O espaço moderno produz segundo uma lógica de simultaneidade paisagens contrastantes e com caracteríscas de ocupação distintas. A cidade de Vitória revela uma paisagem de dimensão singular e plural, de natureza fragmentada: a paisagem da região nordeste, correspondente à orla marítima, expressa a riqueza e os signos da cidade global, criando assim, uma condição antagônica à paisagem da região noroeste, cujos ecossistemas naturais e humanos coexistem precariamente. Essas assimetrias espaciais representam um processo dialético de inclusão e exclusão social inerentes à modernidade. A pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a paisagem da Baía Noroeste no âmbito do município, buscando compreender os processos sociais e espaciais cumulativos que impuseram profundas transformações à sua base natural e sócio-espacial, considerando os seguintes aspectos: os impactos e correspondências que se estabelecem entre as regiões - nordeste e noroeste - a partir da instauração do capital industrial e da solicitação de um espaço compatível com a modernização; a forma como a região da Baía Noroeste se integra à produção e à gestão empresarial do município; os desafios e expectativas que se apresentam para a paisagem e a comunidade da Ilha das Caieiras a partir de sua inserção no Pólo Turístico; e por fim, a discussão da importância da participação da população na preservação do ecossistema manguezal como elemento estruturador da paisagem, da identidade e da cultura urbana capixaba. Desse modo, pretende-se uma nova abordagem sobre a paisagem do lugar, mostrando que a globalização se configura, não pela ausência de referenciais locais, mas por um excesso de representações ideológicas materializadas no cotidiano que redefinem seu conteúdo. E nesse contexto, mostrar que, a articulação do espaço econômico inclui o político, não apenas como externalidade, mas como estruturante na conformação da paisagem. / Modern space simultaneously produces contrasting landscapes with different characteristics in terms of urban ocupation. In this context, the city of Vitória unfolds diversified and fragmentary landscapes of both single and plural dimensions: the coastal northeast area expresses the wealth and signs of the global city as opposed to the northwestern area, whose natural and human ecosystems coexist in a precarious way. Such spatial assimetries represent a dialectical process of social inclusion and exclusion inherent in modern times. The main objective of this research was to analyse the Northwestern Bay landscape within the municipal boundaries. It seeks to understand the social and spatial cumulative processes that deeply altered its natural and social-spatial basis taking into account the following aspects: the impacts and co-relations between the two regions (northeast and northwest) after the industrial establishment which demanded a different urban space compatible with modernization; the ways through which the Northwestern Bay area is integrated with the municipal production and management; the challenges and expectations of the Caieiras Island landscape and community since its insertion in the tourism industry and finally the importance of community participation and empowerment towards the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem as an important landscape structural feature which expresses local capixaba cultural identity. The dissertation offers a new approach to local landscape processes and shows that globalization is expressed not by the lack of local references but by the implementation of an ideological model materialized into ordinary life which ends up reshaping landscape forms. In this context, the research shows that the articulation of economic space includes the political sphere, not merely as an external influence but as a vital infra-structural instance in the configuration of landscape

Esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de aprendizagem que consiste no desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa utilizando, como material didático, algumas questões da Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas (OBMEP), acompanhadas de experimentação no Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. As questões selecionadas permitem diferentes formas de resolução, em especial por serem questões discursivas transversais e pseudotransversais da segunda fase. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante 8 encontros com 52 alunos de duas escolas da rede pública estadual de ensino, no período de agosto e setembro de 2014. O principal objetivo foi elaborar uma sequência de atividades ou material didático que evidenciasse a importância das estratégias usadas pelos alunos na resolução dos problemas. As diferentes estratégias utilizadas pelos participantes da pesquisa foram analisadas de acordo com a teoria da Resolução de Problemas (segundo Polya e Onuchic-Allevato), com ênfase para a construção de um Cenário para a Investigação (Skovsmose). Ao refletir sobre e analisar as estratégias registradas na busca da solução dos problemas, professor-aluno, percebemos que as mesmas favorecem para a compreensão de conceitos e conteúdos matemáticos. Além disso, promovem a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento do raciocínio matemático. / This work presents a learning proposal which is based on the development of a research using some questions from the Brazilian Math Olympiads of Public Schools (OBMEP – Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas) as teaching materials, followed by experimentation in elementary and high school. The selected questions allow different solving ways; especially because they are discursive cross- questions and pseudo cross of the second phase. The research was conducted during eight meetings with 52 students from two schools of the public school system, between August and September 2014. The main objective was to develop a sequence of activities or teaching materials that showed the importance of the strategies used by the students in solving the problems. The different strategies used by the participants were analyzed according to the theory of Problem Solving (Polya and Onuchic-Allevato), with emphasis on the construction of a Landscapes of Investigation (Skovsmose). By reflecting about it and analyzing the recorded strategies in the search for solving the problems, teacher-student, we conclude that these questions foment for the understanding of the mathematical concepts and content. Besides, they promote learning and development of mathematical logic.

