In 19th-Century America, upper- and middle-class sites of ice cream consumption were exclusive landscapes that conveyed through their design and advertisement ideals formed in European spa culture a century before. European spas promoted pastoralism, escapism, health, and leisure, all concepts that could also be found in American early 19th century pleasure gardens, mid-19th century ice cream parlors, and late 19th century soda fountains. These landscapes reveal how spa culture was intertwined with white gentility and sought to keep the lower classes and black people from enjoying the same resort experiences. By studying landscapes of consumption, we can better understand not only food culture, but also the ways social and cultural norms were enacted and enforced.

This study responds to the effect that current food production has on the natural environment, by researching urban systems and ecosystems. In reaction to the findings, a new food production system and the urban buying and retail culture are investigated. A food market and hydroponic production building is designed to serve as an alternative to the supermarket and conventional food production. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie reageer op die uitwerking wat huidige voedsel produksie op die natuurlike omgewing het, deur stedelike stelsels en ekostelsels te bestudeer. In reaksie op die bevindings word ‘n nuwe voedsel produksie stelsel en die stedelike koop-enverkoop- kultuur ondersoek. ‘n Varsprodukte mark en hidroponiese produksie-gebou word ontwerp om ‘n alternatief te bied vir die supermark en konvensionele voedselproduksie. / Hierdie studie reageer op die uitwerking wat huidige voedsel produksie op die natuurlike omgewing het, deur stedelike stelsels en ekostelsels te bestudeer. In reaksie op die bevindings word ‘n nuwe voedsel produksie stelsel en die stedelike koop-en verkoop- kultuur ondersoek. ‘n Varsproduktemark en hidroponiese produksie-gebou word ontwerp om ‘n alternatief te bied vir die supermark en konvensionele voedselproduksie. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

Urbanization alters the natural soil structure of landscapes. This has a negative impact on the environment. This degradation of the soil in the urban environment needs management practices that protect and restore the nutrient value in the soil. Soil is one of the most essential elements of landscapes. High quality soils make a major contribution to cleaning water, acting as a filtration system that purifies the water it absorbs. Soil also sustains microorganisms that promote vegetation growth and consequently food production, one of the most important human activities that allows us to thrive as a society. The poor soil conditions in the urban environment make it very difficult to sustain healthy trees and vegetation. Urban soil is "modified through the regrading, compaction, cutting and filling, and, sometimes, contamination that comes with creating buildings, roads and associated land uses", changing the physical, chemical and biological structure of soil. (Trowbridge and Bassuk 3) In general, urban areas require better waste management methods that could use an abundant resource of food and yard waste to make compost. This thesis focuses on composting organic waste in the McNair neighborhood of Fairfax County in order to produce a resource to improve the soil conditions. This improvement would support the vegetation in this urban environment, and, in addition, sequester carbon and divert materials that otherwise would go to landfills. This thesis demonstrates a sustainable method for composting food and yard waste in a mixed-use community in northern Virginia turning waste material into a resource. / Master of Landscape Architecture / The growth of cities has a negative impact on the native soil and vegetation. The expansion of urban areas weakens the microorganisms that live in the soils through soil compaction for the construction of roads and buildings, runoff pollution and the use of chemicals in lawns and gardens. These urban conditions challenge the growth of trees and vegetation in general. Using sustainable waste management practices in cities we can turn organic waste material and turn it into an organic fertilizer to sustain the microorganisms in the soil and promote the growth of vegetation in urban areas. This thesis focuses in composting food waste and yard waste in the McNair neighborhood in Fairfax in order to turn a waste material into a local resource that benefits the community by sustaining green areas and diverting organic waste from going to landfills.

Magister Artium - MA / The advent of semiotic/Linguistic Landscapes (LL) as a new sociolinguistic enquiry has received considerable attention in the field of Language and Communication Studies. Although LL studies have been done in South Africa, none has problematised the languages and cultural objects such as statues and names of buildings and streets as constructing, including or excluding certain social- types. The aim of the study was to examine the material culture (languages and cultural objects) constituting the landscape at three established Western Province universities, namely the University of the Western Cape (UWC), the University of Cape Town (UCT), and Stellenbosch University (SU). Using the qualitative ‘walking method’ adapted by Stroud and Jegels (2014) and a handheld recording device/camera, the total collection of data consisted of [312] images captured at the selected research sites. The images were taken of varying street sign names (within a 2.5km radius), building structures – including their names, monuments, statues, artworks – and historically significant space(s) in place. / 2023

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第23393号 / 人博第1006号 / 新制||人||237(附属図書館) / 2021||人博||1006(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)准教授 守田 貴弘, 教授 谷口 一美, 教授 塚原 信行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18538号 / 理博第4014号 / 新制||理||1579(附属図書館) / 31438 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 國友 浩, 教授 杉本 茂樹, 教授 田中 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Developed out of a need for a reliable methodology of documenting historic landscapes, the National Park Service uses Cultural Landscape Reports to determine the significance and integrity of historic landscapes. Treatment recommendations developed from an analysis of site history and existing conditions guide the management decisions of cultural landscapes. Russell Cave National Monument, located in Bridgeport, Alabama, contains one of the oldest continuous archeological records in North America. A cultural landscape report for the park had not yet been completed. This research consists of a historical narrative covering the 10,000 years of human occupation in the cave, a documentation of existing conditions, an analysis of historic integrity, and recommendations for management, preservation, and restoration of the landscape.

