an array of dentin. The assessment was made by examining the degree of conversion (DC). Three bipartite moulds were made of black Teflon, white Teflon and stainless steel. All of them had 10 mm of diameter and 2 mm of deep. To the control group it was used a bovine central incisor, which had its buccal face leveled off in a sander under refrigeration with help of sandpaper 800. After that, this tooth was prepared in high speed with a diamond bur 2294 (KG Sorensen). This bur is proper for preparing standardized cavities for laboratories tests, and has a flat end with stop. A cavity of 2 mm of deep for 9 mm of diameter was obtained by a low speed that made the walls finished. With a cylindrical carbide bur 2056 (KG Sorensen), through the tooth lingual, a penetration was made until an extremely thin wall of dentin was obtained. Thus, with a needle, a little perforation was made in the center of this dentin. The specimens were made dispensed the restorative material on a single increment. A strip of cellulose was placed on top and a glass slab was pressed on the top. The material was cured during 40 seconds by halogen light, Optilux 501 (Demetron), with 500 mW/cm. Immediately, after cured, the specimens were submitted, on the top and on the bottom, to analyze their degree of conversion by FTIR. For the uncured composite was used the technique of the film leaked and for the cured composite, the technique of the potassium bromide tablet (KBr). Five specimens of each group had been confectioned. In each group, the bottom and top composite of the samples was worn out until if getting of 1,5 the 2,0 mg of dust and mixed with 70 mg of KBr, for attainment of the tablet of KBr. The analysis of FTIR was made. The absorptions selected for the calculation had been 1610 cm-1 and 1637 cm-1, the peaks of the specters of the linkings of aromatical and alifatic carbons, respectively. The data had been treated statistical. It could be concluded that the groups of black Teflon, white Teflon and stainless steel had not presented differences between the degree of conversion of the top and the bottom, whereas the group of the dentin presented greater conversion of the top. Comparing the moulds between them, it could be noticed that in the top, the DC of the bovine tooth is greater that the DC of the stainless steel and black Teflon, the DC of white Teflon is greater that the DC of the stainless steel and black Teflon. The top of the groups of bovine tooth and black teflon been similar. In the bottoms of the specimens, it did not have significant difference between the tested groups. In accordance with the results gotten in the experiment, could be concluded that in the groups of black Teflon, white Teflon and stainless steel it did not have difference between 0 and 2 mm, that is, top and bottom, its means that the material of mould confection did not influence the degree of conversion of the composite. Already for the group of the dentin, the top presented value of bigger conversion, showing that, in this in case that, the material of the matrix intervened with the DC. It can also be perceived that a trend of the white Teflon mould to resemble more the dentin mould, therefore was the only group that presented similarity in the values of DC in the top of the samples. However analyzing the bottom of the samples, all the groups had values of the degree of conversion without significant difference.
507