A presente pesquisa investiga os processos de produção das paisagens dos sertões litorâneos no município de Ubatuba, extremo norte do litoral paulista, baseada no estudo de dois sertões: Poruba e Sesmaria. Pretende analisar e interpretar essas paisagens, numa abordagem que valoriza a experiência humana, focando na vivência dos lugares, seus diferentes usos, seus olhares e interpretações, seus estigmas e o cotidiano de seus moradores, a fim de compreender os processos sócio-espaciais desses bairros chamados sertões e suas formas de apropriação. / The present research examines productions processes of the coast backlands of Ubatuba, which is a town located at the north end of Sao Paulos coast, based on the study of two backlands: Poruba e Sesmaria. It intends to analyze and to interpret these landscapes, taking an approach that values the human experience, taking focus at the places existence, its different applications, looks and interpretations, its stigmas and the residents quotidian, in order to comprehend the procedures social and of space of these city districts, known as backlands and its ways of appropriation.

In the middle of his career, Arthur Garfield Dove created a smell yet novel body of landscape assemblages. They illustrate Dove's central interest in evoking nature--its motifs and rhythms--through imaginative associations of organic and man-made materials. These works represent Dove's synthesis of contemporary European stylistic and intellectual ideas as well as American philosophies and concerns. They also reflect the influence of Alfred Stieglitz and his circle and the artist Helen Torr, Dove's second wife. This study examines how Dove used a complex interplay of European theory and technique, American ideas and his own nature-based abstract style to create the landscape assemblages, works that are uniquely independent in the history of American art.

Research demonstrates that perspectives of health and illness vary by social and cultural context. This has implications for the ways in which people experience and respond to health and illness and becomes particularly important when people face major social and cultural change through migration. This is explored in this study through the relationship between health and place. The location for the study is a Chinese community centre, in which the centre members are first generation migrants from Hong Kong, China and Vietnam, aged 50 and over, who have spent the larger part of their lives living in the UK. The study uses the concept of therapeutic landscapes as an analytical lens through which to explore understandings of health and illness, issues of identity and belonging, and practices of wellbeing as they are enacted outside of formal healthcare settings. As an ethnographic study, the primary means of data collection has been through participant observation. This included regular attendance at the community centre to participate in activities and events over a period of ten months from August 2013 to May 2014. Twenty one formal interviews were also conducted with members of the community centre, the majority in English, and several in Cantonese. The migration stories of the participants in the study are explored as gendered experiences; that is, that the men and women experienced, and spoke about, migration differently. For the women in particular, their experiences of migration were recalled as a time of profound loneliness and isolation. Understandings of health and illness among the centre members are also explored. A shared understanding of health as a holistic and collective concept was expressed. In particular, they spoke about maintaining a positive attitude in the face of difficulties, about their own health in terms of family and social relationships, and the importance of being together and being active. The choices that they make around the use of Chinese and/or biomedicine are also explored within the context of this understanding. The experiences of migration and the understandings of health and illness are further explored through a consideration of the everyday practices, and associated materialities, that constitute the day-to-day life of the centre. These are explored as ways of re-connecting with the past and maintaining a sense of identity, but also as ways of negotiating both continuity and change at the same time. The role of the community centre in the lives of its members, and the ways in which they interact with one another in this particular place, is approached through the concept of therapeutic landscapes. The day-to-day activities, and the ways in which the centre members participate in these are presented as everyday practices of care; as the enactment of a particular understanding of health and wellbeing that helps to create a sense of identity and belonging at the community centre, which in turn contributes to the health and wellbeing of the centre members.