Intense agriculture is detrimental to the environment and leads to nutrient runoff, decreased water quality, soil erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, and decreased wildlife habitat. In addition to negative environmental impacts, intense agriculture increases the financial strain on farmers. Farmers also face inconsistent yields from environmentally vulnerable lands. Due to these financial constraints and inconsistent yields, conservation goals are not always economically attractive to farmers and agricultural producers. One possible solution to this issue is the use of precision agriculture (PA) to inform strategic conservation efforts. We used PA technology to identify low-revenue field areas in the Mississippi Delta and Black Prairie regions. We created spatially explicit revenue maps and overlaid it with the Biologist Ranking Index (BRI) to illustrate where economic and conservation opportunities overlap. Our results indicate that, on average, upwards of 20.1% of the Black Prairie and 18.0% of the Mississippi Delta generate less revenue than conservation enrollment.

This thesis endeavors to comprehensively examine and elucidate the factors and challenges that have shaped the city of Beirut, Lebanon into its current state. Extensive research has shed light on numerous incidents, which can be regarded as defining moments that have imbued the city with its distinct character and identity. Among these events, the pivotal occurrence that triggered the ongoing turmoil within Beirut is the catastrophic Beirut Blast of August 4th, 2020. This incident serves as the focal point of the thesis, aiming to foster unity while embracing the city's authenticity and showcasing the visible wounds through architectural expressions. It represents a conscious acknowledgment of the past as a means to propel transformation and shape the future. The thesis project presents seven distinct scenarios, each encapsulating a significant dichotomy in Beirut's history and its enduring impact on the city's present. The objective is to cultivate a considerate architecture that not only serves the needs of the population but also respects and nurtures the surrounding natural environment. By revitalizing and promoting biodiversity in both aquatic and terrestrial realms, an attempt is made to establish a dialogue between the city and the site of the catastrophe. This dialogue serves as a platform for reconciliation, paving the way for Lebanon's long-term welfare. The envisioned spaces encompass public areas, educational facilities, and spaces for healing, effectively becoming sanctuaries that hold multifaceted significance. These architectural interventions aspire to provide value that extends beyond mere physical structures, enhancing the overall fabric of the city. / Master of Architecture / In this research project, I aim to explore the factors and challenges that have shaped Beirut, Lebanon into its current state, with a focus on the city's unique identity. I have conducted extensive research, uncovering significant events that have influenced the city's character. Among these, the Beirut Blast of August 4th, 2020, stands out as a pivotal moment that triggered ongoing turmoil. The thesis aims to bring people together while embracing Beirut's authenticity and showcasing the visible scars through architectural expressions. Through the project, I present seven scenarios that represent important dichotomies in Beirut's history and their lasting impact on the city today. The goal is to create thoughtful architecture that not only meets the needs of the population but also respects and nurtures the natural environment. By revitalizing and promoting biodiversity in both land and water, I seek to establish a dialogue between the city and the blast site. This dialogue serves as a platform for reconciliation and contributes to Lebanon's long-term well-being. The envisioned spaces include public areas, educational facilities, and healing spaces, serving as sanctuaries with multiple layers of significance. These architectural interventions aim to go beyond physical structures and enrich the fabric of the city, providing value and enhancing the overall experience for its residents and visitors.

yes / The findings of a wildness study are presented where audio–visual stimuli (video footage), were assessed by experimental subjects under controlled conditions, in order to obtain reliable estimates of perceived tranquillity together with a number of other rated qualities including calmness and pleasantness. A wide range of mainly natural scenes totalling 46 were presented including footage from the Scottish Highlands and Dartmoor National Park. The findings clearly demonstrate that rated tranquillity relates closely to rated calmness and pleasantness and this agrees with earlier studies of soundscape categorisation. The effect of adding man-made sounds to the soundscape was shown to seriously degrade perceived tranquillity though ratings of wildness were not nearly as affected. Attempts to improve the level of tranquillity further by adding natural sounds were largely unsuccessful. It was considered important to determine if the previously employed Tranquillity Rating Prediction Tool (TRAPT) successfully validated for mainly urban open spaces could usefully predict tranquility in remote wildland areas. In fact results demonstrated the relatively close relationship between predicted and actually rated tranquillity in these remote areas which further extended the range of validity of the prediction tool. The findings of this study will challenge the notion that characterization of landscapes is purely a visual exercise and that soundscape quality needs to be considered as an integral part of this assessment process. For this reason the findings will be of interest to those responsible for managing and marketing protected areas such as National Parks, practitioners involved in carrying out landscape character assessments, cartographers and landscape architects involved in designing tranquil spaces across a range of scales. / Full text was made available 1st March 2016 at the end of the publisher's embargo.