Estudo dos sistemas integrados de filmes finos óxidos em substratos poliméricos

Amorim, Ellen [UNESP] 30 March 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amorim_e_me_bauru.pdf: 1076622 bytes, checksum: e8c49dd18674bdba5db049480dc0c8f9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Devido ao avanço da tecnologia as pesquisas sobre filmes finos óxidos transparentes, depositados principalmente em subtratos poliméricos flexíveis, vem crescendo muito. Neste trabalho foram sintetizados filmes finos de óxido de zinco e de óxido de estanho, sobre substratos poliméricos de poliereftalato de etileno (PET). Os filmes foram sintetizados através da técnica de magnetron sputtering utilizando fonte utilizados para a síntese dos filmes: gás argônio para geral o plasma, gás oxigênio para a formação dos filmes, alvo de zinco metálico para o filme de ZnO e alvo de estanho metálico para o filme de SnO2. Os filmes foram depositados variando o tempo de deposição. Alguns filmes de ZnO foram sintetizados sobre substratos de PET tratados a plasma de gás argônico a fim de investigar a aderência no substrato. A caracterização composicional foi realizada por MEV-EDS, a caracterização óptica foi realizada por espectroscopia óptica, a morfologia superficial foi realizada através de microscopia de força atômica (AFM), a caracterização das estruturas químicas através do infravermelho e a espessura dos filmes através do perfilômetro. Os filmes de ZnO apresentaram-se transparentes e a análise química indicou que o filme é formado por zinco e oxigênio. A rugosidade da superfície e a espessura aumentaram com o tempo de deposição. Para os filmes de SnO2, observou-se uma transmitância menor que o filme de ZnO e também uma menor adesão na superfície do substrato / Due to advancement in technology research on transparent oxide thin films, deposited mainly on flexible polymeric substrates, has been increasing. In this study were synthesized thin films of zinc oxide and tin oxide, on polymeric substrates of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The films were synthesized by magnetron sputering technique using a source of RF (radio frequency) were used for the synthesis of films: argon gas to generate plasma, oxygen gas for the formation of films of metallic zinc target to film ZnO and metallic tin target for the film of SnO2. The films were deposited by varying the time of deposition. Some ZnO were synthesized on substrates of PET treated to argon gas plasma in order to investigate the adhesion to the substrate. The compositional characterization was perfomed by SEM-EDS, the optical characterization was carried out by optical spectroscopy, the surface morphology was carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the chemical structure by infrared and through the thickness of the films profilometer. The ZnO showed is transparent and chemical analysis indicated that films is formed by zinc and oxygen. The surface roughness and the thickness increased with the time of deposition. For films of SnO2, was observed under a transmittance of the film of the films profilometer. The ZnO showed is transparent and chemical analysis indicated that the films is formed by zinc and oxygen. The surface roughness and the thickness increased with the time of deposition. For films of SnO2, was observed under a transmittance of the film of ZnO and also a lower adhesion on the substrate surface
508

Vliv kvality artikulačních UHMWPE vložek na životnost kloubních náhrad / The influence of the quality of articulation UHMWPE inserts on the lifetime of joint replacements

Fulín, Petr January 2016 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the introduction with the problems of high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in orthopedics in the first part. It discusses the history, properties and processes that lead to the failure of UHMWPE joint replacement components. The experimental part validates the hypotheses expressed. It acquaints readers with the experimental verification of the effect of different types of sterilization on the oxidative stability of laboratory prepared samples and explanted UHMWPE joint replacement components using methods of infrared microscopy, electron spin resonance, mechanical tests and tests of microhardness. Other experimental measurements on a large set of explanted components of hip and knee total joint replacements validates the hypothesis that the amount of oxidative damage affects the lifespan of joint replacements. The third part of the experimental study maps the degree of oxidative damage in different places of the hip and knee joint replacements. In the final part we experimentally demonstrate the fact that the rate of oxidative damage has an effect on supramolecular structure of the UHMWPE. From the above experiments are concluded clearly defined recommendations for clinical practice, which should lead to extend the lifespan of total joints replacements in orthopaedics....
509

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy neurofeedback (NIRS neurofeedback) em crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH)