This thesis investigates the potential of narrative as a design generator and illustrates ways of extracting narratives from architecture through themed analyses of the proposed scheme. Discussions of cinematic and literary space — media traditionally dominated by narrative construction — augment discussions of architecture. The site, in both its formal and programmatic history, is discussed as the primary generator of both programme and form for the Narrative Factory. A critical stance is taken in order to respond to the material legacy of apartheid, which, it is argued, is a latent quality of much of Pretoria’s urban fabric. The use of lost space is discussed as points of departure from which to approach this legacy. Video: http://vimeo.com/81337714 / Dissertation (MArch Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

Protected areas (PAs) cover 12.9% of Earth’s land, while just 5.8% has strict protection for biodiversity (Earth’s variety of ecosystems, species, and genetic variation). Constraints of size and configuration, mismanagement, anthropogenic pressure, and climate change hamstring the capacity of PAs to conserve biodiversity. Increasingly, studies of biodiversity in human-modified landscapes provide an evidence base to support policies to make land outside of PAs as amenable as possible for biodiversity persistence. I reviewed research on biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa’s human-modified landscapes within four ecosystem categorizations: rangelands, tropical forest, Cape Floristic Region, and urban and rural built environment. I found potential for humanmodified landscapes to contribute to conservation across ecosystems. Available research could guide policy-making; nonetheless, several issues require further investment, e.g. research deficiencies, implementation strategies, and conflict with biodiversity. I also conducted case studies that could support land-use planning in South Africa’s coastal forest, part of a biodiversity hotspot. By comparing herpetofaunal communities over a land-use gradient, I found old-growth forest harbored the highest richness and abundance. Richness was low in sugar cane cultivation and degraded forest but substantial in acacia woodland and eucalyptus plantation. Composition differed between natural and anthropogenic vegetation types. Functional group richness decreased monotonically along the gradient, driven by sensitivity of fossorial herpetofauna and vegetation-dwelling frogs. Environmental variables were good predictors of frog abundance, but less so for reptiles. Maintaining forest and preventing degradation is important for herpetofaunal conservation while restoration and plantations have more value than cultivation. Old-growth remnants and post-disturbance regenerating vegetation also provide habitat for birds. However, occurrence does not ensure persistence. I calculated population trends for 37 bird species and general trends in overall bird density in different vegetation types. Seventy-six percent of species assessed have declined, 57% significantly so at an average rate of 13.9% per year. Overall, bird density fell at 12.2% per year across vegetation types. Changes in rainfall, habitat area, and survey coverage may partly explain trends. However, species with larger range extents declined more sharply than others and may be responding to environmental changes on a broad scale. These results cast doubt on the future persistence of birds in this human-modified landscape and justify further study. Such studies can support sensible land-use management; however, biases in study topics should not lead to gaps in the evidence base. By reviewing the global literature, I demonstrated clear geographical bias among biomes and geopolitical regions and taxonomic bias among species groups. Furthermore, distribution of published papers did not generally reflect threats of low PA coverage, high land conversion, and high human population density. Forests were the subject of 87% of papers, and 75% focused on the Americas and Europe, while Africa and Asia were critically understudied. This thesis highlights that managing human-modified landscapes for biodiversity could contribute to conservation. However, responses to land uses are complex, locationand species-specific, and often poorly understood, hindering integration of information into policy recommendations. Further research is needed to elucidate what, where, and how biodiversity persists alongside humans to enhance conservation efficacy, especially in understudied regions. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

No description available.

