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The literature on desistance and crime-prevention finds that paternal engagement is correlated with increased self-esteem, and decreased delinquency, criminality and recidivism for both fathers and children (Holmes et al., 2012; James, 2015; Makariev & Shaker, 2010; Martinez, DeGarmo, & Eddy, 2004; Visher et al., 2011). While there is a breadth of research examining the collateral consequences of justice-involvement, such as employer discrimination and housing insecurity, there remains a dearth of literature exploring how these consequences specifically impact fathering. Because paternal engagement has implications for public safety, it is imperative to identify the personal and environmental factors that facilitate or challenge paternal engagement and the ways that paternal identity construction influences how fathers engage with their children. The current study employs a strengths-based perspective that acknowledges broader contextual forces that can impact marginalized fathers and explores the process of paternal identity construction and enactment within a novel framework that integrates perspectives from bioecological theory and identity theory. In particular, it investigates the ways young Black fathers navigate and adapt to different barriers to fathering, with a specific focus on police encounters and hypersurveillance. The research design comprises a qualitative approach that begins with a narrative inquiry interview followed by a subsequent interview that expands on themes discovered during the narrative inquiry. The study draws from interviews with 50 Black fathers between the ages of 25-34, with at least one biological child, living in the 19143 zip code of Philadelphia. Guided by the Dynamic Identity Construction and Enactment (DICE) model, the current study finds that social interactions with family, community, and criminal justice agents; internalized images of fathers and police in the media; and historical phenomena, such as mass incarceration and the crack epidemic cumulatively impact both paternal identity construction and fathering behavior for young Black men living in Southwest Philadelphia. This study suggests the use of the DICE model in research with marginalized communities, as it engenders a strengths-based lens by exploring both individual and contextual influences on individuals and communities. Findings also suggest (a) a reframing of deviance, (b) the use of person-first language in order to lessen the stigma of a criminal record (i.e. using terms such as “incarcerated individuals” instead of “inmates”), (c) increased non-law related interactions between police and community members in order to enhance familiarity and assuage fear on both ends, (d) a shift towards community corrections in order for fathers to remain active in their children’s lives, and (e) a greater focus on community-based coparenting programs in order to ensure that fathers maintain access to their children. / Criminal Justice

This paper explores white American masculinity within the “ginger” phenomenon. To guide this study, I asked: How is racism conceptualized and understood within popular culture, as seen through discussions of whether or not gingerism constitutes racism? How do commenters respond or interact when their understandings of racism or explanations for gingerism are challenged by other commenters? And finally, what does the creation of and prejudice against/making fun of a “hyperwhite” masculine identity at this social/historical moment suggest about the current stability of the dominant white masculine identity? Through discourse analysis of online comments, I explored discussions of race, gender, and gingerism. The analysis covered 6,413 comments on 102 articles. I found that within discussions of race and gingerism, readers made use of varying definitions of race and racism. Different definitions led to conflations of racism, oppression, and bullying. Simplified and individualized definitions of race and racism also led to arguments that supported frameworks of reverse racism and post-racism. So-called discrimination against redheaded men was overall considered to be more serious than for women. These arguments were bound up in questions of the specificity of cultural contexts, and ethnic and national identities, particularly with regard to Irish and Scottish immigrant heritage in the United States and United Kingdom. Future work should continue to untangle ideas of race and physical appearance and ask how whiteness is understood and works within this context.

Men appear to be missing from much gender and development policy, but many emerging critiques suggest the need to pay more attention to understanding men and masculinities, and to analysing the social relationships between men and women. This book considers the case for a focus on men in gender and development, which requires us to reconsider some of the theories and concepts which underlie policies. It includes arguments based on equality and social justice, the specific gendered vulnerabilities of men, the emergence of a crisis of masculinity and the need to include men in development as partners for strategic change.

Thesis advisor: Elizabeth Rouse / Workers are increasingly exposed to dangerous work environments that pose significant risks to their well-being. Scholars have sought to improve these environments through illuminating practices that organizations use to increase safety. Yet not all dangers can be eliminated. Since workers continue to face dangers, it is important to understand how workers sustain engagement in dangerous work over time. I explore this question through an ethnography of snowmakers – individuals who make snow at ski resorts. My findings shine a light on two important factors in sustaining engagement in dangerous work: auxiliary routines and enactments of masculinity. First, I found that snowmakers sustained engagement in dangerous work by actively altering their work experiences through two primary auxiliary routines: play and respite. These routines created positive experiences in the workplace, yet paradoxically often made the work more dangerous. Second, I found that the introduction of female snowmakers led men to take different paths to navigate enactments of masculinity in the presence of women by either protecting women through enactments of masculinity through chivalry or supporting women. By focusing on the processes that enable workers to sustain engagement in dangerous work, this dissertation illustrates how workers balance danger and positive work experiences through auxiliary routines and how workers navigate enactments of masculinity in dangerous male-dominated workplaces. In doing so, this research builds new theory in dangerous work, auxiliary routines, and masculinity literatures. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management. / Discipline: Management and Organization.

Employment of male spouses of female service members in the United States military (i.e., civilian husbands of servicewomen) is frequently affected when they geographically relocate due to their wives' military service. Because of persisting societal norms for husbands as primary breadwinners in marriages and the majority of military couples being comprised of male service members married to female civilian spouses, civilian husbands of servicewomen may experience a gender role reversal in their identity as a spouse and as a provider within their relationships and military culture. This qualitative study examined the experiences of civilian husbands of servicewomen in their positions as tied-migrant workers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 civilian husbands who experienced at least one geographic relocation due to their wife's military service. Descriptive phenomenological analysis was used to discover the essence of participants' experiences. Themes around defining masculinity, being a minority in the military, and being a non-traditional gender provider in a tied-migrant worker role emerged. Participants expanded their masculine identities to include performing traditionally feminine tasks as well as placing value on egalitarianism in their spousal relationships when they experience barriers to breadwinning. Limitations (e.g., predominantly White and exclusively heterosexual sample, potential biases in recruitment and analysis, no explicit exploration of how gender role reversal and mental health intersect) and directions for future research to resolve limitations and expand on the current study are presented. Clinical recommendations for psychotherapists are provided with an emphasis on using emotionally focused therapy with couples consisting of civilian husbands and servicewomen. / Master of Science / Civilian men who are married to women serving in the United States military (i.e., civilian husbands of servicewomen) often have disruptions or challenges with their employment when they move to a new place because of their wives' military service. Because men are often expected to be main financial providers for their families (i.e., breadwinners) and civilian husbands' difficulties with employment, as well as the majority of military marriages being between servicemen and civilian wives, civilian husbands may feel they are in a gender role reversal both in their relationships and military communities. This qualitative study examined the experiences of civilian husbands of female service members by interviewing 22 men who moved at least once due to their wife's military service. Descriptive phenomenological analysis was used to discover themes of defining masculinity, being a minority in the military, and being in a tied-migrant worker role. Participants expanded their masculinity to include traditionally feminine tasks and placing value on being equitable in their marriages when faced with challenges to breadwinning. Study limitations regarding demographics and potential biases in recruitment and analysis are discussed, and directions for future research to resolve limitations and expand on the current study are given. Clinical recommendations for psychotherapists are described, especially recommendations for using emotionally focused therapy with couples of civilian husbands and servicewomen.