Londero, Igor January 2015 (has links)
As intervenções com neurofeedback têm tido grande difusão na área como uma alternativa possível para tratamento do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH). Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de um sistema de neurofeedback de baixo custo chamado Near Infrared Spectroscopy/Hemoencephalography Neurofeedback (NIR/HEG-NF) para tratar crianças com TDAH. Método: trata-se de um estudo clínico piloto aberto, que incluiu 5 crianças (3 meninos e 2 meninas - idade 10,4 ± 0,89 anos) com TDAH-C (tipo combinado). Os indivíduos completaram um programa de 24 sessões de NIR/HEG-NF, duas ou três vezes por semana. Os seguintes desfechos foram avaliados pré e pós-tratamento: 1) sintomas de desatenção e hiperatividade; 2) desempenho neuropsicológico; 3) imagens de SPECT cerebral; 4) qualidade de vida; e 5) efeitos adversos. Resultados: houve maior resistência do que o esperado para a participação dos indivíduos devido a vários fatores, tais como logísticos para a participação nas sessões e requerimento de não uso de medicação durante o protocolo. Detectamos uma diferença significativa na comparação pré e pós-intervenção nos escores atribuídos pelos pais na dimensão de hiperatividade e impulsividade do Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire (SNAP-IV) (p = .042; tamanho de efeito [ES] =.38) e uma tendência de melhora nos escores atribuídos pelos pais e professores na dimensão desatenção (p = .066; ES = .47 / p = .068; ES = .60) naquelas crianças que finalizaram o tratamento. Detectamos uma tendência de aumento perfusional em diferentes partes do córtex cerebral em três indivíduos. As comparações pré e pós-intervenção nas outras medidas não indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Não foram relatados efeitos adversos significativos. Discussão: Os achados iniciais sugerem que o NIR/HEG-NF como tratamento para sintomas de TDAH pode ser promissor e deve ser melhor investigado. O protocolo lança luz sobre novas abordagens para avaliar a eficácia da intervenção. Pode-se, por exemplo, implementar o programa de intervenção no ambiente escolar e com uso concomitante de medicamentos para superar as resistências na alocação de pacientes e para uma avaliação com maior validade externa. / Background and objectives: Neurofeedback interventions have been quick and extensively introduced for clinicians to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to assess the feasibility of using a low cost neurofeedback system called Near Infrared Spectroscopy/ Hemoencephalography Neurofeedback (NIR/HEG-NF) for treating children with ADHD. Method: This open pilot clinical study included 5 children (3 boys and 2 girls - age 10.4 ± 0.89 years) with ADHD-C (combined type). The subjects completed a program of 24 sessions of NIR/HEG-NF, two or three times a week. The following outcomes were assessed pre and post-treatment: 1) clinical symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity; 2) neuropsychological performance; 3) brain SPECT images; 4) quality of life and; 5) adverse effects. Results: Higher resistance than expected was experienced for patient allocation due to logistic reasons to attend the sessions in the hospital and the requirement of not using medication during the protocol. We detected a significant decrease in hyperactivity/impulsivity comparing pre and post-intervention scores in the parent’s Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire - SNAP-IV (p = .042; Effect Size [ES] r = .38) and a trend of improvement in scores attributed by parents and teachers in inattention (p = .066; r = .47 / p = .068; r = .68) . We detected a trend for increased perfusion in different parts of the entire cortex in 3 subjects. Comparisons between pre and post-intervention scores in other measures did not suggest meaningful differences. No significant adverse effects were reported. Discussion: Our initial findings suggest that NIR/HEG-NF technique might be promising and should be further investigated. The protocol shed light on new approaches to assess the effectiveness of the intervention such as the need to both implement the intervention program in a school environment and to pursue the investigation of the treatment effects with concomitant use of medications to surpass resistances to enroll patients and to have an assessment with more external validity.
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Calculating Infrared Spectra of Proteins and Other Organic Molecules Based on Normal Modes

January 2012 (has links)
abstract: The goal of this theoretical study of infrared spectra was to ascertain to what degree molecules may be identified from their IR spectra and which spectral regions are best suited for this purpose. The frequencies considered range from the lowest frequency molecular vibrations in the far-IR, terahertz region (below ~3 THz or 100 cm-1) up to the highest frequency vibrations (~120 THz or 4000 cm-1). An emphasis was placed on the IR spectra of chemical and biological threat molecules in the interest of detection and prevention. To calculate IR spectra, the technique of normal mode analysis was applied to organic molecules ranging in size from 8 to 11,352 atoms. The IR intensities of the vibrational modes were calculated in terms of the derivative of the molecular dipole moment with respect to each normal coordinate. Three sets of molecules were studied: the organophosphorus G- and V-type nerve agents and chemically related simulants (15 molecules ranging in size from 11 to 40 atoms); 21 other small molecules ranging in size from 8 to 24 atoms; and 13 proteins ranging in size from 304 to 11,352 atoms. Spectra for the first two sets of molecules were calculated using quantum chemistry software, the last two sets using force fields. The "middle" set used both methods, allowing for comparison between them and with experimental spectra from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Library. The calculated spectra of proteins, for which only force field calculations are practical, reproduced the experimentally observed amide I and II bands, but they were shifted by approximately +40 cm-1 relative to experiment. Considering the entire spectrum of protein vibrations, the most promising frequency range for differentiating between proteins was approximately 600-1300 cm-1 where water has low absorption and the proteins show some differences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Physics 2012

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