It is evident that several cities in China have experienced a variety of global impacts. Beijing for instance, has become synonymous with mass-migration over the years. The immense scale of projected rural migration, the unmanageable intervention of new housing urban developments, and the high levels of air pollution in Beijing have become a global dilemma. In order to alleviate Beijing's critical ecological conditions, the introduction of "new lungs", as an urban environmental design to the city should be examined. This thesis project illustrates how urban productive landscape and bike infrastructure can be essential in urban development through the implementation of an innovative dynamic Urban Eco-Filter that would respond to the active circumstances of the city of Beijing. The enormous amount of air pollution, ground-water depletion/pollution and particularly the lack of an ecological footprint are some of the challenges the city of Beijing continually battles. As a potential solution to assist the citizens of Beijing, who continually struggle to maintain a better quality of life, this thesis project proposes a new Urban Eco-Filter approach that will serve as a green corridor incorporating environmental resources. This innovative urban infrastructure would become the exceptional and unquestionable tool to create a holistic environment including productive urban landscape, bike infrastructure and sustainable themes. As a solution this project proposes the implementation of an elevated eco-network infrastructure in the center of the city of Beijing. In addition, the proposal would focus on developing a new productive landscape connection prototype at the Guomao Bridge on the 3rd Ring Road. The procedures analyzed are: case observation, case studies, strategies of 3-D modeling, and the design and qualitative investigation through workshops. In order to further validate the proposed solution, an in depth evaluation of the research techniques is necessary. It is indispensable to analyze the existing hazardous urban conditions and consider the uncontrollable growth of metropolitan cities, while introducing new ecological bike infrastructure. With the limited environmental footprint, constant amount of air pollution and the deficiency of ground-water, the investigation of a new Urban Eco-Filter is encouraged to enhance the social and environmental fabric of the city of Beijing.

L'objet de ce travail est d'examiner l'appropriation locale d'un changement global d'imaginaire, qui transforme les montagnes, leur environnement et leurs sociétés en objets de désirs et de consommations touristiques. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le temps long (entre la fin du XVIIIe siècle et la fin du XXe) et s'appuie sur un espace pionnier du tourisme européen. La mise en tourisme d'éléments de l'environnement (paysages, eaux, biosphère, climat, neige) et de certains modes de vie, place quelques territoires de montagne au cœur d'un mouvement économique, social et culturel éminemment contemporain. Le tourisme, dont l'apparition est concomitante de l'industrialisation, s'impose comme une forme de compensation face aux « débordements » industriels et urbains, comme un complément indispensable de la modernisation. Il connaît des taux de croissance forts qui en font un secteur à part entière de l'économie contemporaine. À chaque moment de cette histoire, certaines régions des Pyrénées s'illustrent au meilleur niveau d'équipement et de réputation et permettent d'interroger sur le temps long les problématiques posées par l'aménagement en montagne. Dans ces Pyrénées, le secteur touristique se construit d'abord localement, au contact des désirs des visiteurs. L'intervention publique est déterminante : des communes aménagent et expérimentent des modes de gestion de biens productifs (thermes, casinos, stations de ski). Elles sont appuyées par les préfectures et les administrations déconcentrées. L'État en tant que tel n'intervient, lui, que tardivement. Cette étude comparative et transfrontalière permet sinon de mettre en lumière des facteurs qui influent sur la trajectoire des aires et stations touristiques, qu'il s'agisse de thermalisme, d'excursions en montagne ou de sports d'hiver. Un exemple, celui de la station en site vierge de Superbagnères, invite en particulier à reconsidérer l'histoire traditionnellement faite des aménagements touristiques hivernaux. Cette recherche tente par ailleurs d'appliquer le concept d'hétérotopie, cette utopie effectivement réalisée, au tourisme ; elle interroge pour ce faire le versant social de l'aménagement, qui doit assurer le bon ordre et la sécurité dans les stations. Les effets du tourisme sur l'environnement sont également abordés : très tôt, les urbanisations accroissent l'exposition aux risques naturels, artificialisent les sols, posent des problèmes d'assainissement, tandis que les excursions et les consommations diverses augmentent la pression sur la biosphère. Cette étude s'intéresse aussi au partage de l'espace et aux conflits d'usage avec l'industrie et l'agriculture ; elle met en avant leurs liens avec la protection de la nature. Elle restitue, enfin, l'importance de la frontière et de l'imaginaire géographique dans les trajectoires économiques et touristiques. / The aim of this work is to consider the local appropriation of a global change of imaginary, which transforms the mountains, their environment and their societies into objects of touristic desires and consumables since the eighteenth century. This study examines a long period of time (between the end of the 18th century and the end of the 20th century) and draws on a pioneering area regarding European tourism (French and Spanish Pyrenees). The touristic transformation of environmental elements (landscapes, waters, biosphere, climate, snow) and specific lifestyles puts some mountain spaces at the core of a highly contemporary economic, social and cultural movement. Tourism, which emergence coincides with industrialization, appears as a form of compensation for industrial and urban "overflows" and as an essential complement to modernization. Its strong growth rates make it a full-fledged sector of the contemporary economy. All along this history, some regions of the Pyrenees reach the best level of equipment and reputation.